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B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP)- Â this is a hormone that is secreted by the heart in the event of ventricular expansion, and pressure overload. When a BNP level is elevated to above 100 pg/mL this could indicate HF (heart failure). In the case of severe HF, the BNP level is going to be even more elevated.

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Angina Pectoris - a condition marked by severe pain in the chest, often also spreading to the shoulders, arms, and neck, caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is the term used to describe a variety of conditions that obstruct blood flow in the coronary arteries.

Any condition that may alter or impede blood circulation through the coronary arteries. For example, atherosclerosis, the plaque buildup narrows the lumen of the arteries, altering blood flow.

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Atherosclerosis is a form of arteriosclerosis and is characterized by the formation of yellowish plaques of fatty, cholesterol-like deposits, lipids or cellular debris on the walls of the arteries. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of coronary artery disease.

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Bradycardia

bradycardia is a slow rhythm originating in the SA node. It is characterized by a pulse rate of less than 60 bpm. Bradycardia can be life-threatening if the cause is not found. Bradycardia caused by an SA node dysfunction or other undetermined causes may be managed by the insertion of a pacemaker.

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Embolus: A foreign object, a quantity of air or gas, a bit of tissue, or piece of a thrombus that circulates in the bloodstream until it becomes lodged in a vessel

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Arteriosclerosis

Is the problem associated with Peripheral Vascular Disease which is a common arterial disorder characterized by thickening, loss of elasticity, and calcification of arterial walls, resulting in a decreased blood supply.

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Coronary Occlusion: partial or total obstruction of a coronary artery, usually resulting in a myocardial infarction (heart attack). 80-90% of MI are the result of thrombus formation

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Ischemia- Decreased blood supply to a body organ or part often marked by pain and organ dysfunction.

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Pleural Effussion – an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the thoracic cavity between the visceral and parietal plurea. (May be noted in the left side heart failure)

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peripheral-  pertaining to those areas away from the center (in this context, the heart). The peripheral vascular system consists of arteries, capillaries, and veins.

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Polycythemia:  An abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

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Defibrillation
The termination of ventricular fibrillation by delivering a direct electrical countershock to the patient's precordium, i.e. , that part of the patient's body surface covering the heart and stomach

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Intermittent claudication - a weakness of the legs accompanied by cramplike pains in the calves caused by poor circulation of the arterial blood to the leg muscles - pain brought on by exercise & relieved by rest

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orthopnea-  an abnormal condition in which a person must sit or stand to breathedeeply or comfortably.

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Myocardial Infarction (MI): known as heart attack, is the blockage of blood flow to the heart caused by obstruction of a major coronary artery by an atherosclerotic plaque or by an embolus. Without blood, tissue loses oxygen and dies.

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Heart Failure

When the heart cannot pump enough blood to sustain the body's metabolic needs, it is called heart failure or cardiac insufficiency. Heart failure (HF) is traditionally defined as circulatory congestion caused by the heart's inability to pump effectively

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Myocardium
The myocardium forms the bulk of the heart wall and is the thickest and strongest layer of the heart. It is composed of cardiac muscle tissue. Contraction of this tissue is responsible for pumping blood.

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Dysrhythmia- (or arrhythmia) is any cardiac rhythm that deviates from the normal sinus rhythm

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cardioversion

restoring the heart's normal sinus rhythm by delivering a synchronized electric shock through two metal paddles placed on the patient's chest.

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Endocardium: innermost layer is composed of a thin layer of connective tissue. This structure lines the anterior of the heart, the valves and the larger vessels of the heart.

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Hypoxemia:

-Abnormal deficiency of oxygen in the arterial blood. In other words low oxygen in the blood.

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Is a two-layered, serous membrane that covers the entire structure of the Heart Wall.  It is the outermost layer of the heart.
Click link to see picture below:
https://drsvenkatesan.files.wordpress.com/2008/09/pericardial-effusion-rub-plural-pleuro-pericadial.png?w=500&h=362

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(end/-inside, arter/o- artery, /ctomy- removal)

surgical removal of the intimal lining of a artery

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Pulmonary Edema:
accumulation of extravascular fluid in lung tissues and alveoli, (most often caused by HF); fluid from L side of heart backs up into pulmonary vasculature; patient “drowns” in secretions. Frothy sputum is produced from air mixing with the fluid in the alveoli; the sputum is blood-tinged from blood cells that have exuded into the alveoli

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Aneurysm is an enlarged, dilated portion of an artery that exceeds 3 cm.