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The birth rate of a population is the number of individuals born per 1000 individuals per year. The birth rate in western countries is considered to be low compared to many developing countries.
Example: In 2010, the birth rate in America was 1.38%, whereas that year in Ethiopia it was 4.34%

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Birth & Death Rate. Saint George's School. Bogota, Colombia. 2011

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Immigration is the migration of of an individual into a place, who when people move from their home country to another one. This influences the size of a specific population, such as the population of a country or city, but does not alter the overall human population.

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The fertility rate of a population is the average number of children a women has in her lifetime. This varies between countries and depends on the social values, access to healthcare, culture etc.

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New survey sheds light on the US fertility rate

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Dr. Jennifer Ashton appears live on "GMA" to discuss a new survery that sheds some light on why the U.S. fertility rate has hit a historic low.

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The population growth also relies on the environmental conditions that population lives within. Natural disasters are an example of an effect the environment has on a population. They have a greater chance of wiping out people in larger amounts, therefore changing the population of the region. Furthermore, the conditions of the environment is a big factor, since if there is a lot of pollution, there is greater chance of bad health, which can lead to miscarriages.