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"Michael Collins." Encyclopedia of World Biography Online, Gale, 1998. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/K1631001484/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=SUIC&xid=f3f99281. Accessed 27 Feb. 2021.

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19, 21, 24-8, 33-43, 45-9, 53, 57, 71, 76, 81, 114, 123,190-1, 204, 229

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"The Irish Revolution." Gale Encyclopedia of U.S. History: War, Gale, 2009. Gale In Context: High School, link.gale.com/apps/doc/EJ3048500151/SUIC?u=san74543&sid=SUIC&xid=f9056071. Accessed 27 Feb. 2021.

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born on 16 october 1890, Collins's revolutionary years would be his twenties

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micheal was the youngest of six- three daughter and three sons - still at home, in a household headed by his 45-year-old widowed mother.

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Collins would be 25 before he returened to Ireland for Good.

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On balance, Collins’s family and community seem to have exposed him to a mix of nationalist influences and ideas that were characteristic of the period: a mix that produced many nationalists but fewer active separatists

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Staff, HistoryNet. “Michael Collins: A Man Against an Empire.” HistoryNet, HistoryNet, 21 Nov. 2019, www.historynet.com/michael-collins-a-man-against-an-empire.htm.

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In an attempt to put an end to the war, Collins, who had been the IRA’s director of intelligence and who was now the commander in chief of the Irish Free State Army, had gone to Cork. 

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Future revolutionaries such as Vladimir Lenin, Mao Zedong and Yitzak Shamir studied and adopted Collins’ tactics. In fact, Shamir admired Collins so much that he used the code-name Michael during the Israeli war of independence.

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he became a member of the Irish Republican Brotherhood (IRB), a secret organization dedicated to Irish independence.

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He remained in London until 1916, when he returned to Ireland to help fight in the Easter Rebellion,

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At an early age, Collins was influenced by his school teacher, Denis Lyons, and the village blacksmith, James Santry. Both of those individuals instilled in him a burning desire to free Ireland from British rule.

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During his incarceration, he studied past Irish insurrections and analyzed why they had always failed. He concluded that the fatal flaw of each had been of a lack of organization. He vowed that the next rebellion would succeed-because he would lead it. 

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He vowed that the next rebellion would succeed-because he would lead it.

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in the summer of 1919, Collins was elected president of the IRB.

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His spies allowed him to intercept British messages and there were numerous occasions where Collins had copies of British orders before they reached the intended recipient.

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On April 3, 1918, Collins was arrested in Dublin for a speech that he had given in County Longford. Collins posted bail and went on the run. During the next three years, he was the most wanted man in Ireland.

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Collins was elected to the British Parliament on a Sinn Fein ticket.

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On the night of April 7, 1919, Collins, with the assistance of one of his spies, sneaked into G Division Headquarters and spent the night examining top secret files. After viewing them, Collins concluded that the key to defeating Britain was to cripple its intelligence network

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To fight the RIC, Collins used the IRA flying columns-small but highly mobile guerrilla groups of poorly armed men, usually no more than 30... As a result, some of the smaller RIC barracks were closed and the troops were transferred to larger barracks in the cities and towns.

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To fight G Division, in July 1919 Collins organized a small group of young volunteers assigned to the IRA’s Intelligence Department, known simply as the Squad, whose mission was to assassinate detectives and other British spies.

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On December 17, however, the British insisted that the IRA would have to surrender its weapons before any talks could begin. Collins rejected the demand.

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On May 25, 1921, the IRA launched its biggest operation of the war when 120 men attacked and burned the Custom House in Dublin.

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After more than six weeks, the parties finally reached a compromise agreement on the morning of December 6.

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The biggest victory occurred when the Free State Army made an amphibious landing outside of Cork city, taking the IRA completely by surprise and driving it into the surrounding countryside over the next few days.

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Collins stated during the treaty debates that the treaty ‘gives us the freedom, not the ultimate freedom that all nations desire and develop to, but the freedom to achieve it.’

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 The IRA, led by Michael Collins (1890-1922), attacked police barracks and tax offices across the island, seizing weapons and driving out Crown officials.

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While Collins viewed the treaty as a stepping-stone towards true independence, de Valera saw it as a betrayal of the Irish Republic

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In June 1922, the Irish Civil War broke out and continued for eleven months. Michael Collins, after a lifetime of service, was murdered by Irishmen in 1922.

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Ireland approved a new constitution in 1937, and it left the Commonwealth and became the Irish Republic in 1949.

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The Irish revolutionary leader Michael Collins (1890-1922) was a founder of the Irish Free State.

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Much of Collins's success as a revolutionary leader can be ascribed to his realism and extraordinary efficiency, but there was also a marked strain of idealism and humanity in his character which appealed to friend and foe alike. The treaty that cost him his life did not end partition, as he had hoped, but it did make possible the peaceful attainment of full political freedom for most of Ireland.

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Collins and Griffith did their best to maintain order and implement the treaty but found their efforts frustrated by the opposition of an armed Republican minority. Collins sought desperately to pacify the antitreaty forces without abandoning the treaty but found it impossible to make a workable compromise.

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During the autumn negotiations in London, the British government firmly rejected any settlement that involved recognition of the republic. Instead its representatives offered Dominion status for Ireland, with the right of exclusion for loyalist Northern Ireland. Collins decided to accept these terms, in the belief that rejection meant renewal of the war and quick defeat for Ireland and that the proposed treaty would soon lead to unity and complete freedom for his country.

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Collins worked as a clerk in London from 1906 until he returned to Ireland in 1916.

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The treaty of December 6, 1921, was signed by Collins in the belief that it was the best that could be obtained for Ireland at the time and in the full awareness that he might be signing his own death warrant. 

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Collins refrained from taking action against his former comrades until IRA insurgents seized the Four Courts in Dublin and civil war became inevitable.

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“Michael Collins.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., www.britannica.com/biography/Michael-Collins-Irish-statesman.

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Coogan, Tim Pat. Ireland since the Rising. Greenwood Pr., 1976.

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Dolan, Anne, and William Murphy. Micheal Collins: The Man and the Revolution. 2018.

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he had built up a tremendous influence through his reorganisation of the IRB, undertaken both in prison after the rising and as he went through the country in connection with the Easter Week prisoners' fund.

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The most deadly unit of all was "The Squad" under Collins' personal direction.

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With his sunshine and thunder personality, his sharp intelligence and his enormous energy, Micheal Collins emerges in Irish history as a Celtic Mars who could have been the Prometheus of his country, bringing benision out of fire, had he lived.

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Micheals Collins motivation and strategic ways that put his life on line helped lead him to be one of Irelands biggest historical figures.