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A text written by abolitionists about enslaved children and for free children entitled  "The child's anti-slavery book: containing a few words about American slave children and stories of slave life."

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A text written by abolitionists about enslaved children and for free children entitled  "The child's anti-slavery book: containing a few words about American slave children and stories of slave life."

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Its hard to remember but slavery was about all black persons in the American South - even babies and kids. This text was written to be read by free kids in the North about their peers - enslaved children - in the South.

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://www.nps.gov/articles/african-american-children.htm

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A Poem entitled "The Negro Woman's Appeal To Her White Sister"

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A Poem entitled "The Negro Woman's Appeal To Her White Sister"

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The author of this poem is unknown - it was published in an abolitionist text printed in London in 1850. Remember - the United Kingdom ended slavery in its territories decades before the USA but it’s people continued to pressure the American public and the American South during the civil war to end slavery.

For more information about the historical context of this text:
revealinghistories.org.uk/the-american-civil-war-and-the-lancashire-cotton-famine/articles/the-american-civil-war-and-european-anti-slavery.html

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Excerpts from a Sermon Preached by a Pro-Slavery Priest

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Excerpts from a Sermon Preached by a Pro-Slavery Priest

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Remember that Christianity was very powerful in the USA and especially in the South. Priests/ pastors preached sermons every sunday and almost all people went to church - so what they said was heard by everyone. They almost all supported slavery in the American South - and thus Christians were responsible for many of the evils that happened during slavery.

For more information about the historical context of this sermon read here: https://www.christianitytoday.com/history/issues/issue-33/why-christians-supported-slavery.html

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Pro-Slavery Sermon (IDU L&L WH FA-1) (Spring 2022)

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Excerpts from Frederick Douglass' famous speech "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?"

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Excerpts from Frederick Douglass' famous speech "What to the Slave is the 4th of July?"

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Remember, the "Fourth of July" is America's Independence Day. A day in which white Americans celebrated liberty and equality even before the slaves had been freed.

For more information about the historical context of this speech: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_to_the_Slave_Is_the_Fourth_of_July%3F

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In the American South there was a large movement against the Abolitionist movement - the Pro-Slavery movement. Men like this wrote texts explaining why, in their warped and evil opinion, slavery was actually good.

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Fitzhugh

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Excerpts from "Uncle Tom's Cabin" - a powerful book about the evils of slavery.

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Excerpts from "Uncle Tom's Cabin" - a powerful book about the evils of slavery.

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The author of this book, Harriet Beecher Stowe, was a staunch abolitionist. Her book was so popular and powerful that it is said that Abraham Lincoln told the author, when he met her, that she was "the little old lady that started this big war [the Civil War]".

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Tom%27s_Cabin

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A speech by Soujourner Truth advocating both women's rights and blacks' rights

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A speech by Soujourner Truth advocating both women's rights and blacks' rights

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Remember that the 1800s in the USA was not only a time with lots of racism but also lots of sexism. This speech was very radical for its time because the speaker - a formerly enslaved woman - is advocating that women be treated the same as men.

For more information about the historical context of this sermon read here: https://www.nps.gov/articles/sojourner-truth.htm

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A text written by a black person for black people 30 years before the Civil War - Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829

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A text written by a black person for black people 30 years before the Civil War - Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829

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Remember even free blacks had hard lives living in the North due to excessive racism of all Americans not just Southerners.

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Walker_(abolitionist)

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David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829
David Walker was the son of an enslaved man and a free Black woman. He traveled widely before settling in Boston where he worked in and owned clothing stores and involved himself in various reform causes. In 1829, he wrote the remarkable Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World. In it, he exposed the hypocrisies of American claims of freedom and Christianity, attacked the plan to colonize Black Americans in Africa, and predicted that God's justice promised violence for the enslaving United States.
Having travelled over a considerable portion of these United States, and having, in the course of my travels, taken the most accurate observations of things as they exist-the result of my observations has warranted the full and unshaken conviction, that we, (coloured people of these United States,) are the most degraded, wretched, and abject set of beings that ever lived since the world began; and I pray God that none like us ever may live again until time shall be no more. They tell us of the Israelites in Egypt, the Helots in Sparta, and of the Roman Slaves, which last were made up from almost every nation under heaven, whose sufferings under those ancient and heathen nations, were, in comparison with ours, under this enlightened and Christian nation, no more than a cypher-or, in other words, those heathen nations of antiquity, had but little more among them than the name and form of slavery; while wretchedness and endless miseries were reserved, apparently in a phial, to be poured out upon our fathers, ourselves and our children, by Christian Americans!

... But against all accusations which may or can be preferred against me, I appeal to Heaven for my motive in writing-who knows what my object is, if possible, to awaken in the breasts of my afflicted, degraded and slumbering brethren, a spirit of inquiry and investigation respecting our miseries and wretchedness in this Republican Land of Liberty!!!!!!

...Will any of us leave our homes and go to Africa? I hope not. Let them commence their attack upon us as they did on our brethren in Ohio, driving and beating us from our country, and my soul for theirs, they will have enough of it. Let no man of us budge one step, and let slave-holders come to beat us from our country. America is more our country, than it is the whites-we have enriched it with our blood and tears. The greatest riches in all America have arisen from our blood and tears:-and will they drive us from our property and homes, which we have earned with our blood? They must look sharp or this very thing will bring swift destruction upon them. The Americans have got so fat on our blood and groans, that they have almost forgotten the God of armies. But let them go on...

I also ask the attention of the world of mankind to the declaration of these very American people, of the United States. A declaration made July 4, 1776. It says, "When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the Powers of the earth, the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them. A decent respect for the opinions of mankind requires, that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.-We hold these truths to be self evident-that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights: that among these, are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ...." See your Declaration Americans!!! Do you understand your own language? Hear your language, proclaimed to the world, July 4th, 1776-"We hold these truths to be self evident-that ALL MEN ARE CREATED EQUAL!! that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness!!" Compare your own language above, extracted from your Declaration of Independence, with your cruelties and murders inflicted by your cruel and unmerciful fathers and yourselves on our fathers and on us-men who have never given your fathers or you the least provocation!!!!!!

Now, Americans! I ask you candidly, was your sufferings under Great Britain, one hundredth part as cruel and tyranical as you have rendered ours under you? Some of you, no doubt, believe that we will never throw off your murderous government and "provide new guards for our future security." If Satan has made you believe it, will he not deceive you? Do the whites say, I being a black man, ought to be humble, which I readily admit? I ask them, ought they not to be as humble as I? or do they think that they can measure arms with Jehovah? Will not the Lord yet humble them? or will not these very coloured people whom they now treat worse than brutes, yet under God, humble them low down enough? Some of the whites are ignorant enough to tell us that we ought to be submissive to them, that they may keep their feet on our throats. And if we do not submit to be beaten to death by them, we are bad creatures and of course must be damned, &c. If any man wishes to hear this doctrine openly preached to us by the American preachers, let him go into the Southern and Western sections of this country-I do not speak from hear say-what I have written, is what I have seen and heard myself. No man may think that my book is made up of conjecture- I have travelled and observed nearly the whole of those things myself, and what little I did not get by my own observation, I received from those among the whites and blacks, in whom the greatest confidence may be placed.

The Americans may be as vigilant as they please, but they cannot be vigilant enough for the Lord, neither can they hide themselves, where he will not find and bring them out.

David Walker, An Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (Boston: 1830), 3-4, 73, 84, 86.
Available through Documenting the American South, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

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David Walker's Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World, 1829

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David Walker was the son of an enslaved man and a free Black woman. He traveled widely before settling in Boston where he worked in and owned clothing stores and involved himself in various reform causes. In 1829, he wrote the remarkable Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World.

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A speech given by Henry Garnet calling for the slaves to revolt (1843)

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A speech given by Henry Garnet calling for the slaves to revolt (1843)

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Even while most white abolitionist refused to resort to violence to achieve the end of slavery - black abolitionists were less hesitant. This is a speech that was given at a meeting of many famous black abolitionists - and it was almost approved as their official message to enslaved persons in all of the USA at that time - 1843.

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Highland_Garnet

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(1843) Henry Highland Garnet, _An Address to the Slaves

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Techniques of Powerful Communication: Ethos, Pathos & Logos

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Techniques of Powerful Communication: Ethos, Pathos & Logos

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If you're having trouble remembering the techniques - this PDF can help!

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O - Origin (where did it come from/ who wrote it and when?)

P - Purpose (Why did they write it? What was their intended audience?)

C - Content (What does it say? What point of view does it show?)

V - Value (What does it add to our historical knowledge of the time?)

L - Limits (What are aspects of this source that limit what it can tell us about the past?)

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Excerpts from a Pro-Slavery Speech given by Jefferson Davis - a Southern politician

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Excerpts from a Pro-Slavery Speech given by Jefferson Davis - a Southern politician

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Jefferson Davis was a Southerner and US Senator for many years before the Civil War started. After the War started he became the president of the Southern States. He always defended slavery as "not that bad" as a politician.

For more information about the historical context of this text: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jefferson_Davis#Senator

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

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Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

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Logos is utilized in the form of religious practices and the logic that appeals to Christianity and the bible.
"Alike are his children in his holy sight - who formed and redeems both the black and the white"
"All who love and obey him he ranks in his fold"
"Do justly I hear is the sacred command - then why steal poor negro from his native land?"
"assuming a power that God never gave, the practice of sin will the heart more deprave:.

Pathos, mainly appealing to the "ladies" - the women.
"This poor heart is breaking with sorrow and grief"... the proceeding Description of hard and physically impossible labor that the author is forced to complete. The semantic group is filled with a negative connotation of anguish and despair, "pain", "tears", "grief", "torture".

The comes pathos generated by the suffering of small children, and a plea to all women who have experienced maternal love for their own children.
"My babies are crying beneath the tall trees".
"They are roving alone, no hand to conduct them - to keep them at home - to sooth them - to hush them to peace."
Vivid visual imagery is described, describing the torture and pain and then juxtaposing that to the fragile and small feautures of children, for example, "small hand", "cheeks with tears". This enhances the impact of violent visual imagery and this increases the discomfort and pity experienced by the reader.

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Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

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Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

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Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

# data[].attributes.headline
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.subject
Analyze as a piece of literature - looking for ethos, pathos & logos!

# data[].attributes.body
Find specific instances of ethos, pathos and logos in these texts. Copy them here. (Remember not all of these texts will have all of these types of powerful communication techniques). Then give an overall appraisal of what type of communication techniques this author uses and how successful they were at using them.

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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Author is unknown, however, suspected to be an African American woman who used to be enslaved or personally experienced the traumatic experience of segregation, discrimination, and slavery. The photo above is an extract from a newspaper published by Richard Barrete, Printer, Mark Lane in London. The purpose of the current publication was to progress the Abolitionists broadside, characteristic in the propaganda war against slavery created by the UK and targeted towards the southern states of America. the target audience of said historical text are women, this being supported by the various instances of pathos appealing towards women, specifically searching for their sympathetic feeling as wives and mothers for the plight of slave women. Henceforth, the source above is a poem about the traumatic experience of slavery, especially for women, and the cruelty one is subjected to simply due to the color of their skin. This source expands our knowledge of how, even in 1850's, there were actors that tried to stop the development of slavery in America, and the method of doing so proves to be primarily built on pathos. This source helps us realize that the way the public was reached was through pity and sympathy, especially judging from the writing above the poem that states "This Books tells man not to be cruel. Oh! That massa would read this book". The fact that it was published in a local newspaper suggests increased validity of the poem as a historical source, helping us understand what information was spread throughout the masses of that specific time period, considering that newspapers were well-read and mass spread through various different social groups. On the other hand, our lack of knowledge on the true author of this poem slightly decreases the specificity and validity of this historical source, as one cannot fact-check the origin and legitimacy of the poem's pathos. Antislavery broadside created and published in London, 1850.Abolitionists broadside appealing to women for their sympathetic feeling as wives and mothers for the plight of slave women who might be separated from their husbands or children.Invoking powerful imagery, such as the supplicating figure shown in this broadside, were intended to appeal to the sisterhood of all women. Variations of this image appeared in various abolitionist newspapers, broadsides and goods sold at fund raising fairs.

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Do a quick analysis of this source as a historical document

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If we assume that the author of this text is an African American woman that has been enslaved, this point of view is that of a person that personally experienced the traumatic consequences of discrimination and segregation, most probably in America considering the status of UK in that time period. What makes this perspective unique is that it shows women that is part of the general mass, and she thus represents the thousands of other African American women that experienced similar traumatic experiences however their story simply went untold and ignored. Instead of being someone with ulterior motives or political gain, the origin of this historical source is honest and simply pleas for peace and understanding.

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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What point of view is given in this text and what might be unique about it - that might make it even more powerful messag!

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1. Appealing to the emotional side of the audience. Pathos.
2. Appealing to logic, and religious ideologies
3. Use of Personal pronouns, making the audience part of a group, using "we" to describe unity and a community.
4. Deceit and lies