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it is shaped like a flat pear or a fish extended horizontally accross the abdomen about 6-10 inches long

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located at the base of the brain.

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Thyroid is located at the base of your neck.
Parathyroid glands are located next to the two thyroid glands in the neck

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It lies mainly on the right, behind the stomach in the upper left abdomen

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adrenal - located on top of each kidney

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Male = testes - scrotum
Female = ovaries

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cortisol - control blood sugar levels, regulate metabolism, and assist with memory formulation. cortisol can have a good effect on responses to stress by releasing energy, heightened memory and lower pain sensitivity

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Aldosterone - affects body's way of regulating blood pressure and sends messages to organs. This works by increasing salt reabsorbed into the blood stream and to increase potassium excreted in the urine.

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Hormone 2- thyroid- stimulating hormone  

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Hormone 2- thyroid- stimulating hormone  

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The thyroid gland rests high in the horse's neck, straddling the trachea (wind pipe). It is directed to produce thyroid hormones by the pituitary hormone TSH - thyroid stimulating hormone. Release of TSH is under the control of a hormone from the brain's hypothalamus called TRH - thyroid releasing hormone.

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Produced and released in the anterior pituitary gland. This hormone is considered a gonadotrophic hormone because of its role in controlling the function of ovaries in females and testes in males, which are known as the gonads.
In mares, the hormone stimulates the ovaries to produce oestradiol.

The mare will display receptive behaviour (estrus) towards the stallion for 5-7 days and will ovulate in the last 24-48 hours of that display period. In late April or early May through August

In stallions, luteinizing hormone stimulates the production of testosterone from Leydig cells in the testes.

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growth hormone- the growth hormone stimulates production of insulin -like growth factor 1 in the liver and other organs, this also acts on tissues in the body to control the metabolism and growth. An addition to its effects on the growth hormone also sleep, food and memory. the growth hormone is at its highest when the horse is about the age 2-3. it starts to slow down when they get to 5.

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One of the hormones in the thyroid glands are thyroxine .
Thyroxine controls how much energy your body uses . its also involved in digestion , how your heart muscle works, brain development and bone health.

One of the hormones in the parathyroid gland is the parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone plays a key roll in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood.

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Another hormone for the thyroid glands is triiodthyronine (T3)
It helps to maintain muscle control , brain function and development , heart and digestive functions.

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oestrogen - it affects the reproductive tract, the urinary tract, the heart and blood vessels, bones, breasts, skin, hair, mucous membranes, pelvic muscle, and the brain and regulating the menstrual cycle.

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progesterone - helps regulate period cycle but its main job is to prepare the body for pregnancy, also helps thicken the lining of the uterus to prepare for a fertilised egg.

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testosterone, an androgenic hormone- promotes a secondary sexual characteristics such as muscle, bone mass, and growth of body hair

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prostaglandin - involved in dealing with illness and injury, they control the process of inflammation, blood flow and blood clots. Also given in the induction of labour.

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insulin - allows glucose to enter the body's cells to provide energy.

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glucagon - It works to raise the concentration of glucose and fatty acids in the bloodstream, side effects include: increase of blood pressure and heart rate.
Glucose -  is the active form of sugar to make energy (from food), Glycogen - excess glucose is stored, Glucagon - hormone that releases glycogen

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insulin resistance is when cells in your muscle, fat and liver don't respond well to insulin and cant use glucose from your blood for energy. to make up for this, your pancreas makes more insulin. over time your blood sugar levels go up.

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When do these hormones start being produced in the year?

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When do these hormones start being produced in the year?

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oestrogen- the first part of the menstruation cycle
progesterone- after 12 weeks of being pregnant
testosterone -

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Electrolytes are lost