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The age of the Earth is approximately 4.54 ± 0.05 billion years (4.54 × 10⁹ years ± 1%). This dating is based on evidence from radiometric age-dating of meteorite material and is consistent with the radiometric ages of the oldest-known terrestrial and lunar samples.

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radiocarbon dating. noun. 1. a technique for determining the age of organic materials, such as wood, based on their content of the radioisotope 14C acquired from the atmosphere when they formed part of a living plant. The 14C decays to the nitrogen isotope 14N with a half-life of 5730 years.

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any method of determining the age of earth materials or objects of organic origin based on measurement of either short-lived radioactive elements or the amount of along-lived radioactive element plus its decay product. Expand. Also called radioactive dating. Origin of radiometric dating. 1965-1970.

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A half-life usually describes the decay of discrete entities, such as radioactive atoms. ... Instead, the half-life is defined in terms of probability: "Half-life is the time required for exactly half of the entities to decay on average".

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The history of Earth concerns the development of planet Earth from its formation to the present day. Nearly all branches of natural science have contributed to the understanding of the main events of Earth's past. The age of the Earth is approximately one-third of the age of the universe.

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fossil noun [ C ] us ​ /ˈfɑs·əl/ biology, earth science part of a plant or animal, or its shape, that has been preserved in rock or earth for a very long period. (Definition of “fossil” from the Cambridge Academic Content Dictionary © Cambridge University Press)

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an idealized cycle of processes undergone by rocks in the earth's crust, involving igneous intrusion, uplift, erosion, transportation, deposition as sedimentary rock, metamorphism, remelting, and further igneous intrusion.

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In geology and related fields, a stratum (plural: strata) is a layer of sedimentary rock or soil, or igneous rock where formed at the earth's surface, with internally consistent characteristics that distinguish it from other layers.

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The geologic time scale (GTS) is a system of chronological dating that relates geological strata (stratigraphy) to time. It is used by geologists, paleontologists, and other Earth scientists to describe the timing and relationships of events that have occurred during Earth's history.