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The concept of cultural hegemony was developed by Antonio Gramsci on the basis of Karl Marx's premise that a society's dominant ideology is a reflection of its ruling class. Gramsci argued that ideologies such as beliefs, assumptions, and values could be spread via institutions such as schools, churches, legal systems, and the media to bring about the rule of the dominant group. These institutions facilitate socialization, socializing people to the values, beliefs, and norms of dominant social groups. These institutions are therefore controlled by those in power. Evidently, the ruling party occupies the top ranking, coercing others to take the lower ranks through enforcement of their ideologies. Gramsci believed the role of a ruling class included ideology and consciousness, in other words, the superstructure.

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Unlearning, on the other hand, is a process of conscious decision made by an individual, a group, or an institution to disengage from forms of learning, thinking, and doing that have become habitual. According to the book Van Der Tuin Verhoeff, unlearning can also be subdivided into deschooling, which deals with eliminating pedagogical techniques and didactics within the schools system and replacing them with new ways of teaching and learning. By using this method, the ruling party propagates its ideologies and principles.

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In the event of the unlearning of the people of a society, this deschooling can negatively affect their lifestyle and strip them of their inherited beliefs, giving them a whole new identity which is different from their past selves. Gramsci stressed that ideologies play a pivotal role in reproducing economic systems and social structures. Consequently, the intellectuals in society, who are often perceived as detached observers of social life when in reality they enjoy a privileged lifestyle, act as the "deputies" of the dominant class. The ruling class makes people repudiate their own beliefs and persuades them to follow theirs. The ruling party manipulatively secures the consent of others and convince them into believing that their ideologies are far superior than theirs.

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Essentially, unlearning in terms of cultural hegemony as explained by Gramsci is transformed when we consider how the dominant class makes people unlearn preexisting notions and instill norms that benefit them, capitalism being one of the most relevant examples. Capitalism is the idea of succeeding economically when one pushes themselves too hard. In other words, this idea was enforced onto us. This kind of unlearning fosters the belief that success and diligent work go hand in hand. It also fosters the belief that economic success and social mobility are strictly the responsibility of the individual. The ruling party thereby succeeds in making us unlearn the notion of communism, ultimately proving Gramsci’s ideologies about Cultural Hegemony.