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Middle aged adults are adults between 35 and 65 years of age. These ages are further broken down by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention or the CDC into groups of 35- to 44-year-olds, 45- to 54-year-olds, and 55- to 65-year-olds (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.588).

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Some of the changes that may occur for adults during middle age include an increased BMI, decreased cardiac output, decreased bone density and mass, kyphosis, decreased metabolism, constipation, cardiac changes, menopause, and regression of secondary sex characteristics (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.588-589).

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There has been an increase in life expectancy since 2001. There has also been a decrease in mortality specifically in 35- to 44-year-olds. In middle-aged adults the leading causes of death are accidents, cancer, and heart disease. In order to help patients understand these conditions and make the necessary changes, nurses are needed for health promotion (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.589).

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In middle-aged adults it is important to use health promotion techniques which are specific for this age group. Since the leading causes of death are accidents, cancer, and heart disease these are guidelines for health promotion (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.589).
Accidents - For accidents it is important to teach middle-aged adults about safety. This can be safety at home and work.
Cancer - In cancer it is important to teach the middle-aged adults about self-screenings. It is also important to teach smoking cessation, less alcohol consumption, and healthier eating to lessen the risk for cancer.
Heart Disease - With heart disease it is important to teach the middle-aged adult how to assess their blood pressure, healthy eating habits, and exercise (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.589).

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Other health promotion topics for middle-aged adults include access to health care, genetics, daily habits, risk factors, obesity, high saturated fat diet, lack of calcium and vitamin d; caffeine, high-sodium diet, alcohol abuse, oral health, elimination, activity, exercise, sleeping, intellectual ability, perceptual changes of the eyes, self-perception and physiological changes, roles and relationship changes, work, aging parents, divorce, death, sexuality issues, stress, and exposure to pollution, bacteria, and chemical agents such as tobacco (Edelman & Kudzma, 2017 p.591-608).

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What would be the best way to reach a large group of middle-aged adults to educate on health promotion?

What are some specific safety teaching topics for middle-aged adults that would be appropriate to reduce accident related deaths?

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Edelman, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2017). Chapter 23 Middle-Aged Adult. In Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span(9th ed., pp. 587–617). Mosby.

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Older adults are 65 years of age and older. Older adults are living longer and working longer, as a result of health promotion and advanced technology. In 2014,  23% of men and 15% of women 65 years or older are still working. According to preliminary data from the U.S. Census Bureau, an individual who was 65 years of age in 2010 could expect to live 19.2 years more, for a total of 84.2 years. Individuals aged 85 years in 2010 could expect to live 6.6 years more, for a total of  91.6 years (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 619). 

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Older adults are 65 years of age and older. Older adults are living longer and working longer, as a result of health promotion and advanced technology. In 2014,  23% of men and 15% of women 65 years or older are still working. According to preliminary data from the U.S. Census Bureau, an individual who was 65 years of age in 2010 could expect to live 19.2 years more, for a total of 84.2 years. Individuals aged 85 years in 2010 could expect to live 6.6 years more, for a total of  91.6 years (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 619). 

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According to O'Donnell (1987) health promotion has been defined as, "the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health" (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 74).

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According to O'Donnell (1987) health promotion has been defined as, "the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health" (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 74).

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Healthy People 2000 was developed in the United States to promote health and set objectives and goals for public health. The three main goals include an increased life span, reduction of health disparities, and preventative care for everyone (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018).

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Healthy People 2000 was developed in the United States to promote health and set objectives and goals for public health. The three main goals include an increased life span, reduction of health disparities, and preventative care for everyone (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018).

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According to Bonnie (2015) that biologically and psychologically, young adulthood is a fundamentally period of maturation and change, although the degree of change may seem less striking than the changes that occurred during childhood and adolescence. As just one example, the physical changes of the transition from childhood into adolescence are transformative, with bodies growing in dramatic bursts and taking on secondary sex characteristics as puberty unfolds. As young people move from adolescence into adulthood, physical changes continue to occur, but they are more gradual.

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Clinics and communities are an important part of health promotion and disease prevention. By identifying risk factors, screening, and educating adults we are detecting issues earlier, treating illnesses sooner, and reducing mortality rates (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018). 

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Clinics and communities are an important part of health promotion and disease prevention. By identifying risk factors, screening, and educating adults we are detecting issues earlier, treating illnesses sooner, and reducing mortality rates (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018). 

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Question: As a nurse, what are some ways you can contribute to health promotion within your community? 

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Question: As a nurse, what are some ways you can contribute to health promotion within your community? 

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Reference: Edelman, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2018). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (9th ed.). Elsevier. 

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Reference: Edelman, C. L., & Kudzma, E. C. (2018). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span (9th ed.). Elsevier. 

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Bonnie (2015) states that adolescence is a complex period characterized by substantial cognitive and emotional changes grounded in the unfolding development of the brain, as well as behavioral changes associated with basic psychosocial developmental tasks.
Many adolescents tend to be strongly oriented toward and sensitive to peers, responsive to their immediate environments, limited in self-control, and disinclined to focus on long-term consequences, all of which lead to compromised decision-making skills in emotionally charged situations  (Bonnie, 2015).

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The primary mechanisms underlying brain maturation through adolescence into adulthood are synaptic pruning, myelination, and neurochemical changes. Bonnie (2015) goes on to say that the Synaptic pruning refers to the programmed elimination of synaptic connections between neurons believed to support specialization of brain processes based on experience. After a proliferation of synaptic connections through childhood, when the gray matter thickens, a decline in synaptic connections occurs through adolescence and is believed to contribute to the thinning of gray matter that proceeds through adolescence.

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Young adults (ages 18 to 25) make up 22% of the United States population. The behavioral patterns established during these developmental periods help determine young people’s current health status and their risk for developing chronic diseases during adulthood (healthypeople.gov, 2020). Some important health and social problems either start or peak during these years:

Mental disorders

Substance use

Smoking/nicotine use

Nutrition and weight conditions

Sexually transmitted infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Teen and unintended pregnancies

Homelessness

Academic problems and dropping out of school

Homicide

Suicide

Motor vehicle collisions

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What are some good questions to ask, to allow a young adult to feel more comfortable with you, allowing them to express what they may feel or be going through?

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Adolescent health. Adolescent Health | Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/Adolescent-Health.
Bonnie, R. J. (2015, January 27). Young adults in the 21st Century. Investing in the Health and Well-Being of Young Adults. Retrieved November 29, 2021, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK284782/.

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Physical activity, such as walking, bicycling, and swimming, decreases arthritis pain, prevents frailty, and improves function, mood, and quality of life. Better physical function reduces the risk of falls and fall-related injuries and helps older adults stay independent (CDC, 2020). Regular physical exercise can also prevent chronic health problems associated with aging, such as hypertension, obesity, diabetes, and depression. A nurse who works with older adults must find ways to motivate them to promote health (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 627).

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Poor nutrition in older adults affects their overall health and also contributes to higher health costs. Nutritional assessment for an older adult includes a comprehensive approach that entails a health history, physical examination, laboratory data, dietary data, and measurement of functional status. The nurse who works in institutional settings must assess the older adult for food preferences and difficulties in eating and plan an appropriate menu to encourage eating (Edelman & Kudzma, 2018, p. 625).

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Clinical preventive services can prevent disease or find a disease early. These services include screening for chronic conditions, like cancer, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, and immunizations for diseases such as flu, pneumonia, and shingles. Clinical services also include counseling about personal health behaviors. Increasing the use of preventive services for older adults is a key public health strategy due to the rapid aging of the US population (CDC, 2020).

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How would you motivate an older adult to be physically active?

What are some ways you would encourage an older adult to eat?

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Edelman, C. & Kudzma, E. (2018). Health promotion throughout the lifespan (9th ed.). Elsevier.

Promoting health for older adults. (2020, September).  CDC Retrieved September 21, 2020, from https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/promoting-health-for-older-adults.htm