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The practice of victorious politicians rewarding their supporters with government jobs

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People using their jobs for personal gain led to corruption

People made large profits from government contracts

Calls for reform began in the 1850s

Reform was set in motion after the murder of Andrew Garfield

The Pendleton Act

People without close political ties to the government were given responsibility for running the functions of executing and enforcing laws

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Federal job openings have around 80 applicants

The Office of Personnel Management fills federal job openings

Most secretarial and clerical jobs require a written exam

Government jobs offer many benefits

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All civil service workers have job security

Whistleblowers are federal employees who report corruption or wrongdoing by the government

Executive branch employees can join unions

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Hatch Act

prevents federal workers from participating in election campaigns

was revised in 1993; the amended law prohibits federal employees from engaging in political activities during work hours

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Each cabinet has liaison officers

Liaison officers keep track of bills moving through Congress

Ideas for new laws very often come from with the bureaucracy

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Federal bureaucrats carry out the policies Congress creates and the president signs

The bureaucracy shapes the actual meaning of a law

Forms rules and regulations to carry out each law

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Executive agencies seek input from stakeholders

Stakeholders are private citizens and others who will be affected by potential new/changing rules and regulations

Before new rules are put into effect, agencies publish drafts of new rules so citizens can see and comment on them

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Interest groups use many strategies to encourage their members to give their input on rules that may affect them

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Citizens and take their grievances to federal court

They can ask the court to issue an order to stop an action, rule, or regulation

Lawmakers can pass laws to alter rules a federal agency establishes

Lawmakers can hold certain agencies more responsible for what they do

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Factors Contributing to Growth in the Bureaucracy

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Factors Contributing to Growth in the Bureaucracy

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Population growth

Industrial and Technological Advances

American citizens live in a more urban, industrialized, technologically advanced society than previous years

Growing the Global Economy

Threats to National Security

After WW2 and the Cold War, bureaucracy quickly expanded within the country

Economic Crises

The amount of federal workers nearly doubled during the Great Depression

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Efforts to Reduce Size of Bureaucracy and the Federal Workforce

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Efforts to Reduce Size of Bureaucracy and the Federal Workforce

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Reduce the amount of government employees

Cut/freeze government employees' pay or require them to take unpaid days off (furlough)