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Q1: The users' responses to the video were more negative , positive or neutral?

positive: think this video was good and enlightening
neutral: think this video was mostly good, but can be better
negative: criticize the video or the ideas delivered in this video

Finding: Most of the users showed their disappointment with the video. However, there were more users on Bilibili who had positive or neutral attitudes toward the video.

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Q2: How did the users on different platforms show their disappointment with the video?

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Liu, Q., & McCormick, B. (2011). The media and the public sphere in contemporary China. boundary 2, 38(1), 101-134.

King, G., Pan, J., & Roberts, M. E. (2013). How censorship in China allows government criticism but silences collective expression. American Political Science Review, 326-343.

Shambaugh, D. (2017). China’s propaganda system: Institutions, processes and efficacy. In Critical Readings on the Communist Party of China,11(4) ,713-751.

https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1FV411d7u7?from=search&seid=7442246475888231227

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRzplsoYm0M&t=3s

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This research adopted content analysis to examine how have users on Bilibili and YouTube responded to the rear waves video.

I analyzed 50 top comments for each platform rather than randomly selecting comments under the video. The users' attitude toward this video could be divided into positive, negative, and neutral.

I divided my research question into :
(1) The users' responses to the video were more negative, positive or neutral?
(2) How did the users on different platforms show their disappointment with the video?
(3) Comparing with Youtube , did the censorship hinder users from expressing?

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Q3: Comparing with Youtube , did the censorship hinder users from expressing?

King and Roberts (2013) argued that Chinese censorship's main purpose was silencing collective expression (such as protest) rather than censoring all criticisms of the Chinese government.

After comparing the comments of Bilibili and YouTube (Question 02), I find this assumption might be correct. For example, some YouTube comments showcased the concern of the 1989 Tiananmen Square protests. On the other hand, some criticisms of Chinese policies and complaints about social inequality could be found in Bilibili users' comments.

I only selected the comments using simply Chinese because people from Hongkong and Taiwan adapt the traditional Chinese writing system. In this way, I can make sure all comments were written by people from mainland China.

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In Chinese Youth Day (4 May 2020), Bilibili (one of China's most popular media platforms) released a video, the rear waves, to develop their brand image. For attracting more potential users from different age groups, the film's producers collaborated with many Chinese mainstream presses such as Xinhua news agency, CCTV news, and People's Daily. This short film has gotten more than 270,000 comments, 29 million views, and 1.7 million likes.

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Bilibili献给新一代的演讲《后浪》

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As the main focus of Chinese economic reform was transforming the planned economy to the socialist market system, Chinese media has become an industry (Liu & McCormick, 2011). Therefore, some departments used to be run by state money were expected to be marketized (Liu & McCormick, 2011). Followed by the expansion of commercial entertainment, the propaganda departments have lost their influence (Shambaugh, 2017). The Chinese propaganda apparatus's capacity and efficacy have declined, although these departments have still significantly influenced information dissemination in every media platform (Shambaugh, 2017). As the challenges faced by the propaganda departments after the economic reform, the propagandists have used many methods to increase the power and efficacy of the propaganda apparatus. For example, they adopted a more emollient method, collaborating with non-governmental social media platforms or corporations.