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August 21, 1791 {Beginning of Revolution}

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August 21, 1791 {Beginning of Revolution}

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The people of Haiti decided to revolt against their colonizers and fight for freedom as they felt that all people should be equal and they knew that their colonizers were not treating them equally. I found this date significant enough to include in my timeline because it marked the beginning of a historic revolution where the slaves would unexpectedly beat the colonizers.

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1793 {rebel army fights with Spain against the French}

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1793 {rebel army fights with Spain against the French}

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With France going to war against Spain, winning Saint Domingue was one of their main focuses and main place of fighting, but with Louverture’s military ability and with Jean-Jacques Dessalines and Christophe with him allied with the Spanish against French forces, the French nearly struck disaster as they were losing miserably and stood no chance of defeating Spain without the likes of Louverture on his side. This is significant because it showed the impact that Louverture had in the war between the two major countries which would later prove to be vital as the French would seek his help in war

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Louverture officially decides to switch allegiances and join the French in their fight against the British and Spanish. He chose to switch to the French because the French pledged freedom for the people of Saint-Domingue and Louverture realized that the French wanted equality for all men and realized that they were the best choice.This date is significant because this allegiance marks their first victory as France awards them rights

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France regain control of the colony of Saint Domingue and there is no fighting or conflict with the Haitian people ever since Louverture chose to switch sides and oppose the Spanish and push them out of the colony. This is significant as it now shows that the colony is at peace and the abolishment of slavery led the Haitians to believe that during this time, they were in a stable enough condition to where they didn’t have to fight and could be at peace with their colonizers.

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1802 {Slavery is reintroduced and war for independence breaks out, Louverture gets arrested}

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1802 {Slavery is reintroduced and war for independence breaks out, Louverture gets arrested}

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Napoleon Bonaparte attempts to reinstate slavery within the colony of Saint Domingue. On May 20th, 1802 Napoleon passes a law that counteracted their previous law on February 4th, 1794 that had abolished slavery. This led to an outbreak of violence as the people of Saint Domingue would once again come together to fight against the French and kill any Frenchmen that they encountered. However during all this commotion, Louverture would get arrested and sent back to France where he was put in prison. This is significant as it now marks the beginning of the Haitians fight for not just the abolishment of slavery, but also for their fight for independence to finally give them peace and stability.

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1803 {Louverture dies in France and Dessalines takes over to lead the Haitians, end of war is approaching}

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1803 {Louverture dies in France and Dessalines takes over to lead the Haitians, end of war is approaching}

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As Louverture eventually dies in France as he was left to rot in his prison cell, Dessalines takes over the Haitian troops. Dessalines commanded the rebel army with the aid of the British and helped earn a huge victory over the French. Whilst fighting the French Army, Dessalines still continues to kill all of the remaining white French settlers on the island of Saint Domingue and also destroy their property. This is significant as it marks the close of the revolution and also the actions that he takes against the white settlers of Saint Domingue will later come back within the debt that they will eventually assume.

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1804 {Independence and but not nearly the end of the Revolution, only end of war}

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1804 {Independence and but not nearly the end of the Revolution, only end of war}

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On November 9th, 1803  the colonial troops surrendered marking the end of the war and freedom for the Haitains. Dessalines signed the Declaration of Independence with Christophe and the colony of Saint Domingue was restored back to its original Taino name of Haiti. Dessalines then named himself Emperor for life and caused many revolts and attacks against himself in an attempt to put him down which eventually happens on October 17th, 1806. This is significant because this shows that although the Haitians had gained independence and were now their own country, the people of of high ranks were still power hungry and this led to continuous revolts throughout the years which is why I say that it is not the end of the revolution, but it is the end of a war.

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1825 {The Illegal debt is placed upon the vulnerable Haitians}

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1825 {The Illegal debt is placed upon the vulnerable Haitians}

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With all foreign countries denying the Haitians of foreign ships in their ports or Haitian diplomats in their country, their economic standing and infrastructure was not developing or growing. With the French knowing this, they decided to place a 150 million francs debt upon the Haitian and low import taxes in exchange for diplomatic recognition and promised trade. In addition to this agreement, the French surrounded Haiti with warships during times of negotiation as they knew that the Haitians were very vulnerable to attacks and violence which left the Haitians with no other options but to accept this debt. This debt mainly consisted of the compensation  of all the French property lost and destroyed during war and also the compensation  of all the slaves that the French planters had lost. This debt was introduced under the threat that there would be a reintroduction of slavery, which was illegal under the three treaties that France signed in 1815 banning slavery. This is significant as it shows that this debt was wrongful and that this debt was inevitable when taking into account all the things that would’ve happened to Haiti if they hadn’t accepted that debt and it also shows that although Haiti had won independence and freedom they were still trapped under the rules of one of the world powers and were not going to be released unless they gave in to what the French wanted