# data[].attributes.body
Q1- What principle of design is used here? What are the 4 ways in which it can be created? – 3m

1. Rhythm

2. Repetition, coordination, radiation, parallelism

Q2. Explain the term 'balance' in a garment? (3m)
Ans.
1. Balance is the state of equilibrium. It is defined as equal distribution of weight from the central point of the garment. 2. A garment needs to be balanced both vertically (from the center line) and horizontally (from top to bottom).
3. It can be achieved in three ways—formal, informal, and radial. The elements of design- line, form, color, texture are considered while creating a balance in a dress.

Q3. What is the Proportion Of Golden Mean. Elaborate with an example. (5mrks).
Ans.
Proportion concern the relation of one part of an object to another. Relationship maybe created in size, color, shape and texture. They all need to be pleasingly related to each other and to the whole. This is generally based on the Proportion Of Golden Mean.

1. It is generally represented with ratios like 3:5:8 to 5:8:12.
2. The smaller part 3 has same relationship to larger part 5 and as 5 has to 8 whole.
3. Garment is horizontality divided into 3:5, 5:8 or 8:13 section.
4. These sections appear at the waistline, yoke and hemline.
5. A dress appears pleasing if the blouse, skirt and total body represents the ratio of 3:5:8. For example, in skirt and blouse dress, blouse represents 3, skirt should represent 5 and combined it is 8.

Q4- How is emphasis described?  (2m)

Ans. The emphasis or focal point of the garment is the area that first attracts the viewer’s eye. It adds interest to the garment and may be created by the use of color, design lines, detailing or accessories.

Q5- Explain how people with figure problems can emphasize or camouflage their figure problems with example. (3m)

Ans. People with figure problems can emphasize or camouflage their figure problems, for example, a woman with a small waist can wear a bright and contrasting belt to emphasize the positive part of her figure, whereas a woman with large hips, wearing a hip belt or other design details at the hip area would highlight it further.

Q6- What is composition? Why is it important? (2m)
Ans.

1. A composition is defined as an artwork or concept developed by the arrangement or placement of elements of design and applying principles of designs in the best possible way in a given space.

2. It is important because it helps to benefit the final artwork and also gives it a good visual appeal.

Q7- How does a creator create a composition? (3m)
Ans.

1. A composition is defined as an artwork or concept developed by the arrangement or placement of elements of design and applying principles of designs in the best possible way in a given space.

2. To create a composition, the creator can select two or three principles of designs befitting best to the requirement of the final artwork and good visual appeal.

3. It is a play of elements of design in a given space which can be 2-Dimensional or 3-Dimensional.

Q8. “The field of Design for Fabric and Apparel has expanded and has become
so vast that it can actually be considered as two specialisations.” Explain.

Ans.

1. Fabric has found usage in numerous things other than apparel and household;
and apparel is using material other than just fabric.

2. Each use has specific requirements in terms of appearance and durability, and the cost
allocations.

3. The fabric designer, thus, has to have a thorough knowledge of fiber characteristics, its advantages and limitations and its processing, which can help achieve the desired results.

4. He/she must have a sound knowledge of the dyeing properties of different fibers and fabrics.

5. Depending upon the requirements of the final product, he/she decides the stage and
technique of colour application.

6.He/she also understands the principles of design.

Q9- Design industry is a vibrant, varied and dynamic creative sector that plays a powerful and important role in several areas of our lives and it is supported by textile design which is increasing in popularity. Elaborate. (4m)
Ans.
-Design is a big industry and developing field. It's most important aspect lies in integrating the aesthetic aspect of good design with the utility of the object that has been created.
-Working in textile or fabric design develops awareness of the changing trends and styles and an ability to produce designs that are fresh, current or even ahead of the fashion curve.
-Textile designs for apparel fashion tend to have a quicker turnaround than designs for furnishing.
-Textile designers work in industry— researching and producing designs for textiles companies or fashion houses, but they might also work for a design agency or as freelancers.

Q10- What is Formal Balance? How to achieve Formal Balance? (3-4 marks)

Ans.

1. The appearance of a symmetrical human body, which means the body appears to be the same on each side of a central vertical line.

2. Two arms, two eyes, two legs are seen on either side of the central axis; but actually slight differences still occur.

3. If the body differs noticeably on one side, carefully designed clothes can minimize the difference.

4. Formal balance gives a feeling of stability, dignity, and formality but tends to get monotonous.

Q11- What is the least expensive type of design found in fabric? (2-3 marks)

Ans.

Formal vertical balance is the least expensive and most expected type of design, found on less expensive garments.

Q12. Upasana is wearing a salwar kameez. State two ways each by which you can check harmony and balance in this dress.(3-4 marks)

Ans.

The two ways are:

(i) Harmony

1. Harmony can be checked in the kameez by the hem length of the sleeves being the same as the bottom hem of the garment.

2. If the style liners in both the salwar and kameez are matching.

3. If there are any prints on the kameez, the prints should be aligned on both sides of the dress.

(ii) Balance

1. If the kameez has equal elements on both sides of an imaginary vertical centre line.

2. These may be motifs, patterns or prints.

3. The salwar can have gathers radiating from a central focal point to give radial balance.

# data[].attributes.body
Q1. Define texture based on how it looks, behaves and feels. (3m)

Texture based on how it looks :-
1. It can be shiny
2. It can be dull
3. It can be opaque, transparent or translucent
4. It can be dense
5. It can be glossy
Texture based on how it behaves :-
1. It can hang limp
2. It can be stiff
3. It can stick out
4. It can cling
5. It can flow out
Texture based on how it feels :-
1. It can be soft
2. It can be crisp
3. It can be harsh
4. It can be smooth or rough
5. It can be coarse, grainy or pebbly

Q2. What does shape refer to in fabric and apparel? Define any two basic types of shape. (4m)

Ans: Shape and form represent the following in:
(i)Fabric- It represents the fall or drape of the material; to the shape of ornamentation and motifs; and the type of placement or repeat i.e. the final pattern formation.
(ii)Apparel- It represents the silhouette, cut, and final detailing.
The different types of shapes are:
(ii)Stylised shapes are simplified or modified natural shapes. They may have some part distorted or exaggerated.
(ii)Geometric shapes are those that can be mathematically formed, or gives a similar impression. They can be formed by using rulers, compasses, or other measuring instruments.

Q3. What is a line? Name and describe the 2 types of lines? (2marks)

1. Lines is defined as a mark that connects two points. Line is used to define the shape or different parts of a silhouette of a design. Line and shape are two elements that create the pattern or plan of every design.

There are 2 types of Lines straight line and curved line

1. Straight lines: The straight lines is a rigid unbroken line. Straight lines create different effect depending on their direction. They can also express mood.

2. Curved lines: The curved line is one with any degree of roundness. The curved line can be a arc or a complicated free hand curve. A slight degree of roundness is called restrained curve and a great degree of roundness gives a circular curve. For example: Parabola, hairpin, whiplash

Q4. List the factors which determine the texture of textile materials (2m)

1) Fibre content — fibre type (natural or man-made), its length and fineness and its surface characteristics

2)Yarn processing and yarn type — method of processing, twist inserted during processing, fineness of the yarn and yarn type (simple, complex, novelty or textured)

3) Fabric construction technique — weaving (type of weave and its compactness), knitting, felting, braiding,  lace-making etc.

4) Fabric finishes — stiffening (starching, sizing or gumming), ironing, calendaring and tentering, napping, fulling

Q5. Explain the 3 different types of straight line? Also give 3 features of curved lines?

1) Vertical lines stress up and down movement, emphasis height and give the effect that is severe, dignified and reserved.

1)      Horizontal lines stress side to side movement and create a illusion of width. Since they repeat the ground line, they give a stable and placid effect.

2)      Oblique or diagonal lines increase or decrease width and height depending on the degree and direction of angle. They can create an active, startling or dramatic effect.

3 features of a curved lines are:

1)      Long and flowing curved lines appear most graceful and rhythmic.

2)      Large rounded curves lend a dramatic touch and tend to exaggerate size.

3)      Tiny, puffy curves are youthful and gay.

# data[].attributes.body
Q) Explain design analysis and its two aspects. (4m)

A) Design is an arrangement according to a plan for creating a desired object. It is studied in 2 aspects (i) Structural and (ii) Applied.

1. Structural design is that which depends on form and not superimposed ornamentation.
2. In fabric production, it takes into account the basic processing of fibre, types of fibres and yarns, variations of weaving, knitting etc. and the stages at which colour is added.
3. In dress, it refers to the basic cut or silhouette of the garment

1.  Applied design is the part of the design which has been super imposed on the basic structure.
2. On fabric finishes, dyeing and printing, embroidery and fancy needle-work can change the appearance.
3. On garments, it includes trims and notions (fasteners) which add to the value of the final product

Q) List the elements of design and principles of design. (2m)

A) 1. The elements of design are colour, texture, and line, shape or form.

2. The principles of design are harmony, balance, rhythm, proportion and emphasis.

Q) Explain how colour is an important aspect of design. (3m)

A)  1. Colour is all around us in many forms. The identity of the product is most often attributed to colour.

2. Everyone responds to colour and has definite preferences. Colour reflects the season, events and the spirit of people.

3. Colour is an important part of Fashion. Designers carefully choose fabric colours to make a definite statement.
Q-what is the difference in application of Applied Design in garments and fabric finishes?
1. In garments, it includes trims and notions which add to the value of the final product.
2.In fabric finishes, dyeing and and printing, embroidery and fancy needle-work can change the appearance.
Q) what is structural design? (2m)
Structural design depends on form and not superimposed ornamentation. In fabric production, it takes account the basic processing of fibres, types of fibres and yarns, variations of weaving, knitting .etc. In dress it refers to the basic cut or silhouette of the garment.

# data[].attributes.body
Q1. What are Tertiary colors or intermediates? Give example. (2M)

Ans.

1. Tertiary colors are made by mixing one primary and one secondary color, lying adjacent to each other on the color wheel.

2. Eg. Red-orange, yellow-range, yellow-green, blue-green, blue purple and red-purple.

Q2. Dyeing rarely done at which stage and Why? (1M)

Ans.

Dyeing is rarely done at the fibre stage because it proves to be the most expensive process.

Q3. What are achromatic colors (neutral colors)? (1M)

Ans.

1. These are the colors without color.

2. Examples: White, black, grey, silver, metallics.

Q4. What are the roles played by a Textile designer? (2M)

Ans.

1. Textile designers need to have a sound knowledge of the dyeing properties of different fibers and fabrics.

2. Depending upon the requirements of the final product, they decide the stage and technique of color application.

Q5. Define Chroma. Why is Pantone Shade Card used.(2M)
Ans.

1. Chroma or intensity is the brightness or purity of color.

2. The Pantone Shade Card shows all possible hues, tints and shades in varying intensities.

3. Each has been given a code number, which is recognized internationally.

4. This helps in Fashion Forecasting and when orders for products are given in foreign lands.

Q6. Stages of fabric production when color is added give a vast range of designs. Explain the different stages in detail.(4M)

Ans.

1. Dyeing is very rarely done at the Fibre stage, because it  proves to be the most expensive process. However it is resorted to for some manufactured fibers which are not easily dyed or if the design requirement is for a yarn with multicolored fibers.

2. Dyeing done at Yarn stage helps to create multifarious designs. Woven stripes, checks, plaids, or even simple chambrays are common designs produced. Brocade and Jacquard patterning is produced by weaving dyed yarns. When yarns are tie-dyed it results in beautiful Ikat patterns.

3. Dyeing at Fabric stage is the most common method. It may be done to produce simple single colored fabrics and also as designed materials through tie and batik.

4. Color can also be added at the fabric stage by painting, printing, embroidery and patch or appliqué work. Here the color application can be in any shape or form.

Q7. How do people identify different colors? Explain briefly with an example. (2M)

Ans.

1. The color that is observed by the brain is dependent on the particular wave length or combination of wave lengths of the light source.

2. Most people with normal eyesight can recognize the values and intensities of different hues, and give them names like ruby red, brick red etc.

Q8. In today's world, when there is international trade in a large number of goods a system of names is devised, name this system and its advantage? (2M)

Ans.

1. This system is called pantone shade card, It shows all possible hues, tints and shades in varying intensities.

2. Each has been given a code number, which is recognized internationally.

3. This helps in Fashion Forecasting and when orders for products are given in foreign lands.

Q9. Why is dyeing done at the fibre stage? (2M)

Ans.

1. Dyeing is rarely done at the fibre stage as it proves to be an expensive process.

2. However it is done for some manufactured fibers which are not easily dyed.

3. It also done when the design requirement is for a yarn with multi colored fibers.

Q10.  What are the different methods in which color can be added at the fabric stage? (2M)

Ans.

1. Dyeing at the fabric stage is the most common method. It may be done to produce simple single colored fabrics and also as designed materials through tie and batik.

2. Color can also be added at the fabric stage by painting, printing, embroidery and patch or appliqué work.

3. The color application can be in any shape and form.

Q11. Define the terms 'Grey Scale' and 'Value Chart'. (2M)

Ans.

1. Value describes lightness or darkness of a hue, which is referred to as tint or shade. Grey Scale and Value Chart are 11 (0-10) grades scale for judging value.

2. It shows 0 for black, 10 for white and 5 as mid-value for grey or hue.

3.  When the hue approaches white, it is a tint; when it approaches black it is a shade.

4. Grey Scale also helps us to judge the equivalent value of any hue.

Q12. Define the term 'value' with the help of examples. (2M)

Ans.

1. Value describes lightness/darkness of a hue, which is referred to as tint or shade.

2. Eg- White has maximum value, while black has least.

Q13. How are colors names derived? (3M)

Ans.

1. Color names are derived from natural sources—flowers, trees, woods; food, fruits, vegetables, spices; birds, animals, fur; stones and metals, minerals earth; pigments and paints; among many others.

2. In each group you may be able to see reds and pinks, yellows and orange, purples and violet, blues, greens, browns and greys.

3. Names often have regional flavor. Thus a name of one area may not mean the same to the people of another area.