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The City of Pasig, known as “The Green City”, is one of the oldest towns in the Philippines. It is an urbanized city found in the National Capital Region. It has well-maintained parks, e-jeeps and e-tricycles, and offers a multitude of lifestyles of your preference as it has many establishments to choose from!

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As a possible solution to the insubstantial, cheap materials used for most unstable homes, bamboo technology can be utilized. This environmentally safe and cheap option may be used in the construction of houses to better withstand the unpredictable effects of climate. As bamboo is sourced out from the environment, its proper use would aid in improving local economies and at the same time, providing cleaning environments as it utilizes little to no chemicals (Limos, 2021).

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The combination of delicate homes and destructive climates are discussed by various scholarly articles. Risk of typhoons, surges, and the like are elevated for the less fortunate, even if they are not major contributors to climate change (Satterthwaite, et. al, 2018). Their living conditions predispose them to injury and displacement that would lead to lack of sufficient resources to maintain a good quality of life.

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The population of Pasig City continues to rise and unfortunately, a significant number of these people are informal settlers. Majority of these informal settlers are displaced due to the effects of climate change that cause destruction to their homes. Our basic human rights include the Right to Housing, and these less fortunate people should be able to exercise their right of obtaining an adequate standard of living through sturdy homes that can withstand the climate.

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Deocaris, C. C., Allosada, J. O., Ardiente, L. T., Bitang, L. G., Dulohan, C. L., Lapuz, J. K., Padilla, L. M., Ramos, V. P., & Padolina, J. B. (2019). Occurrence of microplastic fragments in the Pasig River. H2Open Journal, 2(1), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.2166/h2oj.2019.001
Facts and figures. Pasig City. (n.d.). Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.pasigcity.gov.ph/facts-and-figures
Isla Plastic-Free Paper Cup coating is completely recyclable. MaterialDistrict. (2017, October 28). Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://materialdistrict.com/article/isla-paper-cup-coating-recyclable/#:~:text=Finnish%20paper%20and%20wood%20products,using%20plastics%20or%20harmful%20fluorochemicals.
Issac, M. N., & Kandasubramanian, B. (2021). Effect of microplastics in water and aquatic systems. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28(16), 19544–19562. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13184-2
Limos, M. (2021, September 24). These disaster-resilient houses are made with Bamboo. Esquiremag.ph. Retrieved March 6, 2022, from https://www.esquiremag.ph/culture/design/these-disaster-resilient-houses-are-made-with-bamboo-a00293-20210924
Mohanti, M. (2021, July 2). 10 Innovative Tech solutions to help curb plastic pollution. IndiaTimes. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://www.indiatimes.com/technology/science-and-future/10-tech-solutions-plastic-pollution-544071.html
Satterthwaite, D., Archer, D., Colenbrander, S., Dodman, D., Hardoy, J., & Patel, S. (2018, March). Responding to climate change in cities ... - pubs.iied.org. Responding to climate change in cities and in their informal settlements and economies. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from https://pubs.iied.org/sites/default/files/pdfs/migrate/G04328.pdf

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Most, if not all, plastic comes from one-time-use packaging that is instantly disposed of and somewhat ends up in landfills and bodies of water. Paper products are better alternatives to packaging as it decomposes faster than plastic. However, because of this, splashes of water can easily damage the said packaging. With that, nanotechnology may be used to develop coatings for paper that could make it more durable and water-resistant (Mohanti, 2021). An example of such is the production of coated paper linings called ISLA in the link above (Isla Plastic-Free Paper Cup coating is completely recyclable, 2017). Without a doubt, the development of such is expensive compared to plastic, but its long-term benefits to the environment should definitely be considered.

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Many paper cups are coated with a thin layer of plastic to prevent the liquid content to spill out. However, while convenient when the cup is used, these plastic layers are a disaster for recycling companies, as this means the cups cannot easily recycled. Finnish paper and wood products company Koktamills developed a new type of coating for paper disposable food service boards for their ISLA series that is completely recyclable and repulpable.
The new coating is water-based, without using plastics or harmful fluorochemicals. Fluorochemicals are still widely used in fast food packaging, even though studies have shown them to be unhealthy and may cause cancers. The chemicals in the coating change the properties of paperboard so that it becomes naturally resistant to grease and liquids, and is suitable for both hot and cold beverages. The coating can be applied using existing cup- and plate making machinery.

The end product, called ISLA, is completely recyclable after the ink has been removed during the pulping process, without the need for a special recycling route. It can be recycled along other, normal paper waste, rather than being burned as is common with plastic-coated paper cups. The quality is high enough that the recycled pulp can be turned into copy-grade paper, as the paperboard contains a large amount of short fibres.

When tested, cups lined with the new coating were found to be able to hold hot and soft drinks for more than 2 days. The cups could even hold alcoholic beverages for a few hours, similar to 39 per cent of other disposable paper cups on the market.
Photos: Koktamills

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ISLA Plastic-free paper cup coating is completely recyclable - MaterialDistrict

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Many paper cups are coated with a thin layer of plastic to prevent the liquid content to spill out. However, while convenient when the cup is used, these plastic layers are a disaster for recycling companies, as this means the cups cannot easily recycled.

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Because of waves and sunlight, plastic disintegrates into what is called microplastic, whose form is easier to consume by water species, causing deleterious effects to their physiologic functions (Isaac & Kandasubramanian, 2021). Allosada, et. al (2019) has discovered microplastic fragments that characterize the persistent plastic that is detrimental to life found in its waters. Additionally, since this river connects to Manila bay and the West Philippine sea, these plastic fragments also pose a threat to the ecosystem of those bodies of water that serve as a food source for many (Allosada, et. al, 2019). As, we, humans consume various species of fish obtained from the West Philippine Sea, microplastics can enter our bodily systems as well, therefore causing health risks.

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For many years, Pasig River has been notorious for its poor state as it has had such a high level of water pollution. Because of the rehabilitation efforts, most visible waste has vanished, however, it is still considered to be the world’s most plastic-polluted river. Being awarded as ‘Instagram Worthy’ in 2018 may shadow the reality of the plastic’s threat on the ecosystem found in its waters. As a Pasigueño, I believe that  we must work on bringing awareness to the effects of the excessive plastic consumption and resolve the problem at hand as the river's biologic potential may give rise to improved modes of transportation, livelihood, and food sources.

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"End poverty in all its forms everywhere"

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"Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development"

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Thanks to the hard work, perseverance, and dedication of the local government of Pasig, the city has shined brighter for the past few years! However, there will always be room for improvement. From my perspective as a resident since birth, here are some of Pasig's deprivations of two sustainable goals that I believe need more awareness and resolutions.

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This city is noted to have a total income of Php 10,090,816,480.83, an Individual Retirement Account (IRA) share of
Php 1,094,054,125.00, and a total expenditure of Php, 8,073,968,877.25 (Facts and figures, n.d.).

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The city of Pasig is located on the southeastern tip of Pasig River and is bordered by the cities of Quezon and Marikina on the North, Mandaluyong on the West, Makati and Rizal province on the East, and Taguig and Pateros on the south, and is 12 kilometers from east of Manila. It has a land area of 3,432 hectares and has 2 legislative districts with a total of 30 barangays (Facts and figures, n.d).

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Based on the 2015 consensus, Pasig City’s total number of residents is 755,300 and a population growth rate of 2.31%. Its population density is 22,008 per square kilometer and an estimate of 180,612 households with an average size of 4.2 people (Facts and figures, n.d).