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Castel Fiorentino in Torremaggiore is a ruin of an ancient city built around the year 1,000 by the high Byzantine official Basilio Baiohannes.

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The Umbra forest is located in the Gargano National Park and extends for about 400 hectares at an altitude of 800 meters. Here is the Zappino dello Scorzone, a Aleppo pine over 700 years old, among the largest and oldest in Italy. In the forests of the reserve there are many yew trees used in the past for the production of bows.

As for the ground animals, wolves, hares, squirrels, deer, fallow deer, foxes, badgers, wild cats, small rodents, wild boars, roe deer and weasels live here.

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Monte Sant'Angelo and the Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo

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Monte Sant'Angelo and the Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo

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The charming village of Monte Sant'Angelo, considered a World Heritage Site since 25 June 2011, with the Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo is the emblem of the religious history of the Lombards in Italy. According to tradition, it was built on the cave where the Archangel appeared in San Lorenzo Maiorano, bishop of Siponto between 490 AD.

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- Known all over the world for their exceptional shapes, the "trulli" are prehistoric buildings characterized by circular plants, strictly white dry stone walls, small windows and conical roofs. The "Trulli di Alberobello" create an entire urban area near Bari and are about 1500, some are still functional and used as hotels, restaurants and shops.

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List of UNESCO sites in Puglia: Castel del Monte, added in 1996.   The Trulli of Alberobello, inserted in 1996.                                                       The Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo, added in 2011.         Foresta Umbra Nature Reserve, added in 2017.                                Castel Fiorentino in Torremaggiore, listed in 2017. 

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List of UNESCO sites in Puglia: Castel del Monte, added in 1996.   The Trulli of Alberobello, inserted in 1996.                                                       The Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo, added in 2011.         Foresta Umbra Nature Reserve, added in 2017.                                Castel Fiorentino in Torremaggiore, listed in 2017. 

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- Located in the province of Bari, it was built by Emperor Frederick II in the 13th century. Castel del Monte is a unique example of medieval military architecture. Perfectly preserved, it is able to enchant visitors with its octagonal shape and eclecticism of its cultural elements and the mystery that still surrounds it today.

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Criterion II
The Ligurian Riviera di Levante between the Cinque Terre and Porto Venere is a cultural site of exceptional value that illustrates a traditional lifestyle that has existed for more than a thousand years and continues to play an important socio-economic role in the life of the community.

Criterion IV
The Ligurian coastal region from the Cinque Terre to Porto Venere is an exceptional example of a landscape where the layout and arrangement of the small villages, historically stratified, in relation to the sea, and the formation of the surrounding terraces that overcome the disadvantages of a steep uneven terrain, they tell the continuing story of man's settlement in this region over the last millennium.

Criterion V
Porto Venere, Cinque Terre, and the Islands (Palmaria, Tino and Tinetto) is a remarkable cultural landscape created by the efforts of man over more than a millennium in a harsh and dramatic natural environment. It represents the harmonious interaction between man and nature to produce a landscape of exceptional scenic quality.

Therefore, the macro-categories in which the site's attributes are divided can be summarized as follows:

The exceptional stage quality
The remarkable cultural landscape
The socio-economic role of the landscape and the traditional lifestyle
The usability of the territory

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Criteria for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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Criteria for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

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- Represent a masterpiece of the creative genius of man.
- Show an important interchange of human values over a long period of time or within a cultural area of the world, about developments in architecture, technology, monumental arts, urban planning and landscape design.
- To be a unique or exceptional witness to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation that is living or has disappeared.
- To be an extraordinary example of a building typology, an architectural or technological whole or a landscape that illustrates one or more important phases in human history.
- To be an exceptional example of a traditional human settlement, the use of territorial or marine resources, representative of a culture (or more cultures) or the interaction of man with the environment, especially when the same has become as a result of irreversible transformations.
- To be directly or materially associated with living events or traditions, ideas or beliefs, artistic or literary works endowed with exceptional universal significance.
- Present exceptional natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty or aesthetic importance.
- To be an extraordinary testimony of the main periods of the evolution of the earth, including testimonies of life, geological processes in place in the development of the physical characteristics of the Earth’s surface or significant geomorphic or physiographic characteristics.
- To be significant examples of important ecological and biological processes in place in the evolution and development of ecosystems and terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine plant and animal environments.
- To present the most important and significant natural habitats suitable for the in situ conservation of biological diversity, including those in which endangered species of exceptional universal value from the point of view of science or conservation survive.

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Unesco criteria. Umbria and Abruzzo sites list

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Unesco criteria. Umbria and Abruzzo sites list

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Standing in a large green expanse, Piazza del Duomo houses a group of monuments known the world over. These four masterpieces of medieval architecture – the cathedral, the baptistry, the campanile (the 'Leaning Tower') and the cemetery – had a great influence on monumental art in Italy from the 11th to the 14th century.
Criterion (i): Artistically unique because of its spatial design, the Piazza del Duomo contains four absolute architectural masterpieces: the cathedral, the baptistery, the bell tower and the Campo Santo. Within these monuments are such world-renowned art treasures as the bronze doors and mosaics of the cathedral, the pulpits in the baptistery and cathedral, the frescoes of the Campo Santo, and many others.

Criterion (ii): The monuments of the Piazza del Duomo considerably influenced the development of architecture and monumental arts at two different times in history. First, from the 11th century up to 1284, during the epitome of Pisa's prosperity, a new type of church characterized by the refinement of polychrome architecture and the use of loggias was established. The Pisan style that first appeared with the Cathedral can be found elsewhere in Tuscany (notably at Lucca and Pistoia), but also within the Pisan maritime territory, as shown in more humble form by the "pieve" in Sardegna and Corsica. Later, during the 14th century, architecture in Tuscany was dominated by the monumental style of Giovanni Pisano (who sculpted the pulpit of the Cathedral between 1302 and 1311), a new era of pictorial art - the Trecento - was ushered in after the epidemic of the Black Death (Triumph of Death, a fresco by Bonamico Buffalmacco at the Campo Santo, c. 1350).

Criterion (iv): The group of monuments of the Piazza del Duomo, composed of typical religious buildings constructed for distinct and specific functions, constitutes an outstanding example of medieval Christian architecture.

Criterion (vi): It was at the Cathedral of Pisa that Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), observing the oscillations of the bronze chandelier created by Battista Lorenzi, discovered at the age of 19 the theory of isochronism of small oscillations, a prelude to his pioneering work on dynamics. From the top of the campanile, he conducted experiments, which led him to formulate the laws governing falling bodies. Two of the principal buildings of the Piazza dei Miracoli are thus directly and tangibly associated with a decisive stage in the history of physical sciences.

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Criteria for selection of World Heritage Site

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Criteria for selection of World Heritage Site

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For a site to be inscribed on the World Heritage List, it must have exceptional universal value and meet at least one of the ten selection criteria illustrated in the Guidelines for the application of the World Heritage Convention. The criteria are regularly updated by the Committee to reclect the evolution of the concept of World Heritage itself.

(i) represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

(ii) exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

(iii) bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilisation which is living or which has disappeared;

(iv) be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

(v) be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

(vi) be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

(vii) contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

(viii) be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth’s history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

(ix) be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

(x) contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of Outstanding Universal Value from the point of view of science or conservation.

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Unesco World Heritage since 2021
Montecatini Terme, along with 10 other towns, is part of the Unesco transnational round-up of Great Spa Towns of Europe: fashionable resorts where the European spa phenomenon has been a forerunner for unique architectural types, and elaborate urban, social and cultural structures.

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Unesco World Heritage since 2013
Twelve villas and two gardens spread across the Tuscan landscape make up this site which bears testimony to the influence the Medici family exerted over modern European culture through its patronage of the arts. Built between the 15th and 17th centuries, they represent an innovative system of construction in harmony with nature and dedicated to leisure, the arts and knowledge. The villas embody an innovative form and function, a new type of princely residence that differed from both the farms owned by rich Florentines of the period and from the military might of baronial castles.
Criterion (ii): The Medici villas and gardens in Tuscany are testimony to a synthesis of the aristocratic rural residence, at the end of the Middle Ages, which made material a series of new political, economic and aesthetic ambitions. Villas and gardens formed models that spread widely throughout Italy during the Renaissance and then to the whole of modern Europe.

Criterion (iv): The Medici baronial residences provide eminent examples of the rural aristocratic villa dedicated to leisure, the arts and knowledge. Over a period spanning almost three centuries, the Medici developed many innovative architectural and decorative forms. The ensemble is testimony to the technical and aesthetic organisation of the gardens in association with their rural environment, giving rise to a landscape taste specific to Humanism and the Renaissance.

Criterion (vi): The villas and gardens, together with the Tuscan landscapes of which they are a part, made an early and decisive contribution to the birth of a new aesthetic and art of living. They are testimony to exceptional cultural and artistic patronage developed by the Medici. They form a series of key locations for the emergence of the ideals and tastes of the Italian Renaissance followed by their diffusion throughout Europe.

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Unesco World Heritage since 2004
The landscape of Val d’Orcia is part of the agricultural hinterland of Siena, redrawn and developed when it was integrated in the territory of the city-state in the 14th and 15th centuries to reflect an idealized model of good governance. The landscape’s distinctive aesthetics, flat chalk plains out of which rise almost conical hills with fortified settlements on top, inspired many artists. The inscription covers: an agrarian and pastoral landscape reflecting innovative land-management systems; towns and villages; farmhouses; and the Roman Via Francigena and its associated abbeys, inns, shrines, bridges, etc.
Criterion (iv): The Val d’Orcia is an exceptional reflection of the way the landscape was re-written in Renaissance times to reflect the ideals of good governance and to create an aesthetically pleasing picture.

Criterion (vi): The landscape of the Val d’Orcia was celebrated by painters from the Sienese School, which flourished during the Renaissance. Images of the Val d’Orcia, and particularly depictions of landscapes where people are depicted as living in harmony with nature, have come to be seen as icons of the Renaissance and have profoundly influenced the development of landscape thinking.

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Thanks to its morphological and geographical characteristics, the Sila Reserve hosts a wide variety of natural environments with different microclimates, which ensure a very important biodiversity throughout the biogeographical region of the Mediterranean and rich in rare endemic species.
It is a member of the "Man and Biosphere" Reserve Set

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The Codex Purpureus Rossanensis, dating from the V-VI century, is an evangelario in fine purple red parchment, was probably commissioned by a noble family for the use of very valuable materials and for that time very expensive.
It contains some intact and well-preserved miniatures describing the Gospel.
In 2015, it was recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, in the category Memory of the World as the most precious gospel present in the world.

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t was in this Tuscan town that Renaissance town-planning concepts were first put into practice after Pope Pius II decided, in 1459, to transform the look of his birthplace. This new vision of urban space was realized in the superb square known as Piazza Pio II and the buildings around it: the Piccolomini Palace, the Borgia Palace and the cathedral with its pure Renaissance exterior and an interior in the late Gothic style of south German churches.
Criterion (i): The application of the principle of the Renaissance “ideal city” in Pienza, and in particular in the group of buildings around the central square, resulted in a masterpiece of human creative genius.

Criterion (ii): The Historic Centre of Pienza, as the first application of the Renaissance humanist concept of urban design, was to play a significant role in subsequent urban development in Italy and beyond.

Criterion (iv): The buildings surrounding Pienza’s central square are an outstanding example of Humanist Renaissance design.

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'San Gimignano delle belle Torri' is in Tuscany, 56 km south of Florence. It served as an important relay point for pilgrims travelling to or from Rome on the Via Francigena. The patrician families who controlled the town built around 72 tower-houses (some as high as 50 m) as symbols of their wealth and power. Although only 14 have survived, San Gimignano has retained its feudal atmosphere and appearance. The town also has several masterpieces of 14th- and 15th-century Italian art.
Criterion (i): The Historic Centre of San Gimignano contains a series of masterpieces of 14th and 15th century Italian art in their original architectural settings, including: in the Cathedral, the fresco of The Last Judgment, Heaven and Hell by Taddeo di Bartolo (1393), The Martyrdom of St. Sebastian by Benozzo Gozzoli (1465) and above all the magnificent frescoes by Domenico Ghirlandaio such as the cycle of Santa Fina (1475) and the Annunciation in the Baptistery (1482). Other works of the same outstanding beauty include the huge frescoes by Benozzo Gozzoli depicting St. Sebastian (1464) and St. Augustine (1465).

Criterion (iii): San Gimignano bears exceptional testimony to medieval civilization since it groups together within a small area all the structures typical of urban life: squares and streets, houses and palaces, as well as wells and fountains. The frescoes by Memmo di Filippuccio commissioned by the township in 1303 to decorate the chambers of the Podestà in the Palazzo del Popolo are among the most frequently reproduced documents used to illustrate daily life of the early 14th century, down to its most domestic details.

Criterion (iv): The urban landscape of Florence, dominated by the towers of its public palazzos (Palazzo del Podestà and Palazzo della Signoria), shows that its public institutions prevailed over personal power. After 1250, the height of family tower houses was periodically reduced in the city. Whereas in San Gimignano, whose incastellamento goes back to 998, the 14 towers proudly rising above its palaces, preserve the look of a feudal Tuscan town controlled by rival factions ever ready for conflict. It illustrates a significant moment in history which cannot be found to the same extent in Florence, Sienna or Bologna despite the quality of their monuments.

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Siena is the embodiment of a medieval city. Its inhabitants pursued their rivalry with Florence right into the area of urban planning. Throughout the centuries, they preserved their city's Gothic appearance, acquired between the 12th and 15th centuries. During this period the work of Duccio, the Lorenzetti brothers and Simone Martini was to influence the course of Italian and, more broadly, European art. The whole city of Siena, built around the Piazza del Campo, was devised as a work of art that blends into the surrounding landscape.
Criterion (i): Through its urban and architectural characteristics, the historic centre of Siena is a testimony to human creativity and expresses human artistic and aesthetic capacity in material form.

Criterion (ii): The strong, personal example of artistic civilization, its architecture, painting, sculpture and town planning in particular had a very strong cultural influence not merely on the whole territory of the Republic of Siena but also in Italy and Europe, especially between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Criterion (iv): The structure of the town and its evolution, uninterrupted over the centuries, along with a unity of design that has been preserved, has made Siena one of the most precious examples of the medieval and Renaissance Italian town.

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Presso l'Università 'Guglielmo Marconi' di Roma, a coronamento di un anno di studio dedicato all'approfondimento di questi temi, si terrà un convegno internazionale frutto della collaborazione dell'Ateneo con la Federazione delle Associazioni Sarde in Italia e la Regione Autonoma della Sardegna.

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The Cathedral of Cosenza was recognized as a Heritage Witness of Culture of Peace by UNESCO in 2011.
It has been defined "a beacon for pilgrims from different countries to which it continues today to propose itself as a place of fraternal encounter".

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The Varia of Palmi is a folk Catholic feast in Palmi, a metropolitan city in Reggio Calabria. The fest is in honour of Maria Santissima della Sacra Lettera, the patronage and the protector of the city.
Since it has joined the UNESCO Intangible List it has started to be celebrated every year.
The Varia is a huge float high 16 meters and carried on the shoulders of 200 men, called Mbuttatri (carriers). On top of it, there are human figures who represent the Virgin, the Heavenly Father, the Apostles and the Angels.

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This is a wild area without human use on the boundary to Calabria on Jurassic limestone. It is located in the southern Apennines and it is an almost pure beech forest with up to 400-year-old beech trees and epiphytes.
The forest has joined the UNESCO list in 2017 as "an exceptional example of temperate and intact forest... a precious genetic reserve of beech trees".

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The 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in Tuscany

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A trip to explore the 7 Tuscan sites that are declared World Heritage Sites by UNESCO, the greatest of wonders of a surprising region.

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The last Apulian site that is part of the UNESCO Heritage list is the Umbra Forest, located in the Gargano National Park, which is part of the serial site "Primordial forests of the beeches of the Carpathians and other regions of Europe"which also includes the Abruzzo National Park, Molise and Lazio, Monte Cimino, the Pollino Park, the Bracciano-Martignano Park and the Parco delle Foreste Casentinesi.

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Another UNESCO site in Puglia, also since 1996, is Castel del Monte, which has an exceptional universal value for the perfection of its forms, the harmony and the fusion of cultural elements from Northern Europe, the Muslim world and classical antiquity. It is a unique masterpiece of medieval architecture, reflecting the humanism of its founder Frederick II of Swabia, who commissioned it in 1240.

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The second Apulian site of the UNESCO Heritage list is Alberobello, the "village of trulli", which has over 1000 trulli (houses built according to an ancient architectural technique of rural tradition) scattered on the steep streets of the districts. This site has been a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1996.

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There are four Apulian sites that are part of the UNESCO Heritage list and that can be discovered at the World tourism event, namely the World Tourism Fair of Padua (23-25 September), which promotes - for 12 years now - cultural tourism, conscious and sustainable. These are Monte Sant'Angelo, Alberobello, Castel del Monte and the Umbra Forest.

The charming village of Monte Sant'Angelo, considered a World Heritage Site since 25 June 2011, with the Sanctuary of San Michele Arcangelo is the emblem of the religious history of the Lombards in Italy. According to tradition, it was built on the cave where the Archangel appeared in San Lorenzo Maiorano, bishop of Siponto between 490 and 493.

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Criteria for inclusion on the UNESCO World Heritage List

(i)  To represent a masterpiece of man’s creative genius.

(ii) Show an important interchange of human values over a long period of time or within a cultural area of the world, about developments in architecture, technology, monumental arts, urban planning and landscape design.

(iii) To be a unique or exceptional witness to a living or vanishing cultural tradition or civilization.

(iv) To be an extraordinary example of a building typology, an architectural or technological whole or a landscape that illustrates one or more important phases in human history.

(v) To be an exceptional example of a traditional human settlement, the use of territorial or marine resources, representative of a culture (or more cultures) or the interaction of man with the environment, especially when the same has become as a result of irreversible transformations.

(vi) To be directly or materially associated with living events or traditions, ideas or beliefs, artistic or literary works endowed with exceptional universal significance.

(vii)  Present exceptional natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty or aesthetic importance.

(viii) To be an extraordinary testimony of the main periods of the evolution of the earth, including testimonies of life, geological processes in place in the development of the physical characteristics of the Earth’s surface or significant geomorphic or physiographic characteristics.

(ix) To be significant examples of important ecological and biological processes in place in the evolution and development of ecosystems and terrestrial, freshwater, coastal and marine plant and animal environments.

(x) Present the most important and significant natural habitats suitable for the in situ conservation of biological diversity, including those where endangered species of exceptional universal value from the point of view of science or conservation survive.

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The "Collemeluccio-Montedimezzo" Biosphere Reserve, recognized in 1977, is located in the province of Isernia, in central Italy, and includes two very large forests in a sub-montane area, with peaks over 1200 meters of altitude.

The main habitats include forests of silver firs, oaks, beeches and the inhabitants of the small villages scattered around the reserve are dedicated to agriculture. To traditional breeding and craftsmanship.

The landscape is characterized by reliefs, river and lake plains and some water sources and boasts the presence of numerous animal species, including the bespectacled salamander, the Italic frog, the gray wolf and the skunk.

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The "Bruno Molajoli" Civic Art Gallery of Fabriano was founded in 1862 and is located in the Hospital of Santa Maria del Buon Gesù. The picture gallery was named in 1988 to Bruno Molajoli, art historian of Fabriano and director of the Fine Arts in the 1960s.
The historical collection stands out above all for the section of medieval art which collects frescoes, tables and rare wooden sculptures from the second half of the 13th and 14th centuries.

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The museum handed down the tradition of paper production and inside we also find an important collection of ancient and modern watermarks.

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It is the birthplace of Raffaello, which has now become a museum in Urbino.

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The National Gallery of the Marche is an Italian state museum located in the Ducal Palace of Urbino.

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The Ducal Palace of Urbino is one of the most interesting architectural and artistic examples of the entire Italian Renaissance.  It is also the seat of the National Gallery of the Marche.

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The City of Urbino

The city awarded by Unesco in 1998 is Urbino, which stands out for its wonderful Renaissance historic center, inside which stands the fabulous Palazzo Ducale. Also near the city center is the headquarters of the National Gallery of the Marche.

Other unesco sites that we find in the Marche are the birthplace of Raphael, the Paper and Watermark Museum and the “Bruno Molajoli” Civic Art Gallery.

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Unesco criteria and Veneto-Friuli heritage sites list 

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Unesco criteria and Veneto-Friuli heritage sites list 

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The Dolomites

The site of the Dolomites comprises a mountain range in the northern Italian Alps, numbering 18 peaks which rise to above 3,000 meters and cover 141,903 ha. It features some of the most beautiful mountain landscapes anywhere

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the Pile-Dwelling Museum of Lake Ledro, discovered in 1929.

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The Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps was announced as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. The listing relates to 111 sites of stilt houses in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France and 20 sites in northern Italy.2 of them are in Trentino Alto-Adige/South Tyrol: 

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The Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps was announced as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. The listing relates to 111 sites of stilt houses in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France and 20 sites in northern Italy.2 of them are in Trentino Alto-Adige/South Tyrol: 

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-The Pile Dwellings in Fiavé on Lake Carera, Trentino, were also discovered in 1853, but its importance wasn’t recognized until the 1920s by Pirro Marconi.

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The Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps was announced as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. The listing relates to 111 sites of stilt houses in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France and 20 sites in northern Italy. 2 of them are in Trentino Alto-Adige/South Tyrol:

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The Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps was announced as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2011. The listing relates to 111 sites of stilt houses in the Alpine countries of Switzerland, Germany, Austria, Slovenia, France and 20 sites in northern Italy. 2 of them are in Trentino Alto-Adige/South Tyrol: