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https://docs.google.com/a/granbyschools.org/document/d/1PckSYFjwsCbr7Fj5Rc-qIw7_IkBA2aWlW4iisVcJrKw/edit?usp=sharing

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Theophile de Bordeu proposed (correctly) that some organs secrete substances into the blood to affect other organs. This later gave rise to the studies of endrocrinology and hormonology.

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Caspar Friedrich Wolff laid the groundwork for modern embryology.

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Lazzaro Spallanzani studied fertilization and refuted the theory of spontaneous generation.

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Pierre Prevost concluded that cold was the absence of heat. Prevost also thought that heat was an invisible fluid.

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1714
Gabriel Fahrenheit created a mercury-filled thermometer based on the boiling and freezing points of water.
1742
Anders Celsius created a similar thermometer but separated the intervals in 100 equal divisions.

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Christopher Coulomb showed that electrical and magnetic force depends on size and distance.

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Benjamin Franklin suggested the idea of positive and negative charges. Franklin also (incorrectly) proposed that electricity is caused by the exchange of an invisible fluid.

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1786
Luigi Galvani discovered electrostatic impulses.

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1752
Albrecht von Haller concluded that muscle fibers contracted independently of the nerves around it. Haller also showed that nerves carry impulses which cause sensation.

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1751
Robert Whytt stated that only a small part of the spinal chord was necessary for reflexes and that they could be destroyed when cranial nerves were severed. Whytt was the first to describe teberculosis meningitis in children.

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Early 1700s
Stephen Hales discovered a connection between the spinal chord and reflexes and suggested that muscle movement had electrical origin. Hales used animals to test his theories.

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Abraham Werner and James Hutton both believed that erosion played a major role in the formation of Earth's surface.
Hutton also believed that volcanoes played an equally important role.

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Karl Scheele made contributions to the discovery of many elements and was the first to isolate many acids.

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Georg Brandt discovered cobalt. Johann Gahn discovered manganese. Peter Hjelm discovered molybdenum. Baron Axel Cronstedt discovered nickel.

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Joseph Priestly discovered many gases including ammonia, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide. Priestly is mostly credited for the discovery of oxygen.

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1791
Antoine Lavoisier proved Georg Stahl's theory false. The theory proposed that when things are burned, they release and invisible fluid called "phlogiston." Lavoisier instead proved that oxygen from the air is gained during combustion rather than a loss of fluid.

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1796
Pierre Laplace postulated the theory of an accretion disk

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1789
Benjamin Banneker accurately predicted a solar eclipse

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Edmond Halley proved that Newton's laws also applied to comets

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*many discoveries in neurology ---->*

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1654
James Ussher,based on the Bible, concluded that the Earth was created in 4004 B.C.
1749
Georges Buffon challenged the idea by proposing the Earth to be between 75,000 and 100,000 years old as a result of a comet collision with the Sun. (The Earth is now proposed to be 4.6 billion years old.)

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1781
William Herschel discovered the planet Uranus