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In the 1800s, travelling by cruises was only for the wealthy, grand ocean liners would only offer luxury travel, meaning people that wanted to travel on a budget would want to avoid water transport. From the year 1880, transatlantic immigration increased rapidly, meaning that millions of Europeans crossed the ocean to reacht he united states to live there. Therefroe, this meant that with the increase of passangers, the demand for transport with cruise orgnaisations increased. This resulted in compition between companies in the cruise industry, which then allowed the businesses who gained more publicity to grow the economy rapidly.

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During this era, there were also some technological advances which were made on cruise ships, which majorly effected the industry. In the year of 1794, the Earl of Stanhope built a steam-powered vessel which was names the "Kent", however this was not successful, but left creators with the ideas and resources that they could use to create a steam-powered ship which would work and can be used. As a result of this ship, they continued on to make another steamer which was called the "Charlotte Dundas". Thus ship travelled on the forth and clyde canal which is located near glasgow, this was made in 1801. Eventually, this ship was put into use from 1837. Althought these steamshsips were effective for the travel and tourism industry as they provided quick and efficient travel for passangers, there were also some disadvantages relating to the ship itself. For example, in rough seas, the paddle wheels which were attatched to the cruise could become submerged or even rise out of the water, this would therefore result in harming the engine of the boat. Thankfully, during the 1840s, screw propellers replaces these peddle-wheels, and the engines were made to be larger on all these boats. There were also upgrades such as iron and steel material replacing the wooden aspects on the ships, as a result to this upgrade there were reduced reports of leaks when fitted with the bigger engines. Lastly, fro the 1870s, a more effucient engine was introduced to these cruises, which was called the triple expansion engine. This is an engine which allowed steam to be used three times before this was turned back by the condesner into fresh water for the ships boilers. These boilers were also made to be more advanced which then allowed a higher pressure of steam, overall increasing the amount of steam the engine can use. Consequestnly of all these technological upgrades, this ensured that travel time on water was drastically reduces, providing efficiency for pasangers, allowing faster routes, more reliable trade routes, increasing the quantitiy of routes which could be had and promoting economic growth for the transport sector and travel industry as a whole. This effected everyone world wide, opening many different pathways and entrances to more effective work.

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Throughout this era, as the only cusotmer type for cruises were wealthy poeple, this limitied the quantiity of customers that a cruise company would attarct. This therefore meant littke amounts of income for an organsisation, as they would only focus on luxury crossing across the sea.

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https://www.cruiseinsider.dk/post/cruise-chronicle-1843-1880

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The introduction of steam power in the 19th century revolutionised the shipping industry and made Britain a world-leader in shipbuilding.

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In the early 20th century, some social changes that were important for the cruise industry was the titanic disaster, which led to the introduction of new riles and regulations regarding safety on cruise ships. For example, lifeboat drills were made mandatory, radios on board cruises were made with much stricter rules, and ice patrols on the north Atlantic ocean were made much more frequently, all to ensure that a disaster like this would not happen again. Cruising also became a fashionable experience for wealthy passengers in 1920's and world war 2 in 1940's interrupted the cruise industry as this form of transport was made for military transport. Relating to world was 2, an economic change that was made in the early 20th century for the cruise industry was the return of passengers and income post-war. This meant for cruise companies and organisations there money generation was back on the increase.

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A technological enhancement that was made in the early 20th century was the change from coal to diesel-powered ships. This had some advantages for the cruise industry as it meant that longer journeys were able to operate for cruise ships, it increased speed and efficiency for people working in the cruise industry and the ship itself, and also reduced operational costs for the businesses and companies of the boats.

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Between 1920's-1930's, the cruise industry saw a massive change in customer type and demand for using cruise services. For instance, due to the economic prosperity and how well and quickly the economy was growing, there was a rise in middle-class passengers, meaning that the client base for the industry became more broad. Furthermore, between the 1950s-60s the industry also saw a huge increase in family customer types, meaning that cruises and ships introduced more affordable transport with cruises, and also children's entertainment for the families while on the cruse.

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https://nauticalnotebook.com/jun12-wartime-conversions.html#:~:text=Some%20of%20the%20most%20famous,operations%20for%20two%20major%20reasons.

https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/titanic-disaster-led-to-stricter-maritime-safety-standards-1.1289979#:~:text=In%20the%20months%20and%20years,the%20International%20Convention%20for%20the

https://www.cruisedialysis.co.uk/history-of-cruising/#:~:text=1800s%3A%20Paving%20the%20way%20for%20Transatlantic%20cruising&text=P%26O%20then%20made%20the%20decision,cruising%20as%20we%20know%20it.

https://archive.curbed.com/2017/6/29/15892518/gilded-age-ocean-liner-history-first-class

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Web-based app for making ebooks in the classroom. Teachers can get started for free and invite students to join their library. Add text, images, audio and video and easily publish your books online.

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In the 1960's, a big social and economic change that was made to the cruise industry was the introduction of the caribbean cruises. This then began to emphasise on entertainment and luxury with cruises, and also compete with the speed of travel and convinience, in comparison to air travel. As this then opened new transport and luxury to a wider range of people, the cruise industry also saw an increase in income and money that they were making from the public.

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Between the 1960's-1970's, some technological changes were made, this included introducing stabilisers to the boat. Stabilisers are like fins which are applied just below the waterline on the boat. These stabilisers were introduced to improve customer comfort when travelling via ship, meaning that instead of feeling that the boat is rocky, it is more stable and steady creating a more relaxed feel for tourists. As-well, between the 1970's-1980's, there was an increase in the creation of cruise ships, but instead were being made much bigger, with more space creating a more luxury and expensive feel. This lead onto attracting more passengers onto these new mega ships, meaning more money ad income for businesses, enabling them to grow and expand.

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One way in which customer type and demand for cruise service changed between the 1960's-1980's was through the media. Throughout these years, there were films and media programmes made based on cruises, an example of this would the "the love boat". This was a film which was made to be very popular, and as said by Micheal L. Grace, "the love boat" really made the cruise industry". Therefore, as a result of this film being made, the publicity of cruises then increased, further meaning that customer demand increased. This therefore also meant that profit would've increased for many if these businesses.

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https://www.cruisedialysis.co.uk/history-of-cruising/

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‘The Love Boat’: How a TV show transformed the cruise industry | CNN

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The cruise industry was very different in 1970, catering to an estimated 500,000 passengers. Three decades later that had jumped to five million thanks, say industry experts, in large part to a certain TV show with a catchy theme tune.

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One social change which occurred for the cruise industry in the 1990s was that themed cruises began more common. These themes include music, food and wine, magic and holiday themed cruises. Throughout the year of 2000. their was a huge ageing of the population, which therefore resulted in people retiring, meaning that retirees became a key target audience for longer and more luxurious cruises. In the 1990s, there was also a huge global economic growth, increasing disposable income, which then also led to a massive increase in the cruise industry. Finally, there was also a continued rise in mega-ships, therefore generating more money and income for the cruise industry.

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In the 1990s, there was a huge impact and change which stemmed from technology improving and satellite communication and internet becoming more advanced. This enhancement in technology then allowed cruises to travel with updated information of their journey while using navigation, it also meant that booking were made easier for passengers, they could book online, which then increased revenue for cruise organisations.

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Due to the social change and introduction of themed cruises, this therefore then welcomes different types of customers it mean that those were not usually going on cruises, then started because of the themes and hobbies which they take to an interest were then on board cruises, for example music and wine. Due to this spike of new customers, it then further created more publicity for the cruise industry, creating an even bigger and more intense demand for cruise holidays.

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Throughout the 1990s to the 2000s, this is when cruise companies began to partener up with tour operators organisations, so that there services could be promoted and advertised. These cruise companies also merged with airline companies, this then meant that package holidays were created, promoting updated services and new deals for customers. As a result, this led to a huge increase in client base for the cruise industry.

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History of the Cruise Industry | 1990-Present - CruiseShipJobs.com

10 Ways Cruising Has Changed in the Last 30 Years | Royal Caribbean Blog

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Web-based app for making ebooks in the classroom. Teachers can get started for free and invite students to join their library. Add text, images, audio and video and easily publish your books online.

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One key social change which occured within this time frame, specfically 2015+, was the idea of social media marketing. With platforms such as Instagram and You-tube, there were many different kinds of travelling trends which would go vial. As Social media can reach anyone in the world, this therefore meant that this was a great way of marketing for the Instagram which then led to the biggest economic growth for the industry that they had seen yet. There was also a growth in cruising for countries in Asia, mostly in China, which led to an expansion in cruise lines. However, in 2008, there was a financial crisis, which hugely diflated the demand for cruses, this then caused companies to offer discounted packages and flexible booking policies.

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During this time, there was also many technological advancemnets which were made that changed the cruise industry, for instance there was an introduction of liquefied natural gas ships, which was a way in powering ships that also allowed their to be little negative environment impact. Online booking schemes were also common at this stage, meaning that packages and cruise holiday were able to be booked by passangers online, therefore creating bigger revenue and client base for certain cruise companies. This also meant that people had to rely less on the traditional travel agencies, reducing hassle and obsticales for customers.

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solo travelling throughout this time frame was also very popular, this therefore meant that the demand for services such as single rooms, smaller cabins and diversed activities began to increase. This therefore meant that cruise companies would then have to cater to these needs, in order to attract this kind of customer type. Again there was also a high demand in family travellers which wouldve then increased the demand of things such as packages and deals.

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During the 2000-2010 period, there was an increase in tour operator organsisations offering cruse related services. Companies such as TUI Travel PLC were taking ownerships of cruise lines, while expanding on there cruise related services, shore excursions and also themed cruises.

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https://www.tuigroup.com/en

https://www.cruiseshipodyssey.com/cruise-industry-news-2006-2010/#:~:text=%E2%80%93%20TUI%20Travel%2C%20parent%20company%20of,a%20later%20stage%20of%20development.

https://www.tourwriter.com/cruise-tour-operator/#:~:text=The%20industry%20is%20predicted%20to,opportunities%20are%20endless%20and%20diverse.

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Web-based app for making ebooks in the classroom. Teachers can get started for free and invite students to join their library. Add text, images, audio and video and easily publish your books online.

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From the 2020s up to now is where the cruise industry has seen the biggest impact socilally and economically. For instance, since 2019, due to the covid pandemic, the cruise industry as a result had to completely shutonw, and therefoe ended up loosing billions of income due to the strict reguations of isolating and limited social interaction. Although, since the rules and regulations have now calmed down in caparison to when it was first a big problem, the pandemic has now enhanced health and safety onboard cruises, inceased testing and improved vaccine madates.

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Since 2024, there has been ongoing investments to do with ai-driven cruises, where there will be technology which allows extra comfort and a more relaxing ride for customers. There has also been improvemnets of connectivity onboard, with things such as internet out at sea, which has allowed customers to stay in contact with others who may be at wokr, work romotely from the cruise and share expereinces.

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Since the 2020s more than ever there has been an increase in solo traveller, especially younger people, which is a big change compared to the begining of the time line where the cruise industry was mainly for retirees. With sicual medua engagement relating to cruise travelling, there has expecilly been an increase in the demand for cruise holidays for families and younger independant travelers.

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In 2020, there was thwe laumh of the scarlet lady, which is a ship which is owned by virgins cruise line itself. Virgin creating their own cruise line was a major shift in the indusrtym, and when this ship was launched in 2021, it began to operate from miami with carribean intinaries. In 2022, virgin voyages also announced their aim to expand to the UK market, by offering cruises from portsmouth and other ports.

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https://www.companydebt.com/articles/covid-19-effects-on-cruise-industry/

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To begin with, in the year 1794 there was a steam-powered ship which was built, however turned out to be unsuccessful. This therefore allowed the creators to illiminate what could have gone wrong with the ship, and enables them to create a successful steam-powered ship called "Charlotte Dundas", which launched and was first used in 1837. Moving forward to the 20th Century, more technological advancements were made due to the high demand of rooms and spaces on the cruise ships. Cruise lines had to come up with some ideas that could make travel much more efficient for themselves, meaning that they could go on longer and quicker journeys. Therefore, cruise ships went from coal and seam, to diesel-powered ships. This also allowed cruise ships to reduce down on costs which they were sending for journeys. Although cruise ships became a very efficient way for people to travel across seas, there were also some complaints and a main issue with these ships is that there was significant un-comfort due to the motion of the sea. This lead to an advancements being made in the 1960s-1970s, where stabilisers were dded to the ships, creating more comfort and a relaxed feel to customers journeys. While cruise ships had become much more advanced where passengers were able to enjoy a smooth sail, with efficiency and further journeys, there were also some huge improvements made in the 1990s which effectively changed the experience for crew members working on the cruise ships, and the cruise line services. The internet and saterllite communication had seen huge upgrades, therefore allowing cruises to use different navigation procedures, it made it much easier for crew members controlling the direction of which the ship was sailing. Compared to when ships were being navigated by maps, observation and charting in the 1800s, cruise lines found this a significant help, as it was a much easier way of being quickly updated about ships out at sea, routes being blocked or changed and also faster routed tot heir journeys. In the 2000s-2010s recognition to environmental impact increased, which therefore meant that industries where there was harmful gasses and pollution being released into the local environment had to adapt and figure out ways of how they could limit their negative environmental impact, this therefore meant that many cruises introduced liquefied natural gas ships which was proven to be much less harmful compared to steam powered ships in the 1800s. This brought about may positives for the reputation of these cruise lines, as they showed that they are able to adapt as years pass by and things change. Lastly, from the 2020s up to recent years, cruise ships have never had such a positive outlook on there technology. There has now even been ideas of ai-driven cruises, meaning that there will be little work for crew members when on board. Compared to all the other eras for cruises, this is a positive as it has significantly reduced the pressure and responsibility for crew members, due to the advanced technology which as been introduced. The introduction to internet out at sea has also been brought about, which would highly improve the standard of comfort for passengers. Overall, technology changing over the years has allowed passengers and crew members to have much better experiences on cruise ships.

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Comparison - Changes in customer type and demand 

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Comparison - Changes in customer type and demand 

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Throughout the past years of cruises being a popular way of travelling across the sea, the customer type has significantly changed since the 1800s. To begin with, it was known to be a luxury to be able to afford to travel via cruise. Therefore, the most common customer type for cruises were wealthier people. However, in the early 20th century the cruise industry saw a big change in the demand for cruises and the customers which were reaching out. There was a rise in middle class passengers and families who were attending cruise in the 1950s and 60s. As cruise lines began to recognise this, they would also introduce more affordable packages and family deals, in the hope that they could attract more passengers. They also had services to offer which would now suit the new customers types, such as children's entertainment and all age friendly activities. Moving onto 1960-80s, something which changed the customer type and demand very significantly was a film which was released called "The love boat". This film was very popular, which therefore changed a lot of perspectives on cruise ships, and also introduced cruise ships to those who were unaware of them. This then made people want to experience this, which therefore led to couple, families and groups of people paying to attend cruises. At this point, the change from the 1800s in customers has changed drastically, but it continued to keep developing. Between the 1990 and 2000s, society had developed and expanded, opening up to many different ideas and communities. This effected the cruise industry as customer types were also changing, this means that themed cruises were introduced. This included themes such as music, culture, food and beverage. This is very different to what any cruise line had experienced before, going from only having customer types of people from wealthier backgrounds, to now all different groups of people where they can connect together through themes like music. It had brought many positives, allowing people to socialize and make friends, but also allowing cruise lines to make more income generation and expand on their services. In the 2000s-2010s, it began to be trending for people to solo travel, this then meant that cruises were receiving solo bookings and passengers who were by themselves. The demand for smaller cabins and single rooms hugely increased, meaning that cruise lines had to offer more of these services. It also meant that cruises were able to come up with ew ideas were solo traveler could connect with one another, for instance some cruises would offer dinning areas where there were tables for solo travelers, so that people could talk and interact with others. Similarly, this has also been recognized in the 2020s up to recent years. There is now a high demand of solo travelers more than ever, and also an increase in younger travelers. Overall, as customer types have developed for cruises, the cruise lines services have also expanded, offering many more products ad experiences for all different kinds of people.