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Chua Sin Thean
Chen Hue Sze
Chee Wen Hou
Chua Jing Yit
Cheong Chun Yin
Gan Hui Yee
Tan Yi Chen

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The French Revolution occurred from 1789-1799, during that time the country went from a monarchy government to a republic, a government organized by the people for the people. The catalyst for the revolution was the financial crisis; the poorest were frustrated with poor living conditions, food shortages and unfair taxes. This crisis amongst the three sections of society would become divided into three estates. The Church formed the First Estate, the Second Estate by the nobility. The Third Estate was created from the lower and middle class.

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Marie Antoinette is a 2006 historical drama film written and directed by Sofia Coppola and starring Kirsten Dunst. It is based on the life of Queen Marie Antoinette in the years leading up to the French Revolution. It won the Academy Award for Best Costume Design. It was released in the United States on October 20, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.

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The famous food during the French Revolution was :
- Escargot
- Madeleines
- Croissant French Toast
- French Crepes

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One of the most famous symbols of the French Revolution is the cockade, a tight knot of coloured ribbons hat was pinned to one’s hat, tunic, lapel or sleeves. Cockades were a common device worn in the 18th century. The colours on the cockades were chosen to display one’s loyalty to a particular ruler, military leaders or political group.  When King Louis XVI return to Paris on July 17th 1798, three days after the fall of Bastille, he volunteered to wear a cockade of red and blue (the colours of Paris) to show his loyalty to the city. The traditional white of the Bourbon monarchy was added shortly after, reportedly by the Marquis de Lafayette forming the famous tricolore (‘three colour’) cockade. It became a prevalent and powerful symbol of the revolution, an emblem of the national and class unity.

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David was a prolific artist but two of his works are remembered above all others. The first is his visual account of the of the Tennis Court Oath, a mural sponsored by the Jacobin club and the National Assembly but never finished to David’s satisfaction. The drawing is to show the significance and human drama of the events. Jean-Sylvain Bailly stands at the centre and administers the oath, while the other National Assembly deputies respond in a variety of ways, from pensive (Sieyes) to optimistic (Dom Gerle and the other clergymen) to exuberant (Robespierre). Above them, the curtain wave wildly, as if blown by the winds of the political change.

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In a court that was famous for being the most fashionable in Europe, the Queen's wardrobe was of the utmost importance. Marie Antoinette had a great love of fashion and she often spent more than her allowances on dresses, shoes, perfumes etc. But - of course - there was a strict etiquette that had to be followed even when it came to the Queen and her dresses.

Marie Antoinette started every morning with being presented with the gazette des atours which was a book with fabric samples. She would then place a pin on the fabric she wanted to wear, the book would be sent to her wardrobe and the chosen dress would be carried to her bedchamber in baskets of velvet taffeta in a dark green. When the Queen's bedroom was renovated several pins were found that had slipped down between the floorboards during one of these ceremonies.

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Baroque dance is dance of the Baroque era (roughly 1600–1750), closely linked with Baroque music, theatre and opera.

King Louis XIV of France was an enthusiastic dancer and had a great influence on the development of a new form of dance.  He was known as "The Sun King" because of a ballet role he performed at the age of 14, where he represented the rising sun.  During Louis' reign, two kinds of dance developed:  social dances for the ballroom and theatrical dances for court entertainments.  The two forms shared similar steps and styles, and both were practiced by the nobility.  The highest status for a dancer or musician was that of the amateurs (derived from amas, to love) — those who loved their art for the purest reasons, as opposed to paid technicians.  The amateurs were indeed the finest dancers and musicians in the early Baroque courts.  Balls would feature elaborate entertainments created and performed by fellow members of the aristocracy.

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He is the one man who dominate the artistic culture of the French Revolution. He was a brilliant Paris-Born artist, famous for using classical stories and imagery as a vehicle for Enlightenment political values. David supported the revolution from the outset, remaining in France while many of his fellow artist sought patronage abroad. He is the best remembered as the French Revolution’s painter-propagandist, the Jacobin artist whose worked embraced radical revolutionary principles. Many of his paintings embodied the virtues and values of the new republic, including Patriotism, egalitarianism, public service and self-sacrifice.

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In 1789, the year of the outbreak of the French Revolution, Catholicism was the official religion of the French state. The French Catholic Church, known as the Gallican Church, recognised the authority of the pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church but had negotiated certain liberties that privileged the authority of the French monarch, giving it a distinct national identity characterised by considerable autonomy.

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Once the revolution began, that large population of Frenchmen who were worshiped Catholicism were no longer Catholics. The French revolution can be considered to be one of the darkest moments in history for this religion. After the revolution broke out, anyone who sided themselves with the Catholic Church was considered to be an enemy of the revolution, and was then put to trial where almost always they would be sentenced to be hung. Even though most religions suffered during this “reign of terror”,

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Napoleon was not fond of Catholicism, but after taking charge of France he decided it was important -- both to himself, politically, and to the stability of France -- that the Catholic Church return. One of his first acts as consul was the Concordat of July 1801, which removed the anti-clerical laws of the revolution while keeping Catholicism the religion of "the majority of the French people," rather than the state religion. Once stability was reached, however, Napoleon took every opportunity to subvert the pope's authority in France, and the church never reclaimed the authority it had under the Capetian monarchy.

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Place de la Concorde is an 1876 oil painting by Edgar Degas.

It describes the cigar-smoking Ludovic-Napoléon Lepic, his daughters, his dog, and a solitary man on the left at Place de la Concorde in Paris. The Tuileries Gardens can be seen in the background, behind a stone wall.

Many art historians believe that the large amount of negative space, the cropping, and the way in which the figures are facing in random directions were influenced by photography.

The painting was considered lost for four decades following World War II, until Russian authorities put it on exhibition at the Hermitage Museum in Russia, where it remains to this day.

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Historical places related to French Revolution 

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Historical places related to French Revolution 

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Place de la Concorde

It is one of the major public squares in Paris, France. It is the largest square in the French capital. It is located in the city's eighth arrondissement, at the eastern end of the Champs-Élysées. It was the site of many notable public executions of royalty during the French Revolution.

During the French Revolution in 1789 the statue of Louis XV of France was torn down and the area renamed the Place de la Révolution. The new revolutionary government erected a guillotine in the square, and it was here that King Louis XVI was executed on 21 January 1793.

Following those dreadful events of the Reign of Terror, the Directorate changed the name of the square to one of reconciliation and hope: Place de la Concorde.

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During French revolution
There were radical changes, influenced by the enlightenment ideas, one of the change was in the art in general, especially most of the paintings, and literature.

There were two major movements that had importance in the arts, architecture and literature during the french revolution.

-Neo-classicism
-Rococo

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The four government of the French Revolution

The national assembly-  The first government of the French revolution it was created in 1789-1791. It was created by the third estate because they were mad about the unfair tax laws. Due to them being the only estate that had to pay taxes when they where already poor. They were the start of the French Revolution and took the first punch at overthrowing King Louis. The members of the National assembly where known as deputes or delegates.

Legislative Assembly- The second government of the French Revolution. It was created in October 1791- 1792, when the National assembly disbanded in 1791. The legislative assembly first meet in October 1 1791 and it contained 745 members. Most of the members had previous experience because most of them where apart of the National assembly before it disbanded. But 330 of the members where members of the secretive Jacobin Club.

The First Republic- The third government of the French revolution from 1793- 1795. The motto of The First Republic was Liberty, Equality, and Brotherhood. The First Republic executed King Louis XVI in January of 1793. Between 1793 and 1794 the First Republic killed thousand of people under the name of the Committee of Public Safety, just because they where Royalists and supported King Louis. Despite the chaos plaguing all over France the government started a military draft to prepare for international war. Soon thought the Master mind of the Terror Robespierre was overthrown and executed. That was the start of the end of the first Republic.

The Directory- Was the fourth and final government it lasted for four years from November of 1795 to November of 1799. It contained an upper house and a lower house. The lower house the Council of five hundred contained 500 delegates 30 years of over. Who proposed legislative for the government. The upper house it the Council of Ancients which contains 250 delegates 40 years of older.Who accept or veto that which is proposed by the council of five hundred. Also the ancients pick five executive directors from lists drawn up by the five hundred. The five executives them choose army generals, ambassadors, tax collectors,etc for the government.

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The Metric system is undeniably the most important result of the French Revolution, and it began very early in the Revolution (1790). The metric system brought order out of the conflicting and confusing traditional systems of weights and measures then being used in Europe.So the French Academy of Science told to design new system of weights and measures.

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Large-scale ironworks were significant in the French Revolution, as much for their methods of production as for what they produced.  Ironworks were the bastion of the aristocracy, especially at the beginning.

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Rococo is a decorative style of the early to mid-18th century derived from the French word rocaille meaning shell. Rococo primarily influenced the fancy arts in Europe, especially in France, southern Germany and Austria, and is marked by asymmetry, naturalism, pastel colors, light-heartedness and delicate shell-like and watery forms.

A room decorated in the Rococo style, Nymphenburg palace, near Munich.

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Marie Antoinette favorite painter- Elizabeth Vigee Le Brun

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Marie Antoinette favorite painter- Elizabeth Vigee Le Brun

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Marie Antoinette was immortalized by an extraordinary young women. Élisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (1755-1842) was good-looking, witty, independent-minded and one of the best portrait painters of her time. The queen enjoyed sitting for her. Vigée Le Brun was lively, talkative and blessed with a fine voice. The two women sang popular songs together. Thanks to her royal patron she was allowed into the Académie de Peinture in 1783. Theoretically it was against the rules, not on grounds of gender – there being about 15 women among the 600 members – but because her husband was a picture dealer, a calling academicians would not allow.

Le Brun’s portrait entitled Marie-Antoinette and her Children (1787).

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During the French Revolution the most renowned technology was the guillotine beheading. Doctor Guillotine and a german engineer and harpsichord maker built the prototype for an idea of the guillotine machine. In 1870 improvements where made by Leon Berger such as a spring system, a locking device, and a new release mechanism for the blade. During the French Revolution all classes were executed equally, but before the upper-classes could buy their way to a less painful death.

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Inventing of chemically manufactured saltpeter. Saltpeter is actually Sodium Nitrade and it is the main component of gunpowder. This was used widely for production of gun powder for the revolution and for the wars that were fought after wards. Also this chemical was used in fields of medicine. Manufacturing of this material reduced France’s dependence on imports – a much needed feature at the time.