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In August of 1914, Canada utilized the federal War Measures Act, which was a law that granted the government more power during war times. This allowed the government to suspend the individual rights of “enemy aliens” for the better interest of Canada. Enemy aliens were citizens who were from countries legally at war with Canada residing in Canada. The government interned thousands of enemy aliens in internment camps between 1914-1920. The majority of these people were Ukrainian as Ukrain was split between their ally Russia and enemy Austria-Hungary. This caused many people of Ukrainian descent to carry identity papers proving to authorities they were loyal to Canada. The government also used to hire these internees on huge labor projects, paying them much less than a laborer’s rate would typically be at the time.

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As the war progressed, fewer people volunteered themselves to fight. The federal government decided in 1917 to conscript eligible young men in order to sustain the quantity of troops. This debate over conscription became very divisive in Canada’s political history. British immigrants, families of soldiers, and English-speaking Canadians who supported Prime Minister Borden were all pro-conscription. On the opposing side, French-speaking Canadians, unionized workers, and non-British immigrants were very against this decision. Conscription impacted the following election as it was a debate between Conservative Sir Robert Borden and Liberal Sir Wilfred Laurier. Many pro-conscription English-speakers supported Borden whereas his campaign did very poorly in the French-speaking regions.

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In 1917, the government wanted to acknowledge women’s contribution to encouraging conscription by extending the vote to certain women. It started with women serving in the Canadian Army Medical Corps and female relatives of men in the military. This also took away the vote from Canadians who immigrated from “enemy” countries.

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The federal election of 1917 held the highest stakes ever in Canadian political history. One party pushed for conscription, whereas the other was against it. This was a life or death decision in which Sir Robert Borden rigged the votes. He utilized the Wartimes Election Act to give the vote to those who were pro-conscription and take away the vote of immigrants who were anti-conscription. This election resulted in Borden’s favor.

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In 1918 the federal Department of Soldiers Re-establishment was founded. This provided returning veterans with medical treatment and vocational training, when the economy went down many veterans were left unemployed. The government had a difficult pension and benefits plan where veterans were receiving unequal treatment based on the severity of their trauma. Veterans didn't believe the government was doing enough, alongside many other Canadians they participated in the Winnipeg General Strike.

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After the war, many Canadian workers were struggling to provide for themselves. Unemployment was at an all-time high, especially for veterans returning home. Workers in Winnipeg staged many strikes to achieve better wages and working conditions but none proved successful. On May 15th, 1919 there was a general strike where almost 30,000 male and female workers left their jobs. This was the largest strike in Canadian political history. This resulted in the city shutting down as public employees such as police and firemen assisted their cause. The government acted quickly as they were scared strikes would break out in other cities. The federal government threatened to fire workers if they didn't immediately resume working and many members of the Central Strike Committee were arrested.

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Sir Robert Borden resigned in 1920. Throughout his political career, he impacted the country greatly. He was the one who fought for conscription and he also got the leaders of the Winnepeg General Strike arrested.

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In 1920 the government made residential schools mandatory under the Indian Act. Every indigenous child was forced to attend these residential schools and it was illegal for them to attend any other form of schooling.

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The Chinese Immigration Act of 1923 banned the entry of Chinese immigrants for decades. Every citizen of Chinese descent was forced to get an identity card within 12 months of the law being ruled. If they didn't comply with this they faced imprisonment or a fine of $500. The government saw this exclusion as a success as less than 50 Chinese immigrants were granted entry.

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The Persons Case was a fight for women to be able to be elected to the Senate. The members involved were a group of women’s rights activists by the name of the Famous Five. In 1928 the Supreme Court of Canada stated that women were not persons, referring to the Constitution Act, this resulted in them not being able to join the Senate. Later in 1929, the victory of the persons case allowed women to work in both the House of Commons and the Senate. It also alleviated the possibility of women being denied rights in the future.