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The topic sentence is usually the firts sentence of a paragraph, but it might be the second or third sentence. It introduces the main idea of the paragraph and all other ideas in the paragraph will be related to the topic sentence. You can use topic sentence to help you locate the information you need more quickly.

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The tone of a text can help you to identify and understand the writer's opinion. This is if you plan to use the reading in an essay because it will give you an idea whether the writer is for or against a certain position. The author's  opinion is often indicated by certain fixed phrase, and the author's choice of adjectives and adverbs.

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To identify the main ideas of a text, first look at the title, introduction, and any headings. These will give you clues about the topic and the main ideas. Then skim quickly over each section, paying particular attention to the first sentence. Make a note of the main ideas and look back at these notes after you have read the text again.

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Summarizing  is giving a brief statement of the most important points of a text. As you read, highlight or undeline, the main points of the text. Then use the information to write a summary. Even when you are just writing a summary for you notes, you should use your own words to avoid potentially plagiarizing the text of you decide to use it in an assignment later.

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Creating a text plan as you read can make it much easier to navigate a text. When you skim read, you are looking for the general meaning of the whole text and of individual paragraphs. To create a text plan, note the general meaning a each paragraph the first time you read, and then decide which paragraphs can be grouped together.

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Skim reading is a useful skill to learn when you are preparing for academic study. You are likely to have a lot of text to read, a lot of research to do, and not enough time to read everything on a topic. It is therefore often important to decide whether it is worth reading a text in greater detail. You can do this by skimming a text quickly to identify the main ideas using headings, sub-headings, and topoc sentences to help give you a bigger picture.

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Identifying the purpose of parts of a text

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Identifying the purpose of parts of a text

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Usually different parts of a text perform different functions. Identifying the purpose of different parts of a text can help you recognize the structure and understand its overall purpose. Some common functions are listed below.

Introduce the topic This is the first paragraph in which a new idea is mentioned.

Report data Authors often gruop the most important figures and statistics together in one paragraph.

Explain facts These paragraph give real, true information rather than apinion, argument, or speculation. Authors ofter establish the facts of a situation before presenting opinion, argument, or speculation.

Give supporting information These paragraphs present examples and other information to support arguments or to give context to the topic.

Present an argument These paragraphs gruop together all the arguments on one side of an an issue.

Present another side of an issue A well-balanced text presents more than one side of an issue. Even if the author is biased they will often present apposing arguments to make the text appear neutral.