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dualism: mind and body separate
monism: mind and body under same thing

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debate on whether this experience is similar to drug induced hallucinations

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high tolerance and want for more / want for a higher high can lead to overdose

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high tolerance and want for more / want for a higher high can lead to overdose

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in US: usage/acceptance has varied over time

small period under Reagan's presidency when war on drugs was a thing and usage of drugs reduced a bit

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peer pressures
wanting to try something new, curiosity
stress, depression, hopelessness, experience traumatic event and want to forget about it

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need to use drug to relieve negative emotions without it
- like an anti-depressant

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taking two drugs at once
super strong effect
you be trippin balls man
deadly!!!!!

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psychedelic drug; distorts perception and evokes sensory images in absence of sensory input

LSD = acid, synthetic hallucinogen, creates kaleidoscope of fantastic/extraordinary images, ya trippin bro?

could cause euphoria or panic

could inhibit or excite neurons

THC = the druggie drug in marijuana, mild hallucinations

synthetic version = illegal everywhere, called K2 or Spice

stays in system for a long time

disrupts memory and emotion processing

acts as dopamine = agonist

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excite neural activity and speed up body functions
amphetamines

caffeine

nicotine = highly addictive, found in tobacco, difficult to quit and easy tolerance to build up

cocaine = from coca plant, temporary increase in alertness and euphoria, a very high to a very low crash

blocks dopamine so it builds up (super high) and then dissipates and no longer existent (depressing crash) --> antagonist

different forms like crack cocaine

methamphetamine = meth, stimulates CNS, speeds up body functions and associated energy and mood changes, long euphoria [8hrs] until huge crash

acts as dopamine (agonist)

ecstasy = MDMA, club drug, synthetic stimulant, kinda hallucinogen, causes euphoria and social intimacy

short term effects =  dehydration, long term effects = harm to serotonin producing neurons, harm to mood and cognition

acts as serotonin (agonist)

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reduce neural activity and slow body functions

alcohol = dis-inhibitor, disrupts memory, impairs judgement/coordination/speech, reduces self awareness

affects GABA and gludamine

barbiturates = like tranquilizers, depress CNS activity, reduce anxiety, INDUCES SLEEP usually

opiates = depresses neural activity, temporarily lessens pain and anxiety

heroin: replaces dopamine (agonist)

morphine: pain killer

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built up tolerance leads to worse withdrawal symptoms which means you become physiologically dependent on the drug which means you have become addicted YOU BETTER SEEK HELP MY FRIEND

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built up tolerance leads to worse withdrawal symptoms which means you become physiologically dependent on the drug which means you have become addicted YOU BETTER SEEK HELP MY FRIEND

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addiction cannot be cured, only treated
addiction is hereditary
addicted to drugs/substances or behavior, doesn't matter

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psychoactive drug... alters perception and mood

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psychoactive drug... alters perception and mood

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http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/mouse/

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people just have to be willing

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real hypnotists w/ a degree usually use it for THERAPY, mainly for pain management

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real hypnotists w/ a degree usually use it for THERAPY, mainly for pain management

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going into surgery, child birth, etc.

can be used for other things like quitting smoking or weight management

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recall childhood memories
age regression - person can go back to state of mind when they were younger and act as if they were that age
suggestibility

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dissociation (split in consciousness)
social effect: playing a role of someone hypnotized

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1. hypnotic induction - intense focus

2. posthypnotic suggestion where hypnotist gives patient things to think or do spontaneously outside of hypnosis

3. patient awoken

4. posthypnotic amnesia occurs where patient doesn't remember anything

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focused states
occur stop brain from going haywire practically
i.e. daydreaming is healthy and should occur every once in a while so your brain doesn't go insane

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recall
ordinary events
being chased!
bizarre things...  AMANDA
some in black and white, some in color
dreams = reflections of concerns during awake time

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1. from Freud: satisfy own wishes, unacceptable feelings exposed here ;)

dreams have manifest and latent content

2. information processing: file away memories, usually about past events
3. physiological function: restock the brain, develop and preserve neural pathways
4. neural activation theory: make sense of neural static, random visual memories/emotions active in limbic system and use of brain's visuals and dreams
5. cognitive development: dreams reflect cognitive development in that they reflect cognitive ability according to age (usually) --> dreams are more complex w/ more experience you have

simulate reality

control of dream content works top-down

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sleepwalking and sleep-talking most lightly occur in NREM

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sleepwalking and sleep-talking most lightly occur in NREM

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another name for night terror = incubus attack

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another name for night terror = incubus attack

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HA

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insomnia, narcolepsy, sleep apnea, night terrors

pills are NOT the answer silly goose
sleep apnea related to obesity
night TERRORS found in NREM-3, most common in children, different from nightmares

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weakens immune system
CAN CAUSE DROWSINESS WHILE DRIVING WHICH IS bad
depression
sleep loss cannot be paid off with one long night's rest

lack of rem sleep causes body/brain to want more REM sleep to play catch up --> REM rebound ... possible nightMARES

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sleep...
1. protects
2. helps us recuperate (recover from free radicals that cause neural damage) --> restores immune system
3. helps restore and rebuild fading memories: moves info from short term memory in hippocampus to long term
4. feeds creative thinking: can sole problems while ya sleep!!?!?!
5. supports growth: definitely during deep sleep -- pituitay gland, help w/ muscle memory

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sleep cycle = 90min
repeats

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beta waves = awake, high brain activity
NON REM:
stage 1 = light sleep, twilight phase - possible hallucinations, muscles relax, experience twitches, experience sensation of falling

alpha waves = relaxed, awake state, eyes closed, similar to beta waves but only slightly slower

stage 2 = slightly deeper sleep than before, eye movement decreases, breathing and heartrate slow, body temp decreases a little

theta waves = waves slowing down with rapid/rhythmic bursts of brain wave activity called sleep spindles

stage 3 = deep sleep, no eye movement, no muscle activity, very difficult to wake from, occurs more in children/less for adults b/c related to growth (also night terrors most common in this stage)

delta waves = large and slow brain waves associated with deep sleep --> low brain activity

REM
REM sleep = rapid eye movement and HIGH brain activity (dreaming), irregular breathing, increased heart rate, paradoxical b/c brain activity but no muscle activity, not a deep sleep

brain waves very similar to awake state b/c of so much brain activity

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infradian = seasonal, women menstrual cycle, animals' hibernation

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infradian = seasonal, women menstrual cycle, animals' hibernation

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circadian rhythm = 24 hour bio clock, includes awake and asleep

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circadian rhythm = 24 hour bio clock, includes awake and asleep

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w/in circadian rhythm = ultradian rhythm --> more than once a day

SLEEP CYCLE and its stages

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condition where person can respond to visual stimulus w/o consciously experiencing it

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mind = two tracked for  perceptions, memories, thinking, language, attitudes

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mind = two tracked for  perceptions, memories, thinking, language, attitudes

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focus
selective attention
dual processing - high road is reflective and low road is intuitive
inattentional blindness: failing to notice visible objects b/c attention is focused elsewhere
change blindness
change deafness

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https://quizlet.com/_2nf87w

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dual processing
conscious awareness and unconscious awareness --> dual processing

parallel processing = processing many aspects of problem simultaneously

natural mode for info processing

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cocktail party effect... like when your name is called from a crowd and your hear it perfectly / it catches your attention

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cocktail party effect... like when your name is called from a crowd and your hear it perfectly / it catches your attention

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exposure to light affects suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

SCN causes pineal gland to release melatonin or not

melatonin = sleep hormone

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most people do best with 7-9 hours of sleep (adults)

ppl growing need more

too little or too much is not good for you