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Aspects of Negro Life: From Slavery to Reconstruction (1934) Aaron Douglass

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Augusta Savage working on "The Harp" sculpture (1930s)

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Black artists developed styles during the renaissance that had related to primarily Black aesthetic traditions of Africa as well as folk art. The Modernist movements like cubism also influenced and inspired artists at the time.

Aaron Douglass:
"the father of African American art” was a prominent figure in the art world during the Harlem renaissance often influenced by Art Deco, Ancient Egyptian flat profile design, and the "Abstract qualities of spirituals." His 4-panel "aspects of negro life" series depicted Black America's upbringing (Africa-slavery-emancipation- cultural rebirth).

Palmer C. Hayden: An oil and watercolor painter, famous for his seascapes and depiction of African American life in Harlem. His work represented Black folklore and working-class life in Harlem

Augusta Savage: American Sculptor that created the large-scale sculpture The Harp, inspired by James Weldon Johnson's poem "Lift Every Voice and Sing."

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"And certainly, if in our lifetime the Negro should not be able to celebrate his full initiation into American democracy, he can at least, on the warrant of these things, celebrate the attainment of a significant and satisfying new phase of group development, and with it a spiritual Coming of Age."

Alain Locke, “Enter the New Negro,” Survey Graphic, Vol. 6, No. 6

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The New Negro movement represented a turn away from the "old" to "new" with the doing away of racist stereotypes and invoking a renewed racial pride. The move from the rural South to the urban industrialized North aided in this cultural rebirth. The "New Negro" was encouraged to advance intellectually, culturally, and socially through progressive politics, cultural self-expression, and more.

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People walking in Harlem, New York City, 1942. National Archives—Hulton Archive/Getty Images

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The Cotton Club- White audience only night club

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The Cotton Club- White audience only night club

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The Cotton Club, Harlem, New York City, 1930s.

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Dreams― Langston Hughes, The Collected Poems (1926)

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Dreams― Langston Hughes, The Collected Poems (1926)

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“Hold fast to dreams
for if dreams die
life is a broken-winged bird
that can not fly.

Hold fast to dreams
for when dreams go
life is a barren field
frozen with snow.”

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Political resistance poem If we must die (1919), Claude Mckay

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The Harmon Foundation offered national recognition and cash rewards to African American achievement in fields such as business, education, fine arts, literature, music, etc. It was founded by William E. Harmon who was a wealthy real estate developer. The foundation was closed in the 1960s.

Some award recipients: Countee Cullen, Claude McKay, Langston Hughes, Palmer C. Hayden

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Known as the “Father of the Harlem Renaissance,” Alain Locke, an African American writer, philosopher, and educator, is regarded to be the originator of the "new negro movement"  and Harlem Renaissance. In his 1925 anthology publication "the New Negro" he names and defines the "new negro" as being more "outspoken, self-sufficient, and self-assured in their identity."

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Oscar Micheaux: An independent movie producer (44 films).
His work gave representation to the everyday lives of African American Citizens including the prejudice they faced. His films helped dismantle long-standing stereotypes of the Black community.
Films:

Murder in Harlem

Within our Gates

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The Krigwa Players, founded in 1926 by W.E.B Du Bois (CRIGWA: Crisis Guild of Writers and Artists), was one of the most popular theatre groups in Harlem during the Renaissance despite lasting for only 3 years.

The Crisis NAACP magazine was founded by Web Du Bois for the purpose of showing "the danger of race prejudice, particularly as manifested today toward colored people.”- W.E.B Du Bois

The Souls of Black Folk (1903) was written by W.E.B Du Bois and aided the New Negro Movement with its emphasis on the Black community's ability to acquire property.

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Zora Neale Hurston:

An Author, Anthropologist, and Folklorist, her work depicted and celebrated the African American culture in the rural South and explored black folklore.

Langston Hughes: A poet, social activist, novelist, and playwright. His poems highly influenced the renaissance and encapsulated African American themes while being written in "plain tones of American speech."

Countee Cullen: A novelist, children's writer, playwright, and well-known Poet. Wrote about the Black experience.
Famous works:

A Brown Girl Dead

For A Lady I Know

For A Poet

From the Dark Tower

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The Jazz Age (Roaring twenties) which started in the 1920's
was a period in which new music known as jazz and dances emerged and became widely popular. Jazz music, first introduced to the public by the African American community, was birthed from blues and ragtime that showcased a mix of rhythms from traditional African slave songs and spirituals with European harmonic structure. Employing both syncopated rhythms and improvisation, Jazz gave new freedom to African Americans and White folk alike. It was born from its predecessor Ragtime and the Blues. Dances such as the Charleston and tap dance evolved from the music among others.  Famous musicians led the Jazz Age like Bessie Smith, Mamie Smith, Duke Ellington, And Louis Armstrong. Jazz became popular through the radio, the most well-known show being "potter palm" that broadcasted an assortment of amateur concerts & big band jazz performances from cities like New York and Chicago.

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Harlem New York was the Capital for the cultural reawakening. The mecca center.

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The Great Migration or the Great Northward Migration was the Migration of nearly 300,000 Black Americans from the North to the South to pursue educational and economic opportunities and escape the racial violence and oppression under the Jim Crow Laws.

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The Harlem Renaissance was an African American movement in literary, musical, political, theatrical, and visual arts and the rediscovery of the African American Identity. African Americans collaborated with one another to create new works from African American, caribbean, and asian cultures. The “New Negro” identity was developed at this time whilst African Americans redefind who they were as a community. It happened as a result of the Great Migration where African Americans were trying to escape the Jim Crow laws of the south. The Harlem Renaissance was influenced by civil rights movements and gave African Americans a new sense of self.