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What is RIDDOR?
RIDDOR is used to protect and collect all the information of all employers or people in work environments. When an individual has injured themselves or reported a serious accident that has happened at work they need to make sure they tell people like their manager, NHS etc. RIDDOR can help the HSAWA (health and safety at work act).

Their manager should report the incident that the individual has spoken about and make sure the NHS is aware of it so that they can track how many people happens to them daily. If there's a pattern with the specific accident that has happened to them, they can track it and try to reduce it happening to other people. They like to keep a record of the patterns so that they can reduce it, put more things into place, check the safety for it and test it.

Accidents/injuries that should be reported:
All accidents should be reported immediately to reduce people in the working place to not experience the same as them.
Death and injuries: If an individual has had a death or an injury related to their workplace it needs to be reported and any kind of dangerous occurrences. Dangerous occurrences could be:
-Someone falling off a ladder but not having any major injuries such as going to A&E or the hospital,
-Failure or collapse of an elevator or any kind of lifting equipment,
-Plant or equipment coming into contact with overhead power lines,
- The release of any kind of substance that can cause injury to another person.
All of these apply to all people that work in a working environment such as transport systems, mines, offshore workplaces etc.

What does RIDDOR stand for?
Reporting: Making sure that all the employers and people you hire in your work placement understand that they need to report any occurrences, injuries or accidents. Reporting can give statistics and percentages to help Public Health England to help the NHS to notice what is going up in the UK and how to manage more injuries in the workplace.

Injuries: These are the accidents and injuries that can occur on a daily basis. An injury can happen by falling, tripping, dropping something and just general damage to your body.

Diseases:  A disease is something that can have an effect to your body functioning and it is an abnormal condition. Diseases can be passed through contact and spread through bacteria. For example if two people are carrying something together and one person coughs or sneezes on the item and the other picks it up. They might touch their face without realising that they have picked up on what that person has passed on.

Dangerous: These people may work in dangerous circumstances and have constant injuries more than usual.

Occurrences: Event or incident occurring a lot in all kinds of different workplaces. "According to the HSE Workplace fatal Injuries in Great Britain 2019 report, most fatal injuries occur in the agriculture, forestry and fishing industry."  This suggests that most of the injuries happen in places that are more prone to accidents.

Regulations: This is a rule made and maintained by authority. It's important for everyone in that working environment to follow and understand the procedures.

Examples of incidents that have been reported under RIDDOR:
1.  General incident such as falling off a ladder or lifting equipment. The individual should immediately let their manager know and within 24 hours there will be a visit from someone from the team that will carry out an assessment to check if what happened is safe enough. This is to prevent it happening again and keep equipment sturdy.

2.  Serious burns resulting into having to get a skin graft or having to go into operation. You could get skin burns from using some machinery in the health and social sector. This could include scalding or anything to do with burning your eyes or body in general is damaging and could change your whole life.

3. You might have a death rate that is going up in the health sector job that you're doing, this may be for multiple reasons. This needs to be reported so that it can be put to the government that the location of your job has an increase of death rates. They will review the place and try to reduce the more deaths that happen. They will also make a record so that there is more information to be seen by the public so that they can see stats on how the death rates can be increasing or decreasing.

4.   Using harmful chemicals that may you have to inject into a service user or uses for apart of their treatment. You might accidently inhale the chemical or get it into your eyes or skin etc. This could make the practitioner become partly blind of affect them in a way that might stop them from doing their job. This needs to be reported to put in more rules or even more PPE to ensure that the workplace is safe for all individuals.

Keeping these records and tracking when every individual has an accident or incident can ensure that this is reduce and more safety is put into place to avoid more individuals getting hurt. If the workplace is not secure and safe, the rates of death and having more practitioners off their job, will affect service users getting all the treatment that they have the right to. They will be understaffed and trying to fill in which might develop more problems. It is important to keep the records as they can keep stats and figures of how many injuries occur weekly, monthly, yearly etc.

Incidents that need to be reported under RIDDOR:
-Deaths,
-Burns, scalding,
-Fractures other than toes or fingers,
-Amputations,
-Anything that may be related to either loosing your sight fully or a facture of it and if you loose your hearing,
-Any head injuries or any damage that can cause any harm to your vital organs,
-Gas accidents,
-Anything to do with loss of consciousness. This can be included into hypothermia or heat-induced illness. If you are admitted to hospital for more than 24 hours, this needs to be reported too.

When should you make a report under RIDDOR relating to COVID-19?
Employers should report their Covid case immediately. " Between April 2020 and April 2021, a total of 32,022 Covid-19 infections and 387 deaths were reported under RIDDOR, according to HSE’s database". (TUC, 2021). To keep Covid-19 under control and safe from other vulnerable service users that could potentially get the virus worse than you, its strongly advised to report under the government. This also means that to follow the government guide lines.

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What is COSHH:
COSHH stands for The Control Of Substances Hazardous Health and SHUD is Store Handle Use and Disposal. This shows the safest way of how to dispose substances and how to put them away properly.
It's important to use COSHH in the health and social care sector is we use dangerous and harmful substances and sometimes:
-Paint,
-Bleach,
-Dust,
-Natural materials may be harmful too.

Explain the employer's responsibilities under COSHH for a care home:
Care homes shouldn't be overlooked and a set of guidelines and requirements need to be suited for the employer. COSHH is vital in the care home because there must be steps to reduce visitors, residents, employees and hazardous substances on the premises.
To keep the care home safe and secure, protection such as PPE, understanding the importance of frequent risk assessments and monitor COSHH in care homes across the UK.

Explain the employee's responsibilities under COSHH in a HSC setting:
The employee's responsibility is to ensure that equipment is returned and stored properly. It is their right to report defects that may happen involving the workplace and making sure that controls are under measure.
Risk assessments are important to ensure that the health environment is safe for all individuals.

Identify and explore the 3 main stages of risk assessment, relating each stage to infection prevention and control:
The 3 main stages include, risk identification, risk analysis and risk evaluation.

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Occupational Disease You are notified by a doctor that one of your employees is suffering from a reportable work-related disease.
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An occupational disease is reportable if: (refer to list below which is not exhaustive and seek further guidance from your Health & Safety Team)
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Occupational Diseases are certain listed diseases that are attributed to work activities, including, but not restricted to:
▪ carpal tunnel syndrome;
▪ severe cramp of the hand or forearm;
▪ occupational dermatitis;
▪ hand-arm vibration syndrome;
▪ occupational asthma;
▪ tendonitis or tenosynovitis of the hand or forearm;
▪ any occupational cancer;
▪ any disease attributed
To an occupational exposure to a biological agent eg COVID-19 Whenever there is reasonable evidence suggesting that the disease was likely to have been caused by a work-related exposure. A doctor may indicate the significance of any work-related factors when communicating their diagnosis. For a disease to be reportable, it must be likely that it was caused or made worse by the person’s current work.  (NHS, n.d.)

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Wyatt, L. et al (2017) Extended Diploma in Health & Social Care. London: Hodder Education.

HSE (n.d.)

Types of reportable incidents. [online] Available from:

https://www.hse.gov.uk/riddor/reportable-incidents.htm  [Accessed 26.01.2022].

TUC (n.d.)

RIDDOR, Covid and under-reporting. [online] Available from:

https://www.tuc.org.uk/research-analysis/reports/riddor-covid-and-under-reporting [Accessed 09.03.2022].