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1.Clapp_Enseñar y aprender en cualquier comento.
Es multifacético, necesita un enfoque multidireccional y requiere la participación de múltiples actores en tándem con múltiples herramientas de aula virtual.

Clapp es todo lo que necesitas para ser:
• un aula virtual
• un foro de discusión
• una aplicación de grupo de estudio
• una aplicación de productividad
Un libro de calificaciones
• una aplicación de pizarra
• una aplicación educativa para profesores y estudiantes
2.Miro pozarra digital.
Miro es la plataforma de pizarra colaborativa online que empodera a los equipos distribuidos para que trabajen juntos de forma eficiente y eficaz. Las aplicaciones para móvil y tableta de Miro te ofrecen herramientas para colaborar, crear y ser productivo, en cualquier lugar y en cualquier momento.
3. Jamboard.
Jamboard es la pizarra digital de G Suite que ofrece una rica experiencia de colaboración para equipos y aulas. Observe cómo se desarrolla su creatividad: puede crear un Jam, editarlo desde su dispositivo y compartirlo con otros. Todos pueden colaborar en el Jam en cualquier momento y en cualquier lugar. Para las empresas y escuelas que usan hardware Jamboard, puede usar su teléfono o tableta para unirse o abrir un Jam en un tablero cercano.

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VERIFICACION DE VALIDACION DE CERTIFICADOS

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VERIFICACION DE VALIDACION DE CERTIFICADOS

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Enlace cuestionario internet de las cosas

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Flipsnack is a digital catalog maker that makes it easy to create, publish and share html5 flipbooks. Upload a PDF or design from scratch flyers, magazines, books and more.

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Comentando el vídeo sobre derecho y tecnología

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Comentando el vídeo sobre derecho y tecnología

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¿Qué les pareció?, ¿Cómo es que se da la evolución tecnológica?
Es muy interesante como enfatiza la importancia de la tecnología que va de la mano junto con el derecho. La tecnología hace un poco más fácil el uso de la información del derecho el cual se usa de acuerdo como las personas lo quieren usar..

¿Cómo es que se da la evolución tecnológica?

La evolución de la tecnología se da desde que empezaron a razonar los nómadas atreves de la fuerza y a la creación de instrumentos con la piedra .
¿Qué es la sociedad digital?

La sociedad digital se caracteriza por basar una gran parte de su devenir cotidiano en las tecnologías digitales ya sea el  internet, las computadoras, tabletas, teléfonos

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Derecho y las nuevas tecnología  | Roberto Hung

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2. Determine la relación existente entre los siguientes pares

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_abc Powtoon Transcript

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Process Update | Created using Powtoon - The Visual Communication Platform

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Sign up for free to create engaging, inspiring, and converting videos with Powtoon. Make an Impact.

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Canva es un software y sitio web de herramientas de diseño gráfico simplificado, fundado en 2012. Utiliza un formato de arrastrar y soltar e incluso permite de manera proporcionada hacer grandes

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Cómo usar Canva para crear cualquier diseño

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Usa Canva para uso profesional o personal. Te explicamos todo sobre esta herramienta de diseño gratuita y multiplataforma.

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La robótica es la rama de la ingeniería mecánica, de la ingeniería electrónica y de las ciencias de la computación, que se ocupa del diseño, construcción, operación, estructura, manufactura y aplicación de los robots.

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Mano robótica de Shadow Robot Company

La robótica es una ciencia que aglutina varias ramas tecnológicas: la rama de la ingeniería mecánica, de la ingeniería electrónica y de las ciencias de la computación, ocupándose del diseño, construcción, operación, estructura, manufactura y aplicación de los robots.​​

La robótica combina diversas disciplinas como la mecánica, la electrónica, la informática, la inteligencia artificial, la ingeniería de control y la física.​ Otras áreas importantes en robótica son el álgebra, los autómatas programables, la animatrónica y las máquinas de estados, y se usa también como ayuda para la enseñanza.​

El término robot se popularizó con el éxito de la obra R.U.R. (Robots Universales Rossum), escrita por Karel Čapek en 1920. En la traducción al inglés de dicha obra la palabra checa robota, que significa trabajos forzados o trabajador, fue traducida al inglés como robot.​

Los avances de la robótica han demostrado que hay aparatos robotizados que pueden moverse e interactuar con su entorno basándose en la enorme disponibilidad de sensores precisos y de motores de alto rendimiento, y el desarrollo de complejos algoritmos que permiten cartografiar, localizar, planificar desplazamientos y orientarse mediante coordenadas.​

La robótica va unida a la construcción de "artefactos" que trataban de materializar el deseo humano de crear seres a su semejanza y que al mismo tiempo lo descargasen de trabajos tediosos o peligrosos. El ingeniero español Leonardo Torres Quevedo (que construyó el primer mando a distancia para su automóvil mediante telegrafía, el ajedrecista automático, el primer transbordador aéreo y otros muchos ingenios), acuñó el término " automática " en relación con la teoría de la automatización de tareas tradicionalmente asociadas.

Karel Čapek, un escritor checo, acuñó en 1920 el término "robot" en su obra dramática Rossum's Universal Robots / R.U.R., a partir de la palabra checa robota, que significa servidumbre o trabajo forzado. El término robótica es acuñado por Isaac Asimov, definiendo a la ciencia que estudia a los robots. Asimov creó también las tres leyes de la robótica. En la ciencia ficción se ha imaginado a los robots visitando nuevos mundos, haciéndose con el poder o, simplemente, aliviando de las labores caseras. Los robots se utilizan ampliamente en la fabricación, ensamblaje, empaque y embalaje, minería, transporte, exploración espacial, cirugía,​ armamento, investigación de laboratorio, seguridad y la producción en masa de consumidor y bienes industriales.​

Una de las primeras descripciones de autómatas aparece en el texto , atribuido a Lie Yukou ( ), en el que describe el encuentro, ocurrido varios siglos antes, entre el rey Mu de Zhou (1023-957 a. C.) y un "artífice" conocido como Yan Shi. En este encuentro Shi presenta al rey una supuesta obra mecánica: una figura humana de tamaño natural.

Yan Shi

Descripciones de más de 100 máquinas y autómatas, incluyendo un artefacto con fuego, un órgano de viento, una máquina operada mediante una moneda, una máquina de vapor, en Pneumática y Autómata de Herón de Alejandría.

Autómata

Ctesibio de Alejandría, Filón de Bizancio, Herón de Alexandria, y otros

Un pájaro de madera a vapor que fue capaz de volar.

Arquitas de Tarento

Primeros autómatas humanoides creados, banda de autómata programable.

Banda de robots, autómata de lavado de manos, pavos reales automáticos

Juguetes mecánicos japoneses que sirven té, disparan flechas y pintan.

Juguetes Karakuri

Hisashige Tanaka

1921

Aparece el primer autómata de ficción llamado "robot" en R.U.R.

Rossum's Universal Robots

Karel Čapek

Se exhibe un robot humanoide en la Exposición Universal entre los años 1939 y 1940.

Westinghouse Electric Corporation

1942

La revista Astounding Science Fiction publica "Círculo Vicioso" ( Runaround en inglés), una historia de ciencia ficción donde se da a conocer las tres leyes de la robótica.

SPD-13 (apodado "Speedy")

Isaac Asimov

1956

Primer robot comercial, de la compañía Unimation fundada por George Devol y Joseph Engelberger, basada en una patente de Devol.​

George Devol

1964

Primer robot paletizador de la compañía japonesa Okura Yusoki.​

Okura Yusoki

1971

El primer robot soviético que aterriza exitosamente en la superficie de Marte pero se perdió el contacto pocos segundos después.

Mars 3, dentro del programa Mars

Unión Soviética

1973

Primer robot con seis ejes electromecánicos.

Famulus

KUKA Robot Group

1982

El robot completo ( The Complete Robot en inglés). Una colección de cuentos de ciencia ficción de Isaac Asimov, escritos entre 1940 y 1976, previamente publicados en el libro y en otras antologías, volviendo a explicar las tres leyes de la robótica con más ahínco y complejidad moral. Incluso llega a plantear la muerte de un ser humano por la mano de un robot con las tres leyes programadas, por lo que decide incluir una cuarta ley: la ley cero.

Robbie, SPD-13 (Speedy), QT1 (Cutie), DV-5 (Dave), RB-34 (Herbie), NS-2 (Néstor), NDR (Andrew), Daneel Olivaw

Isaac Asimov

2002

Robot humanoide capaz de desplazarse de forma bípeda e interactuar con las personas.

Honda Motor Co. Ltd

2015

Robot humanoide ginoide capaz de reconocer, recordar caras y simular expresiones.

Hanson Robotics Co. Ltd

Una pierna robótica potenciada por músculos de aire artificiales.

Según su cronología

La que a continuación se presenta es la clasificación más común:

Primera generación: Robots manipuladores. Son sistemas mecánicos multifuncionales con un sencillo sistema de control, bien manual, de secuencia fija o de secuencia variable.

Segunda generación: Robots de aprendizaje. Repiten una secuencia de movimientos que ha sido ejecutada previamente por un operador humano. El modo de hacerlo es a través de un dispositivo mecánico. El operador realiza los movimientos requeridos mientras el robot le sigue y los memoriza.

Tercera generación: Robots con control sensorizado. El controlador es un ordenador que ejecuta las órdenes de un programa y las envía al manipulador o robot para que realice los movimientos necesarios.

Según su estructura

Robot androide

La estructura es definida por el tipo de configuración general del robot, puede ser metamórfica. El concepto de metamorfismo, de reciente aparición, se ha introducido para incrementar la flexibilidad funcional de un robot a través del cambio de su configuración por el propio robot. El metamorfismo admite diversos niveles, desde los más elementales (cambio de herramienta o de efecto terminal), hasta los más complejos como el cambio o alteración de algunos de sus elementos o subsistemas estructurales. Los dispositivos y mecanismos que pueden agruparse bajo la denominación genérica del robot, tal como se ha indicado, son muy diversos y es por tanto difícil establecer una clasificación coherente de los mismos que resista un análisis crítico y riguroso. La subdivisión de los robots, con base en su arquitectura, se hace en los siguientes grupos: poliarticulados, móviles, androides, zoomórficos e híbridos.

Poliarticulados:​ En este grupo se encuentran los robots de muy diversa forma y configuración, cuya característica común es la de ser básicamente sedentarios (aunque excepcionalmente pueden ser guiados para efectuar desplazamientos limitados) y estar estructurados para mover sus elementos terminales en un determinado espacio de trabajo según uno o más sistemas de coordenadas, y con un número limitado de grados de libertad. En este grupo se encuentran los robots manipuladores, los robots industriales y los robots cartesianos, que se emplean cuando es preciso abarcar una zona de trabajo relativamente amplia o alargada, actuar sobre objetos con un plano de simetría vertical o reducir el espacio ocupado en el suelo.

: Son robots con gran capacidad de desplazamiento, basados en carros o plataformas y dotados de un sistema locomotor de tipo rodante. Siguen su camino por telemando o guiándose por la información recibida de su entorno a través de sus sensores. Estos robots aseguran el transporte de piezas de un punto a otro de una cadena de fabricación. Guiados mediante pistas materializadas a través de la radiación electromagnética de circuitos empotrados en el suelo, o a través de bandas detectadas fotoeléctricamente, pueden incluso llegar a sortear obstáculos y están dotados de un nivel relativamente elevado de inteligencia.

: Son los tipos de robots que intentan reproducir total o parcialmente la forma y el comportamiento cinemático del ser humano. Actualmente, los androides son todavía dispositivos muy poco evolucionados y sin utilidad práctica, y destinados, fundamentalmente, al estudio y experimentación. Uno de los aspectos más complejos de estos robots, y sobre el que se centra la mayoría de los trabajos, es el de la locomoción bípeda. En este caso, el principal problema es controlar dinámica y coordinadamente en el tiempo real el proceso y mantener simultáneamente el equilibrio del robot. Vulgarmente se los suele llamar "marionetas" cuando se les ven los cables que permiten ver cómo realiza sus procesos.

Zoomórficos: Los robots zoomórficos, que considerados en sentido no restrictivo podrían incluir también a los androides, constituyen una clase caracterizada principalmente por sus sistemas de locomoción que imitan a los diversos seres vivos. A pesar de la disparidad morfológica de sus posibles sistemas de locomoción es conveniente agrupar a los robots zoomórficos en dos categorías principales: caminadores y no caminadores. El grupo de los robots zoomórficos no caminadores está muy poco evolucionado. Los experimentos efectuados en Japón basados en segmentos cilíndricos biselados acoplados axialmente entre sí y dotados de un movimiento relativo de rotación. Los robots zoomórficos caminadores multípedos son muy numerosos y están siendo objeto de experimentos en diversos laboratorios con vistas al desarrollo posterior de verdaderos vehículos terrenos, pilotados o autónomos, capaces de evolucionar en superficies muy accidentadas. Las aplicaciones de estos robots serán interesantes en el campo de la exploración espacial y en el estudio de los volcanes.

Híbridos: Estos robots corresponden a aquellos de difícil clasificación, cuya estructura se sitúa en combinación con alguna de las anteriores ya expuestas, bien sea por conjunción o por yuxtaposición. Por ejemplo, un dispositivo segmentado articulado y con ruedas es, al mismo tiempo, uno de los atributos de los robots móviles y de los robots zoomórficos.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

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Robótica - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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La robótica es una ciencia que aglutina varias ramas tecnológicas: la rama de la ingeniería mecánica, de la ingeniería electrónica y de las ciencias de la computación, ocupándose del diseño, construcción, operación, estructura, manufactura y aplicación de los robots.​​ La robótica combina diversas disciplinas como la mecánica, la electrónica, la informática, la inteligencia artificial, la ingeniería de control y la física.​ Otras áreas importantes en robótica son el álgebra, los autómatas programables, la animatrónica y las máquinas de estados, y se usa también como ayuda para la enseñanza.​ El término robot se popularizó con el éxito de la obra R.U.R.

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Tesla ​ es una empresa estadounidense con sede en Austin, Texas, y liderada por Elon Musk, que diseña, fabrica y vende automóviles eléctricos, componentes para la propulsión de vehículos eléctricos, techos solares, instalaciones solares fotovoltaicas y baterías domésticas.

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(anteriormente, Tesla Motors, Inc.)​ es una empresa estadounidense con sede en Palo Alto, California, y liderada por Elon Musk, que diseña, fabrica y vende automóviles eléctricos, componentes para la propulsión de vehículos eléctricos y baterías domésticas.​

Fue fundada en julio de 2003 por los ingenieros Martin Eberhard y Marc Tarpenning como Tesla Motors. El nombre de la empresa es un tributo al inventor e ingeniero eléctrico Nikola Tesla.​ Los siguientes tres empleados fueron Ian Wright, Elon Musk y JB Straubel, quienes fueron nombrados co-fundadores de la compañía.​ Elon Musk ya había fundado varias empresas, era millonario y había tenido la idea de desarrollar baterías para el almacenamiento de energía renovable. Después de reunirse con Eberhard y Wright, Musk invirtió 6.5 millones de dólares en la compañía. Por lo que quedó como presidente de la empresa,​ Martin Eberhard como CEO y JB Straubel como CTO.

Tesla Motors diseñó cajas de cambio de una marcha para el Roadster y para el Model S. Combinan un peso bajo con una alta eficiencia para adecuarse a la velocidad y par motor de los motores de inducción de corriente alterna. Se fabrican en la planta de Tesla.​ Los vehículos eléctricos contienen muchos procesadores para controlar funciones de seguridad y potencia. Tesla Motors construye el firmware de muchos procesadores con algoritmos que controlan la tracción, la estabilidad del vehículo, la aceleración, el freno regenerativo, el estado de carga de cada célula del paquete de baterías y los sistemas de seguridad.​

Tesla se fundó para acelerar la transición hacia el transporte sostenible. Tesla en sus inicios redactó su "plan maestro" para influir en la industria desde un punto de vista basado en la energía renovable. Sus objetivos principales eran:

1. Comenzar con un proyecto pequeño fabricando pocas unidades a un precio alto. Fue el Tesla Roadster. Demostró que se podía fabricar un vehículo eléctrico de altas prestaciones que desmontaba el mito de que los vehículos eléctricos eran lentos, pesados, feos y con poca autonomía. Tesla llegó a fabricar hasta 500 unidades al año. Tuvo un gran efecto en la industria y Bob Lutz, antiguo presidente de General Motors afirmó que el Tesla Roadster fue el responsable de que iniciaran el programa del Chevy Volt, que a su vez influyó en el programa del Nissan Leaf.

2. Fabricar un vehículo en mayor volumen de unidades y a un precio menos caro. El Tesla Model S demostró que podía competir con las grandes berlinas de lujo. Sobre la misma plataforma Tesla fabricó el Tesla Model X.

3. Vehículo producido en gran volumen y a un precio accesible. Los beneficios que obtuvo Tesla con los modelos anteriores le permitieron abordar el proyecto del Tesla Model 3. Sobre la misma plataforma Tesla fabricó el Tesla Model Y.​

La idea de fundar una empresa que comercializase coches eléctricos nació en el año 2003, cuando General Motors anunció que retiraría todos los ejemplares del EV1 y los desguazó.​ La empresa AC Propulsion tenía dos equipos trabajando en el desarrollo de un prototipo eléctrico, el T-Zero; en un equipo estaban Martin Eberhard, Marc Tarpenning e Ian Wright, y en el otro equipo estaban Elon Musk y JB Straubel. El objetivo de crear coches impulsados por energía renovable parecía inviable por los múltiples problemas que suponía (escasa autonomía, tiempo de recarga, precio de las baterías, falta de infraestructura, y aparente falta de atractivo para los clientes, como declaró General Motors cuando abandonó el proyecto de coche eléctrico). Tom Gage, presidente de AC Propulsion, propuso que ambos equipos unieran fuerzas si querían dar viabilidad a sus desarrollos, y del dúo Elon Musk y JB Straubel pasaron al trío con la unión de Martin Eberhard para fundar Tesla Motors. Elon Musk ya había fundado varias empresas, era millonario y había tenido la idea de desarrollar baterías para el almacenamiento de energía renovable desde que estudiaba en Stanford, por lo que tenían claro el objetivo. Musk aportaría el dinero necesario para sacar la idea adelante y sería responsable de diseño, Martin Eberhard quedó como CEO y JB Straubel quedó como CTO. La primera ronda de financiación recaudó 7,5 millones de dólares, la mayor parte del bolsillo de Musk. Otros inversores eran Compass Technology Partners, SDL Ventures, y otros inversores privados. En la segunda ronda Musk invirtió 13 millones de dólares. En los primeros años Eberhard llevaba las riendas empresariales, mientras Musk supervisaba el diseño del coche y Straubel la mecánica del vehículo.​ Así sacaron adelante el primer prototipo llamado Tesla Roadster, un prototipo basado en el Lotus Elise. El Tesla se diferenciaba de este en la motorización, y en una insistencia personal de Musk de que la carrocería tendría que ser de fibra de carbono en vez de fibra de vidrio como la del Lotus Elise.​ En mayo de 2006 en la tercera ronda de 40 millones de dólares Musk invirtió junto con otros inversores atraídos por las ideas de la compañía. ​ El objetivo era demostrar que el vehículo eléctrico podía competir con las mejores marcas de deportivos; y con los fondos obtenidos de la venta del primer coche desarrollarían vehículos asequibles.​​ En agosto de 2006 publicaron en su web el plan que ambicionaban: diseñar un deportivo de altas prestaciones. En octubre de ese año recibieron el premio Global Green 2006 en un acto presidido por Mijaíl Gorbachov por el diseño del Tesla Roadster,​ reconocido nuevamente en 2007 con el premio Index Design.​ En mayo de 2007 la cuarta ronda añadió otros 45 millones de dólares acumulando un total de 105 millones de dólares en inversiones.

Los dos últimos años habían demostrado que iban en serio a nivel técnico, pero la situación ejecutiva no era estable debido a problemas económicos. En junio de 2007, en una reunión de la compañía, Martin Eberhard dijo que la producción unitaria del Tesla Roadster superaría los 100.000$, no los 65.000$ que tenían previstos. Un pequeño inversor en Tesla, el CEO de Flextronics llamado Michael Marks, fue nombrado temporalmente CEO de Tesla Motors por Elon Musk para sustituir a Eberhard, siendo sustituido en diciembre de 2007 por Ze'ev Drori, fundador de una empresa de electrónica.​ ​ Martin Eberhard y una docena de ejecutivos de primer nivel fueron despedidos en enero de 2008.​ Tesla se vio forzada a reducir la plantilla en un 10% debido a que el gasto en 2007 estuvo fuera de control.​

En enero de 2008, la aportación económica de la NHTSA, agencia dependiente del gobierno de Estados Unidos, salva a Tesla de la quiebra, aportando 43 millones de dólares a una empresa que llevaba dando pérdidas desde su creación. La quinta ronda de financiación en febrero de 2008 añadió otros 40 millones de dólares. De los 145 millones de dólares que la empresa había recibido, 74 millones provenían de Elon Musk.​ En octubre de 2008, Tesla Motors no es capaz de recaudar los 100 millones de dólares que necesita para subsistir, por lo que Musk asumió la labor de CEO y Ze'ev Drori pasa a ser vicepresidente hasta que abandonó la compañía en diciembre.​ El retraso en el Model S provocó el despido de una cuarta parte de los empleados y el cierre de la oficina de ingeniería de Michigan.​ Darryl Siry, Director de Ventas de Tesla, dimitió diciendo le incomodaba la forma en que la compañía financiaba sus operaciones dependiendo de los depósitos de reserva para el Model S. Dijo que sentía que la compañía estaba crónicamente infrafinanciada e infracapitalizada.​

En enero de 2009, Elon Musk dijo que Tesla entregaría beneficios a partir del segundo semestre de aquel año. Todo ello gracias a una subvención del Departamento de Energía de Estados Unidos para construir una fábrica de coches, que les sería entregada en verano. Cuando peor estaba la situación, Daimler AG adquirió casi el 10% de las acciones de Tesla Motors por un importe de unos 50 millones de dólares en el mes de mayo de 2009. Tesla Motors y Daimler AG acordaron cooperar en sistemas de baterías, sistemas de propulsión para vehículos eléctricos y proyectos de vehículos. Como parte de la colaboración el Prof. Herbert Kohler, Vicepresidente de E-Drive y Future Mobility de Daimler AG, tuvo un asiento en el consejo de administración de Tesla.​ En 2014 Daimler terminó el contrato de suministro con Tesla y vendió sus acciones por 780 millones de USD.​

En julio de 2009 AABAR AD compró a Daimler AG el 40% de las acciones que tenía de Tesla Motors.​ En junio de 2009 el Departamento de Energía de Estados Unidos aprobó la entrega de un préstamo de 465 millones de dólares, que formaba parte de un programa de 8000 millones de dólares para tecnologías avanzadas para vehículos. El préstamo de bajo interés formaba parte del programa Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing Loan Program (ATVM), creado en 2007 durante el mandato de George W. Bush para potenciar los vehículos más eficientes y reducir la dependencia del petróleo extranjero.​ Este dinero supuso el salvamento de Tesla Motors. El préstamo iba dirigido a la ingeniería y producción del Model S y al desarrollo de tecnología eléctrica que Tesla vende a otros fabricantes.​ En septiembre de 2009 Tesla anunció otra ronda de financiación de 82,5 millones de dólares en la que invirtieron Daimler AG, Fjord Capital Partners, Aabar entre otros. Fue la primera ronda de financiación en la que Elon Musk no contribuyó. Hasta la fecha se habían invertido un total de 783,5 millones de dólares en la compañía.​ El 11 de julio Tesla Motors firmó un contrato de producción con Lotus Cars para producir "gliders" (coches completos sin baterías, motor ni componentes eléctricos de propulsión) para Tesla.​ El contrato de producción se prorrogó para mantener el Roadster en producción hasta diciembre de 2011 con un número mínimo de 2400 unidades.​

El 29 de enero de 2010 solicitó la salida a bolsa gestionada por Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley, J. P. Morgan, y Deutsche Bank Securities. El 26 de marzo Tesla afirmó que había vendido 937 Tesla Roadster a clientes de 18 países y había generado un beneficio de 126,8 millones de dólares hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2009.​ El 21 de mayo de 2010 Tesla anunció una colaboración estratégica con Toyota, que compraría 50 millones de dólares en acciones de Tesla Motors.​

El 29 de junio de 2010 Tesla Motors salió a bolsa en el NASDAQ bajo el acrónimo TSLA. La oferta pública consiguió 226 millones de dólares para la compañía. Era el primer fabricante de coches estadounidense en salir a bolsa desde 1956 en que lo hizo Ford Motor Company.​

El 15 de enero de 2019 la acción se cotizaba a 302 USD y la capitalización bursátil era de 51 910 000 000 de USD. A principios de abril de 2017 tenía una capitalización bursátil que rondaba los 47 800 millones de dólares, superando así la valoración de Ford Motor Company (44 900 millones).​ A lo largo de 2017, fue la empresa automovilística que más incrementó su valor de marca según el índice BrandZ.​ En 2018 Tesla afrontó problemas para producir su Model 3.​​

A lo largo de toda la década de 2010, Tesla aumentó rápidamente sus ventas de año en año a costa de no generar beneficios. En julio de 2020, la compañía anunció por primera vez que había conseguido beneficios durante los cuatro trimestres precedentes. La principal contribución a estos beneficios fue la venta de créditos de emisiones de CO2 a competidores, en particular al grupo Fiat Chrysler en la Unión Europea.​

Hasta mayo de 2008 Tesla Motors vendió sus coches por teléfono, internet o en la sede central. Entonces abrió la primera tienda en Los Ángeles, California. En 2012 tenía 20 tiendas y talleres en Norteamérica, Europa y Asia. Las tiendas Tesla están situadas en sectores de lujo de las ciudades más importantes. Algunas combinan tienda con taller de servicio.

George Blankenship, director de ventas de Tesla Motors, dijo:

No queremos vender un coche a la gente, queremos que la gente nos compre un coche porque quiere. Es diferente. Yo creo que todo aquel que venga a una tienda Tesla hoy querrá comprarnos un coche en los próximos 10 años. Eso es lo importante, no los próximos 3 días, sino los próximos 10 años.

El primer coche de la compañía fue el Tesla Roadster, fue el primer automóvil de serie que usando baterías de iones de litio obtiene una autonomía de más de 200 millas (322 km) por carga.​ El modelo base acelera de 0 a 60 millas por hora (97 km/h) en 3,9 segundos y según el análisis medioambiental de Tesla Motors es el doble de eficiente que el Toyota Prius.​ El precio final del modelo básico de 2009 era de 109 000 USD (93 337 euros según la cotización de hoy). Hasta junio de 2012 se habían vendido 2100 unidades en 31 países y habían recorrido más de 37 millones de kilómetros eléctricos.​ Este vehículo apareció en la portada de en diciembre de 2006 como "premio a la mejor invención de transporte de 2006".​ Tesla dejó de admitir pedidos para el Roadster en agosto de 2011.​ Usa un motor de corriente alterna AC que deriva directamente del diseño original de Tesla en 1882.​

* Se refiere a la potencia máxima que pueden desarrollar los motores por separado.

** Se refiere a la potencia máxima que puede entregar la batería y la potencia máxima que pueden entregar los motores en combinado. La potencia máxima disponible dependerá del estado de la batería, es decir, de su nivel de carga, su temperatura y los "C" (tasa de descarga) disponibles.

El Tesla Model X es un todoterreno eléctrico fabricado por Tesla Motors basado en la plataforma del Model S. Inició sus entregas en el mercado estadounidense el 29 de septiembre de 2015.​ Es una mezcla de monovolumen y SUV ( Sport Utility Vehicle) con capacidad para 7 adultos. Usa la misma plataforma que el Model S. Pretende ser más funcional que un monovolumen, más vistoso que un SUV y con más prestaciones que un deportivo. Las puertas traseras son del tipo halcón (Falcon wings) y se abren hacia arriba. Esto permite una mejor accesibilidad a las plazas traseras. El paquete de baterías es plano y está bajo el suelo. La capacidad de la batería es de 60 kWh, 75 kWh, 90 kWh o 100 kWh.

El Model X está equipado con dos motores con una caja reductora de una sola velocidad cada uno, un conjunto en el eje delantero y otro en el trasero, proporcionándole tracción integral All-Wheel Drive.​ La aceleración de 0 a 100 km/h del modelo base es de 6,2 segundos, mientras que el Model X P100D Sig la tiene en 3,1 segundos con "Ludicrous Mode", siendo el todocamino más rápido del mundo.​

* Se refiere a la potencia máxima que pueden desarrollar los motores por separado.

** Se refiere a la potencia máxima que puede entregar la batería y la potencia máxima que pueden entregar los motores en combinado. La potencia máxima disponible dependerá del estado de la batería, es decir, de su nivel de carga, su temperatura y los "C" (tasa de descarga) disponibles.

El modelo básico tiene habilitada la carga rápida ( supercharging) y dispone del hardware para la función de conducción asistida Autopilot. Puede llevar cinco pasajeros con comodidad. Tiene un maletero detrás y otro menor delante con una capacidad de carga superior a cualquier otro turismo de sus medidas exteriores. Puede alojar en el interior una tabla de surf de 210 cm. Obtuvo cinco estrellas en todas las pruebas de seguridad y en todas las categorías. Tiene un techo de cristal panorámico.​

El Tesla Model Y es un crossover eléctrico compacto desarrollado por Tesla Inc. El lanzamiento al mercado fue programado para el otoño de 2020.​​ Fue presentado el 14 de marzo de 2019.​ La producción comenzó en enero de 2020 y las entregas comenzaron el 13 de marzo de 2020.​ Está previsto iniciar las ventas en Europa a principios de 2021.

Dispone de 5 a 7 plazas. Tiene uno o dos motores eléctricos y puede contar con tracción a las cuatro ruedas AWD. La aceleración de 0 a 100 km/h se efectua entre 3,7 segundos y 6,3 segundos. La velocidad punta va de 193 km/h a 241 km/h. Tiene una autonomía de 370 km ( Standard Range) a 483 km ( Long Range) según el ciclo EPA. Guarda un gran parecido con el Tesla Model 3 con el que comparte un 75% de las piezas.​

Tesla Roadster (Segunda Generación)

En noviembre de 2017 Tesla presentó un modelo de camión que puede cargar 36 toneladas. Las primeras entregas están previstas para 2021 (inicialmente la fecha era 2019).​ Tiene cuatro motores eléctricos. Acelera de 0 a 100 km/h a plena carga en 20 segundos. Puede subir pendientes del 5% a 105 km/h. Autonomía de 800 km a plena carga. Tendrá una garantía de 1,6 millones de km. Tendrá funciones avanzadas de conducción autónoma y el control electrónico de sus cuatro motores independientes impide el efecto tijera.​

El Tesla Cybertruck es un vehículo comercial ligero eléctrico de 4 puertas y 6 plazas del fabricante estadounidense Tesla Motors presentado en noviembre de 2019. Se anunciaron tres versiones con autonomías de 400 a 800 km y aceleraciones de 0 a 100 km/h entre 2,9 y 6,5 segundos. El objetivo de Tesla con el desarrollo del Cybertruck es proporcionar un sustituto sostenible para los 6500 pickups que se venden cada día en Estados Unidos.

El precio base de la versión de tracción trasera será de 39 900 USD y los modelos con tracción a las cuatro ruedas comenzarán a partir de 49 900 USD.

El inicio de ventas está previsto para finales de 2021.

Esta camioneta de tipo pickup se ofrecerá en tres versiones:

El Tesla Cyberquad es un vehículo todoterreno de cuatro ruedas eléctrico creado por Tesla, Inc., y exhibido en la presentación de Tesla Cybertruck en Hawthorne, California, en el Tesla Design Studio. Al final de la presentación, Elon Musk anunció 'una cosa más', momento en el que se mostró que el ATV estaba cargado en la parte posterior del Cybertruck. No figura en el sitio web de Tesla a partir del 23 de noviembre de 2019, sin embargo, se menciona en las especificaciones del Cybertruck, mencionando "Espacio para su caja de herramientas, llanta y Cyberquad, con espacio de sobra". El 22 de noviembre de 2019, Elon Musk tuiteó: "El ATV eléctrico Tesla para 2 personas vendrá primero como una opción para Cybertruck". No se mencionó el precio. La marca comercial "Cyberquad" se registró en noviembre de 2019.

El 30 de abril de 2015 Tesla presentó dos sistemas de almacenamiento de energía: Powerwall y Powerpack. El Tesla Powerwall es un paquete de baterías de iones de litio usado como respaldo en la red eléctrica de un domicilio y que puede almacenar energía eléctrica proveniente de la generación de energía renovable, como instalaciones solares o eólicas, o almacenar electricidad en horario nocturno cuando la electricidad es más barata.​ Puede instalarse en exteriores o interiores y no precisa un cuarto cerrado. También permite realizar una instalación eléctrica en lugares remotos sin acceso a la red.

Tesla ofrecía dos capacidades: 7 kWh y 10 kWh. Su precio era de 3 000 USD y 3 500 USD respectivamente. Pueden entregar 5 kW de potencia continua y picos de hasta 7 kW.​ La intensidad suministrada varía desde los 5,8 amperios nominales hasta los 8,6 amperios máximos. Pesan 100 kg y sus dimensiones son 1300 mm x 860 mm x 180 mm. Disponen de un control de temperatura y refrigeración por líquido. El Powerwall no incluye el inversor DC-AC. Tesla diseñó estas baterías de forma modular. Pueden conectarse hasta 9 paquetes para tener una capacidad total de hasta 90 kWh. Tesla ofrece una garantía de 10 años.​ Para instalaciones más grandes

El 28 de octubre de 2016 Elon Musk presentó el Powerwall 2 con un precio de 5500 USD. Puede abastecer una casa de 2 dormitorios durante un día y si tiene suficientes paneles solares lo puede hacer indefinidamente.​ Tiene una capacidad de 14 kWh (13,5 kWh utilizables). Puede entregar 5 kW de potencia continua y picos de hasta 7 kW. Pesa 120 kg y sus dimensiones son 1150 mm x 755 mm x 155 mm. Dispone de un control de temperatura y refrigeración por líquido. El Powerwall 2 incluye un inversor interno DC-AC. Es escalable hasta 9 unidades y tiene una garantía de 10 años. Se puede montar en interior o exterior, en el suelo o colgado en la pared.​

Tesla liberará las patentes de sus sistemas de almacenamiento de energía siguiendo su política de open source.​ Las unidades de almacenamiento Powerwall y Powerpack se fabricaron en la fábrica de Tesla en Fremont durante 2015 y en la Gigafábrica 1 de Tesla de Reno, Nevada, desde 2016.​ Las primeras entregas se realizaron en julio o agosto de 2015.​

Según Elon Musk para cubrir la generación de energía sostenible de Estados Unidos se necesitarían solo 160 millones de Powerpacks para un total de 16 000 GWh. Y para todo el mundo se precisarían 900 millones de Powerpacks para un total de 90 000 GWh. Para cubrir la generación de energía, transporte y calefacción de todo el mundo se necesitarían 2 000 millones de Powerpacks para un total de 200 000 GWh.​

El 7 de mayo de 2015 ya habían sido reservadas 38 000 unidades de Powerwall y 2 500 unidades de Powerpack, 63 000 unidades Powerwall en total, por un valor total de 800 millones USD.​​ Hasta julio de 2015 ya habían sido reservadas 100 000 unidades de Powerwall (incluyendo las unidades para Powerpack), por un valor total de 1000 millones USD.​ Hasta abril de 2018 Tesla había instalado 373 MWh de almaceramiento por baterías, siendo su mayor proyecto el de 129 MWh en South Australia que se terminó en 2017.​

En otoño de 2016 Tesla Motors inició el proceso de fusión con SolarCity, que se dedica a la instalación de paneles solares fotovoltaicos.

El 28 de octubre de 2016 Elon Musk presentó el Solar Roof en un vecindario en el que se había cambiado el tejado tradicional a cuatro casas. Es un sistema de tejas de vidrio que incorporan células fotovoltaicas. Musk destacó que eran bonitas, asequibles y se integraban con la casa proporcionando mejor aislamiento. Ante la caída de objetos pesados presentan una resistencia superior a las tejas de arcilla o de pizarra. Presentó los modelos Textured Glass Tile, Slate Glass Tile, Smooth Glass Tile y Tuscan Glass Tile.​

A principios de 2008 Tesla comenzó a trabajar con Daimler AG en componentes del motor para la versión eléctrica del Smart. Hasta diciembre de 2011 Tesla vendió 2100 paquetes de baterías y cargadores para los Smart fortwo eléctricos.​​​ En 2014 Daimler terminó el contrato de suministro con Tesla y vendió sus acciones por 780 millones de USD.​

Freightliner Custom Chasis es una filial de Daimler AG que fabrica chasis para posteriormente ser carrozados como furgonetas de reparto.​ Tiene una versión eléctrica MT E-CELL All-Electric Delivery Van con un motor de 120 kW que dispone de una autonomía de hasta 100 millas (161 km). La batería se recarga totalmente entre 6 y 8 horas. Alcanza una velocidad de 65 millas por hora (105 km/h). Puede ahorrar en combustible hasta 15 000 USD (12 845 euros al cambio de hoy) al año en comparación con furgonetas similares.​ Tesla Motors les proporciona el paquete de baterías, motor, electrónica de potencia y software.​

Tesla Motors tiene la sede en Palo Alto, California. Centraliza los departamentos de investigación y desarrollo. Allí realiza prototipos y pruebas de baterías, motores, electrónica de potencia y software.​ Tiene 350 000 pies cuadrados (32 516 m²) y está alquilada a Tesla Motors.​ En Hawthorne, California, está alquilado en unas instalaciones de 132 250 pies cuadrados (12 286 m²) dedicadas a ingeniería y servicios de diseño. En Maidenhead, Reino Unido, está alquilado en unas instalaciones de 8870 pies cuadrados (824 m²) dedicadas a administración, ventas, servicio y publicidad.​

La fábrica de Tesla Motors está en Fremont, California. Originalmente fue de GM y la cerró en 1982. En 1984 fue reabierta y operaba conjuntamente por Toyota y General Motors. Se la conocía como NUMMI (New United Motor Manufacturing Inc.). La planta funcionó durante 25 años produciendo 8 millones de vehículos hasta que GM se retiró en 2009. La producción de Toyota Corolla en Norteamérica se trasladó a Cambridge, Ontario, Canadá. Hasta mayo de 2010 NUMMI fabricó una media de 6000 vehículos a la semana.​​

Tesla Motors tomó posesión de la planta el 19 de octubre de 2010.​ y la abrió el 27 de octubre.​ El 22 de junio de 2012 se entregó el primer Tesla Model S en una presentación especial en la fábrica.​ En 2010 Tesla compró la mayoría de las plantas de fabricación por 42 millones de dólares, incluyendo las prensas de carrocería y las máquinas de inyección de plástico. Tesla Motors compró a NUMMI y Toyota con notables descuentos más de 17 millones de dólares de equipos de fabricación y piezas.​ El gobierno de Obama concedió un préstamo federal de 465 millones de dólares con el que la compañía comenzó a reacondicionar la fábrica.​

En la fábrica Tesla Motors realiza el corte y prensado de chapa, la inyección de plástico, el ensamblado de carrocería, la pintura, la fabricación de paquetes de baterías, el montaje final y la prueba de control de calidad.​ La mayor parte de las piezas estampadas y de aluminio y más del 90% de las piezas de plástico del Model S se producen en la planta. En la planta se fabrican más piezas del Model S que las que se hacían para el Toyota Corolla que se producía anteriormente en la fábrica.​ El Tesla Model S tiene más de 2000 piezas que se compran a más de 200 fabricantes externos.​ Las paredes y el suelo de la fábrica se pintaron de blanco y se instalaron muchos lucernarios en los techos para conseguir más luz natural.​

La Gigafábrica 1 de Tesla es una enorme fábrica de baterías de iones de litio que se comenzó a construir en Reno, Nevada en septiembre de 2014.​ Comenzó la producción en 2017 y estará a pleno rendimiento en 2019.​

El coste de construcción será de unos 5 000 millones de USD.​​ Cuando la fábrica esté a pleno rendimiento, Tesla Motors espera obtener una reducción del 30% en el coste de producción de sus baterías para coches eléctricos. Para 2020 espera producir baterías para 500 000 coches Tesla al año. Los modelos equipados con las baterías producidas en la Gigafábrica 1 de Tesla serán el Tesla Model S, Tesla Model X y Tesla Model 3.

El CTO de Tesla JB Straubel dijo que la Gigafábrica 1

'doubling the worldwide capacity in a single factory and reinventing the supply chain.'

'doblará la capacidad mundial (de producción de baterías de iones de litio) en una única fábrica y reinventará la cadena de suministro.'

En la planta se producirán un total de 35 GWh en células de iones de litio para las necesidades de la fábrica de Tesla en Fremont y 15 GWh de células de iones de litio para paquetes de baterías estacionarios (para su uso en edificios).​ Elon Musk dijo que la fábrica tendría una forma de diamante orientada al norte para ubicar mejor los paneles solares de la cubierta, reducir el movimiento de tierras y localizar con facilidad todos los componentes y equipos por GPS.​ La fábrica será autosuficiente energéticamente. Producirá su electricidad con energía solar fotovoltaica y otras energías renovables como la eólica o geotérmica. Tratará de minimizar el impacto medioambiental.​ La planta también reciclará paquetes de baterías usadas.​

Está en el Reno Tahoe Industrial Center en 2641 Portofino Drive, Reno, Nevada, Estados Unidos.​ Ocupa una superficie de 929 030 metros cuadrados.​ La distancia entre la fábrica de Tesla en Fremont (California) y Reno, Nevada es de unos 330 km. El 3 de septiembre de 2014 el gobernador de Nevada Brian Sandoval y Elon Musk anunciaron que la ubicación de la Gigafábrica 1 estaría en Nevada.​

La Gigafábrica 2 de Tesla es una fábrica de paneles solares alquilada por Tesla en Búfalo, Nueva York, Estados Unidos. La fábrica es propiedad del Estado de Nueva York y fue construida en los terrenos de una antigua acería entre 2014 y 2017.

En 2013 los terrenos de la Gigafábrica 2 fueron planificados como un centro de incubación de negocios de energía limpia. SolarCity adquirió Silevo en 2014 y se fusionó con Tesla dos años después. En asociación con Panasonic la fábrica comenzó fabricando módulos fotovoltaicos en 2017 usando células fotovoltaicas importadas de Japón. Empezó su producción comercial de módulos en 2017. En 2018 SolarCity comenzó a fabricar células solares individuales.​ Tras el inicio de la Gigafábrica 1 de Tesla cerca de Reno, Nevada en 2016, Tesla comenzó a referirse a la Gigafábrica SolarCity como Gigafábrica 2.​

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La construcción comenzó en diciembre de 2018 con el vallado y las oficinas.

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Tesla Motors tiene concesionarios propios. En julio de 2010 Tesla contrató al ejecutivo George Blankenship como vicepresidente de diseño y desarrollo de concesionarios. Antes había trabajado en Apple y Gap.​ La mayoría de tiendas Tesla tienen un taller adjunto. En algunos mercados Tesla instalará tiendas y talleres separados.

Tesla ofrece un servicio a domicilio llamado Tesla Rangers en el que le carga al cliente un precio fijo por kilómetro de desplazamiento. Los propietarios de un vehículo Tesla pueden enviar datos de diagnóstico a través de telefonía móvil o en una tarjeta de memoria. Esto permite diagnosticar y reparar muchos problemas antes de mirar el vehículo físicamente. Cuando es necesario un mantenimiento o reparación el cliente pide una cita en un taller Tesla. Los Tesla Rangers pueden realizar bastantes reparaciones en sus desplazamientos, como revisiones anuales, actualizaciones de software y firmware, cambio de módulos electrónicos y algunos componentes mecánicos. Si la reparación es mayor y requiere un elevador el vehículo se lleva al taller Tesla más próximo.​

En 2012 Tesla tenía Service Centers y/o Service Rangers en Chicago, Copenhague, Dania Beach, Denver, Eindhoven, Hong Kong, Los Ángeles, Menlo Park, Milán, Múnich, Newport Beach, New York, Oslo, París, Seattle, Sídney, Tokio, Toronto, Washington DC, Londres y Zúrich.​ En marzo de 2018 disponía de 339 tiendas y centros de servicio en todo el mundo.​

El 25 de septiembre de 2012 Tesla presentó sus estaciones de recarga rápida ( superchargers) en corriente continua. Tesla las instala en las áreas de descanso de las carreteras para que mientras el conductor descansa el coche se recargue. En cada ubicación se instalaban varios postes de carga con una potencia máxima de 120 kW compartida para cada dos postes.

En marzo de 2019 Tesla disponía en todo el mundo de 1441 estaciones de recarga rápida con 12 888 puntos de recarga.

En marzo de 2019 Tesla lanzó una actualización telemática por la que retiró de los vehículos el límite de 120 kW y les permitió cargar hasta 145 kW en toda la red de supercargadores.​ En marzo de 2019 Tesla anunció la versión Supercharger V3 en la que usando PowerPacks de 1 MW y cables refrigerados por líquido conseguía potencias de recarga de hasta 250 kW en cada poste (para Tesla Model 3).

El 20 de junio de 2013 Tesla presentó el sistema de intercambio de baterías para el Tesla Model S. El conductor acude a una estación de intercambio Tesla donde sitúa el coche sobre un foso. Un sistema robotizado quita los tornillos que sujetan el paquete de baterías a la carrocería, retira hacia abajo el paquete descargado, coloca un paquete cargado y aprieta los tornillos con el par de apriete especificado. El conductor no se baja del vehículo durante el proceso que dura 90 segundos.

El 12 de junio de 2014 anunció que liberaba sus patentes para que pudieran ser utilizadas de buena fe para la construcción de vehículos eléctricos. Lo hacía con el espíritu del movimiento open source (código abierto) para hacer avanzar la tecnología del vehículo eléctrico. En 2014 menos del 1% de los vehículos producidos eran eléctricos.

Tesla Motors fabrica y vende sus coches, pero a diferencia de otros fabricantes también opera como fabricante de equipo original ( original equipment manufacturer, OEM). Fabrica componentes para vehículos eléctricos que otros fabricantes pueden comprar y usar con sus propias marcas. Tesla tuvo colaboraciones con Daimler AG y Toyota. También trabaja estrechamente con Panasonic como socio estratégico en la investigación y desarrollo de baterías.​

En mayo de 2009 Daimler AG adquirió casi el 10% de las acciones de Tesla Motors por un importe de unos 50 millones de dólares. El 31 de diciembre de 2011 la filial de Daimler AG Blackstar lnvestco LLC era propietaria de 8 113 215 acciones de Tesla Motors. Tesla Motors y Daimler AG acordaron cooperar en sistemas de baterías, sistemas de propulsión para vehículos eléctricos y proyectos de vehículos. Como parte de la colaboración el Dr. Herbert Kohler, Vicepresidente de E-Drive y Future Mobility de Daimler AG, tuvo un asiento en el Consejo de Dirección de Tesla.​ En julio de 2009 AABAR AD compró a Daimler AG el 40% de las acciones que tenía de Tesla Motors.​ En 2014 Daimler terminó el contrato de suministro con Tesla y vendió sus acciones por 780 millones de USD.​

En abril de 2010 el presidente de Panasonic Energy Company Naoto Noguchi presentó a JB Straubel, CTO de Tesla las primeras baterías de iones de litio producidas en la nueva fábrica de Suminoe, Japón. Esta fábrica comenzó la producción de baterías de 3,1 Ah, que tenían la mayor densidad de energía del mercado en ese momento. La fábrica produce más de 300 millones de baterías al año.​

El 5 de noviembre de 2010 Panasonic invirtió 30 millones de dólares en Tesla Motors con el objetivo de acelerar la expansión del vehículo eléctrico en el mercado del automóvil.​ Panasonic es suministrador de baterías para los paquetes de baterías de Tesla Motors. En octubre de 2011 ambos acordaron el suministro de baterías para más de 80 000 vehículos en 4 años. En noviembre de 2010 Tesla Motors vendió 1 418 573 acciones a Panasonic Corporation a un precio de 21,15 por acción.​

El 14 de abril de 2008 Tesla Motors demandó a Fisker Automotive alegando que Henrik Fisker robó ideas de diseño e información confidencial relativa al diseño de coches eléctricos e híbridos y que estaba usando esa información para el desarrollo del Fisker Karma, que había sido presentado en enero de 2008 en el North American International Auto Show. Tesla había contratado a Fisker Coachbuild y le pagó 800 000 USD para el diseño de carrocería e interiores del sedán WhiteStar (Tesla Model S) pero Elon Musk canceló el diseño propuesto por ser inferior (substandard) a lo contratado. En la fecha del contrato Fisker no comunicó a Tesla que estaba trabajando en un híbrido similar al Tesla Model S.​​

El 3 de noviembre de 2008 Fisker Automotive Inc. publicó un comunicado de prensa afirmando que un árbitro había emitido un laudo a favor de Fisker Automotive Inc. y en contra de Tesla Motors.​ Tesla dijo que el laudo era vinculante y no continuaría con el caso.​

En marzo de 2008 Magna International demandó a Tesla Motors 5,6 millones de dólares por no haber recibido el pago por los servicios prestados en el diseño de una transmisión para el Tesla Roadster. Tesla volvió a un diseño anterior de transmisión fabricada por X-Trac en el que la primera marcha fue retirada en los Roadster de serie.​

El juez de San Mateo County Superior Court falló que Tesla Motors fue creada por un equipo de fundadores: Elon Musk, JB Straubel, Martin Eberhard, Marc Tarpenning, e Ian Wright.​

Tesla Motors demandó por falsedad maliciosa y libelo al programa de coches de la BBC Top Gear en relación al episodio de 2008 en el que Jeremy Clarkson se quejaba de una autonomía de solo 55 millas (89 km) del Tesla Roadster antes de mostrar cómo empujaban el coche hacia el garaje supuestamente por agotamiento de las baterías. Tesla Motors afirmó que ninguno de los dos Tesla Roadster usados bajó de un 20% en la capacidad de la batería durante las pruebas de Top Gear, y que la escena fue guionizada de antemano.

El 19 de octubre de 2011 la High Court de Londres rechazó la demanda de libelo argumentando que Top Gear era un programa de entretenimiento.​

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Tesla, Inc. - Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

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(anteriormente, Tesla Motors, Inc.)​ es una empresa estadounidense con sede en Palo Alto, California, y liderada por Elon Musk, que diseña, fabrica y vende automóviles eléctricos, componentes para la propulsión de vehículos eléctricos y baterías domésticas.​ Fue fundada en julio de 2003 por los ingenieros Martin Eberhard y Marc Tarpenning como Tesla Motors.

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Una de las herramientas para realizar trabajo en forma colaborativa, es Mural, la cual contiene plantillas de diferentes a modo de murales virtuales donde se puede colocar además de texto, contenido multimedia: imágenes, videos, íconos, entre otros.

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mural, a painting applied to and made integral with the surface of a wall or ceiling. The term may properly include painting on fired tiles but ordinarily does not refer to mosaic decoration unless the mosaic forms part of the overall scheme of the painting.

Nature and technique

Mural painting is inherently different from all other forms of pictorial art in that it is organically connected with architecture. The use of colour, design, and thematic treatment can radically alter the sensation of spatial proportions of the building. In this sense, mural is the only form of painting that is truly three-dimensional, since it modifies and partakes of a given space. Byzantine mosaic decoration evinced the greatest respect for organic architectural form. The great artists of the Renaissance, on the other hand, attempted to create an illusionistic feeling for space, and the masters of the subsequent Baroque period obtained such radical effects as to seem to dissolve almost entirely the walls or ceilings. Apart from its organic relation to architecture, a second characteristic of mural painting is its broad public significance. The mural artist must conceive pictorially a social, religious, or patriotic theme on the appropriate scale in reference both to the structural exigencies of the wall and to the idea expressed.

In the history of mural painting, many techniques have been used: encaustic painting, tempera painting, fresco painting, ceramics, oil paint on canvas, and, more recently, liquid silicate and fired porcelain enamel. In Classical Greco-Roman times, the most common medium was encaustic, in which colours are ground in a molten beeswax binder (or resin binder) and applied to the painting surface while hot. Tempera painting was also practiced from the earliest known times; the binder was an albuminous medium such as egg yolk or egg white diluted in water. In 16th-century Europe, oil paint on canvas came into general use for murals. The fact that it could be completed in the artist's studio and later transported to its destination and attached to the wall was of practical convenience. Yet oil paint is the least-satisfactory medium for murals: it lacks both brilliance of colour and surface texture, many pigments are yellowed by the binder or are affected by atmospheric conditions, and the canvas itself is subject to rapid deterioration.

The Romans used mural painting to an extraordinary extent. In Pompeii and Ostia the walls and ceilings of almost all buildings, public and private, were painted in unified, inventive decorative schemes that encompassed a wide range of pictures, including landscape, still life, and figured scenes. However, at no other time before or since has mural decoration received a higher degree of creative concentration by artist and patron than in Europe during the Renaissance. A continuously inventive spirit and inquiring mind, a wealth of support from patrons, and an ever-awakening attitude toward new creative possibilities are characteristics of this remarkable age. One speaks by and large of an Early Renaissance (15th century), a High Renaissance (1500-30), and a Late Renaissance, or Mannerist, style (second and third quarters of the 16th century). The centres of activity were the various cities and the rival personalities and families who dominated each area as political and cultural leaders.

In Florence, undoubtedly the most important centre, the development reveals an emphasis on specific problems of form almost to the point of obsession. It began with the concentration on the monumental figure by Masaccio, whereby the solidly built forms in a three-dimensional space are closely integrated by gesture and light and shade to produce a dramatic unity. The skill seems to have been recognized and developed by succeeding artists such as Paolo Uccello, Piero della Francesca, and Melozzo da Forli. The grandiose frescoes of Luca Signorelli (chapel of San Brizio, Orvieto) reveal the concentration on anatomy and the well-modeled structure of many nude figures to achieve greater strength and articulation. This then becomes the point of departure for the great art of Michelangelo in the next century.

A second tradition is the more conservative and Gothic one exemplified by the pure and mystic expression of Fra Angelico ( San Marco, Florence). A third tradition is a kind of romantic realism to be found in the frescoes by Fra Filippo Lippi (the cathedral at Prato) and Benozzo Gozzoli ( Medici Palace chapel, Florence). Both Lippi's and Gozzoli's murals reveal an awareness of the artistic problems of Masaccio but also a new interest in nature and its recognizable and realistic representation. Finally, these heterogeneous elements are combined into a highly sensitive and decorative style during the last quarter of the 15th century, particularly in the frescoes of Domenico Ghirlandaio and Sandro Botticelli.

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Mural | Definition, History, Technique, & Facts

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Mural, a painting applied to and made integral with the surface of a wall or ceiling. The term may properly include painting on fired tiles but ordinarily does not refer to mosaic decoration unless the mosaic forms part of the overall scheme of the painting. Mural painting is inherently different

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Blockchain.com es un servicio de exploración de bloques de Bitcoin, así como un monedero de criptodivisas y un intercambio de criptodivisas que soporta Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash y Ethereum. La empresa comenzó como el primer explorador de Blockchain de Bitcoin en 2011.

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A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records ( blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves). Since each block contains information about the previous block, they effectively form a chain (compare linked list data structure), with each additional block linking to the ones before it. Consequently, blockchain transactions are irreversible in that, once they are recorded, the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks.

Blockchains are typically managed by a peer-to-peer (P2P) computer network for use as a public distributed ledger, where nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks. Although blockchain records are not unalterable, since blockchain forks are possible, blockchains may be considered secure by design and exemplify a distributed computing system with high Byzantine fault tolerance.

A blockchain was created by a person (or group of people) using the name (or pseudonym) Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 to serve as the public distributed ledger for bitcoin cryptocurrency transactions, based on previous work by Stuart Haber, W. Scott Stornetta, and Dave Bayer. The implementation of the blockchain within bitcoin made it the first digital currency to solve the double-spending problem without the need of a trusted authority or central server. The bitcoin design has inspired other applications and blockchains that are readable by the public and are widely used by cryptocurrencies. The blockchain may be considered a type of payment rail.

Private blockchains have been proposed for business use. Computerworld called the marketing of such privatized blockchains without a proper security model " snake oil"; however, others have argued that permissioned blockchains, if carefully designed, may be more decentralized and therefore more secure in practice than permissionless ones.

Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin transactions per day (January 2011 - January 2021)

Cryptographer David Chaum first proposed a blockchain-like protocol in his 1982 dissertation "Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspicious Groups." Further work on a cryptographically secured chain of blocks was described in 1991 by Stuart Haber and W. Scott Stornetta. They wanted to implement a system wherein document timestamps could not be tampered with. In 1992, Haber, Stornetta, and Dave Bayer incorporated Merkle trees into the design, which improved its efficiency by allowing several document certificates to be collected into one block. Under their company Surety, their document certificate hashes have been published in The New York Times every week since 1995.

The first decentralized blockchain was conceptualized by a person (or group of people) known as Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008. Nakamoto improved the design in an important way using a Hashcash-like method to timestamp blocks without requiring them to be signed by a trusted party and introducing a difficulty parameter to stabilize the rate at which blocks are added to the chain. The design was implemented the following year by Nakamoto as a core component of the cryptocurrency bitcoin, where it serves as the public ledger for all transactions on the network.

In August 2014, the bitcoin blockchain file size, containing records of all transactions that have occurred on the network, reached 20 GB ( gigabytes). In January 2015, the size had grown to almost 30 GB, and from January 2016 to January 2017, the bitcoin blockchain grew from 50 GB to 100 GB in size. The ledger size had exceeded 200 GB by early 2020.

The words block and chain were used separately in Satoshi Nakamoto's original paper, but were eventually popularized as a single word, blockchain, by 2016.

According to Accenture, an application of the diffusion of innovations theory suggests that blockchains attained a 13.5% adoption rate within financial services in 2016, therefore reaching the early adopters' phase. Industry trade groups joined to create the Global Blockchain Forum in 2016, an initiative of the Chamber of Digital Commerce.

Structure and design

Blockchain formation. The main chain (black) consists of the longest series of blocks from the genesis block (green) to the current block. Orphan blocks (purple) exist outside of the main chain.

A blockchain is a decentralized, distributed, and often public, digital ledger consisting of records called blocks that are used to record transactions across many computers so that any involved block cannot be altered retroactively, without the alteration of all subsequent blocks. This allows the participants to verify and audit transactions independently and relatively inexpensively. A blockchain database is managed autonomously using a peer-to-peer network and a distributed timestamping server. They are authenticated by mass collaboration powered by collective self-interests. Such a design facilitates robust workflow where participants' uncertainty regarding data security is marginal. The use of a blockchain removes the characteristic of infinite reproducibility from a digital asset. It confirms that each unit of value was transferred only once, solving the long-standing problem of double-spending. A blockchain has been described as a value-exchange protocol. A blockchain can maintain title rights because, when properly set up to detail the exchange agreement, it provides a record that compels offer and acceptance.[citation needed ]

Logically, a blockchain can be seen as consisting of several layers:

Blocks hold batches of valid transactions that are hashed and encoded into a Merkle tree. Each block includes the cryptographic hash of the prior block in the blockchain, linking the two. The linked blocks form a chain. This iterative process confirms the integrity of the previous block, all the way back to the initial block, which is known as the genesis block (Block 0). To assure the integrity of a block and the data contained in it, the block is usually digitally signed.

Sometimes separate blocks can be produced concurrently, creating a temporary fork. In addition to a secure hash-based history, any blockchain has a specified algorithm for scoring different versions of the history so that one with a higher score can be selected over others. Blocks not selected for inclusion in the chain are called orphan blocks. Peers supporting the database have different versions of the history from time to time. They keep only the highest-scoring version of the database known to them. Whenever a peer receives a higher-scoring version (usually the old version with a single new block added) they extend or overwrite their own database and retransmit the improvement to their peers. There is never an absolute guarantee that any particular entry will remain in the best version of history forever. Blockchains are typically built to add the score of new blocks onto old blocks and are given incentives to extend with new blocks rather than overwrite old blocks. Therefore, the probability of an entry becoming superseded decreases exponentially as more blocks are built on top of it, eventually becoming very low. For example, bitcoin uses a proof-of-work system, where the chain with the most cumulative proof-of-work is considered the valid one by the network. There are a number of methods that can be used to demonstrate a sufficient level of computation. Within a blockchain the computation is carried out redundantly rather than in the traditional segregated and parallel manner.

The block time is the average time it takes for the network to generate one extra block in the blockchain. By the time of block completion, the included data becomes verifiable. In cryptocurrency, this is practically when the transaction takes place, so a shorter block time means faster transactions. The block time for Ethereum is set to between 14 and 15 seconds, while for bitcoin it is on average 10 minutes.

Decentralization

By storing data across its peer-to-peer network, the blockchain eliminates some risks that come with data being held centrally. The decentralized blockchain may use ad hoc message passing and distributed networking.

Blockchain security methods include the use of public-key cryptography. A public key (a long, random-looking string of numbers) is an address on the blockchain. Value tokens sent across the network are recorded as belonging to that address. A private key is like a password that gives its owner access to their digital assets or the means to otherwise interact with the various capabilities that blockchains now support. Data stored on the blockchain is generally considered incorruptible.

Every node in a decentralized system has a copy of the blockchain. Data quality is maintained by massive database replication and computational trust. No centralized "official" copy exists and no user is "trusted" more than any other. Transactions are broadcast to the network using the software. Messages are delivered on a best-effort basis. Early blockchains rely on energy-intensive mining nodes to validate transactions, add them to the block they are building, and then broadcast the completed block to other nodes. Blockchains use various time-stamping schemes, such as proof-of-work, to serialize changes. Later consensus methods include proof of stake. The growth of a decentralized blockchain is accompanied by the risk of centralization because the computer resources required to process larger amounts of data become more expensive.

Finality is the level of confidence that the well-formed block recently appended to the blockchain will not be revoked in the future (is "finalized") and thus can be trusted. Most distributed blockchain protocols, whether proof of work or proof of stake, cannot guarantee the finality of a freshly committed block, and instead rely on "probabilistic finality": as the block goes deeper into a blockchain, it is less likely to be altered or reverted by a newly found consensus.

Byzantine fault tolerance-based proof-of-stake protocols purport to provide so called "absolute finality": a randomly chosen validator proposes a block, the rest of validators vote on it, and, if a supermajority decision approves it, the block is irreversibly committed into the blockchain. A modification of this method, an "economic finality", is used in practical protocols, like the Casper protocol used in Ethereum: validators which sign two different blocks at the same position in the blockchain are subject to "slashing", where their leveraged stake is forfeited.

Open blockchains are more user-friendly than some traditional ownership records, which, while open to the public, still require physical access to view. Because all early blockchains were permissionless, controversy has arisen over the blockchain definition. An issue in this ongoing debate is whether a private system with verifiers tasked and authorized (permissioned) by a central authority should be considered a blockchain. Proponents of permissioned or private chains argue that the term "blockchain" may be applied to any data structure that batches data into time-stamped blocks. These blockchains serve as a distributed version of multiversion concurrency control (MVCC) in databases. Just as MVCC prevents two transactions from concurrently modifying a single object in a database, blockchains prevent two transactions from spending the same single output in a blockchain. Opponents say that permissioned systems resemble traditional corporate databases, not supporting decentralized data verification, and that such systems are not hardened against operator tampering and revision. Nikolai Hampton of Computerworld said that "many in-house blockchain solutions will be nothing more than cumbersome databases," and "without a clear security model, proprietary blockchains should be eyed with suspicion."

Permissionless (public) blockchain

An advantage to an open, permissionless, or public, blockchain network is that guarding against bad actors is not required and no access control is needed. This means that applications can be added to the network without the approval or trust of others, using the blockchain as a transport layer.

Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies currently secure their blockchain by requiring new entries to include proof of work. To prolong the blockchain, bitcoin uses Hashcash puzzles. While Hashcash was designed in 1997 by Adam Back, the original idea was first proposed by Cynthia Dwork and Moni Naor and Eli Ponyatovski in their 1992 paper "Pricing via Processing or Combatting Junk Mail".

In 2016, venture capital investment for blockchain-related projects was weakening in the USA but increasing in China. Bitcoin and many other cryptocurrencies use open (public) blockchains. As of April 2018, bitcoin has the highest market capitalization.

Permissioned (private) blockchain

Permissioned blockchains use an access control layer to govern who has access to the network. It has been argued that permissioned blockchains can guarantee a certain level of decentralization, if carefully designed, as opposed to permissionless blockchains, which are often centralized in practice.

Disadvantages of permissioned blockchain

Nikolai Hampton argued in Computerworld that "There is also no need for a '51 percent' attack on a private blockchain, as the private blockchain (most likely) already controls 100 percent of all block creation resources. If you could attack or damage the blockchain creation tools on a private corporate server, you could effectively control 100 percent of their network and alter transactions however you wished." This has a set of particularly profound adverse implications during a financial crisis or debt crisis like the financial crisis of 2007-08, where politically powerful actors may make decisions that favor some groups at the expense of others, and "the bitcoin blockchain is protected by the massive group mining effort. It's unlikely that any private blockchain will try to protect records using gigawatts of computing power - it's time-consuming and expensive." He also said, "Within a private blockchain there is also no 'race'; there's no incentive to use more power or discover blocks faster than competitors. This means that many in-house blockchain solutions will be nothing more than cumbersome databases."

Blockchain analysis

The analysis of public blockchains has become increasingly important with the popularity of bitcoin, Ethereum, litecoin and other cryptocurrencies. A blockchain, if it is public, provides anyone who wants access to observe and analyse the chain data, given one has the know-how. The process of understanding and accessing the flow of crypto has been an issue for many cryptocurrencies, crypto exchanges and banks. The reason for this is accusations of blockchain-enabled cryptocurrencies enabling illicit dark market trade of drugs, weapons, money laundering, etc. A common belief has been that cryptocurrency is private and untraceable, thus leading many actors to use it for illegal purposes. This is changing and now specialised tech companies provide blockchain tracking services, making crypto exchanges, law-enforcement and banks more aware of what is happening with crypto funds and fiat-crypto exchanges. The development, some argue, has led criminals to prioritise the use of new cryptos such as Monero.

Standardisation

In April 2016, Standards Australia submitted a proposal to the International Organization for Standardization to consider developing standards to support blockchain technology. This proposal resulted in the creation of ISO Technical Committee 307, Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies. The technical committee has working groups relating to blockchain terminology, reference architecture, security and privacy, identity, smart contracts, governance and interoperability for blockchain and DLT, as well as standards specific to industry sectors and generic government requirements.[non-primary source needed ] More than 50 countries are participating in the standardization process together with external liaisons such as the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), the European Commission, the International Federation of Surveyors, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE).

Many other national standards bodies and open standards bodies are also working on blockchain standards. These include the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization (CENELEC), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards ( OASIS), and some individual participants in the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF).

Centralized blockchain

Although most of blockchain implementation are decentralized and distributed, Oracle launched a centralized blockchain table feature in Oracle 21c database. The Blockchain Table in Oracle 21c database is a centralized blockchain which provide immutable feature. Compared to decentralized blockchains, centralized blockchains normally can provide a higher throughput and lower latency of transactions than consensus-based distributed blockchains.

Currently, there are at least four types of blockchain networks - public blockchains, private blockchains, consortium blockchains and hybrid blockchains.

Public blockchains

A public blockchain has absolutely no access restrictions. Anyone with an Internet connection can send transactions to it as well as become a validator (i.e., participate in the execution of a consensus protocol).[self-published source? ] Usually, such networks offer economic incentives for those who secure them and utilize some type of a proof-of-stake or proof-of-work algorithm.

Some of the largest, most known public blockchains are the bitcoin blockchain and the Ethereum blockchain.

Private blockchains

A private blockchain is permissioned. One cannot join it unless invited by the network administrators. Participant and validator access is restricted. To distinguish between open blockchains and other peer-to-peer decentralized database applications that are not open ad-hoc compute clusters, the terminology Distributed Ledger (DLT) is normally used for private blockchains.

Hybrid blockchains

A hybrid blockchain has a combination of centralized and decentralized features. The exact workings of the chain can vary based on which portions of centralization and decentralization are used.

Sidechains

A sidechain is a designation for a blockchain ledger that runs in parallel to a primary blockchain. Entries from the primary blockchain (where said entries typically represent digital assets) can be linked to and from the sidechain; this allows the sidechain to otherwise operate independently of the primary blockchain (e.g., by using an alternate means of record keeping, alternate consensus algorithm, etc.).[better source needed ]

Consortium blockchain

A consortium blockchain is a type of blockchain that combines elements of both public and private blockchains. In a consortium blockchain, a group of organizations come together to create and operate the blockchain, rather than a single entity. The consortium members jointly manage the blockchain network and are responsible for validating transactions. Consortium blockchains are permissioned, meaning that only certain individuals or organizations are allowed to participate in the network. This allows for greater control over who can access the blockchain and helps to ensure that sensitive information is kept confidential.

Consortium blockchains are commonly used in industries where multiple organizations need to collaborate on a common goal, such as supply chain management or financial services. One advantage of consortium blockchains is that they can be more efficient and scalable than public blockchains, as the number of nodes required to validate transactions is typically smaller. Additionally, consortium blockchains can provide greater security and reliability than private blockchains, as the consortium members work together to maintain the network. Some examples of consortium blockchains include Quorum and Hyperledger.

Bitcoin's transactions are recorded on a publicly viewable blockchain.

Blockchain technology can be integrated into multiple areas. The primary use of blockchains is as a distributed ledger for cryptocurrencies such as bitcoin; there were also a few other operational products that had matured from proof of concept by late 2016. As of 2016, some businesses have been testing the technology and conducting low-level implementation to gauge blockchain's effects on organizational efficiency in their back office.

In 2019, it was estimated that around $2.9 billion were invested in blockchain technology, which represents an 89% increase from the year prior. Additionally, the International Data Corp has estimated that corporate investment into blockchain technology will reach $12.4 billion by 2022. Furthermore, According to PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), the second-largest professional services network in the world, blockchain technology has the potential to generate an annual business value of more than $3 trillion by 2030. PwC's estimate is further augmented by a 2018 study that they have conducted, in which PwC surveyed 600 business executives and determined that 84% have at least some exposure to utilizing blockchain technology, which indicates a significant demand and interest in blockchain technology.

In 2019, the BBC World Service radio and podcast series Fifty Things That Made the Modern Economy identified blockchain as a technology that would have far-reaching consequences for economics and society. The economist and Financial Times journalist and broadcaster Tim Harford discussed why the underlying technology might have much wider applications and the challenges that needed to be overcome. His first broadcast was on June 29, 2019.

The number of blockchain wallets quadrupled to 40 million between 2016 and 2020.

Cryptocurrencies

Most cryptocurrencies use blockchain technology to record transactions. For example, the bitcoin network and Ethereum network are both based on blockchain.

The criminal enterprise Silk Road, which operated on Tor, utilized cryptocurrency for payments, some of which the US federal government has seized through research on the blockchain and forfeiture.

Smart contracts

Blockchain-based smart contracts are proposed contracts that can be partially or fully executed or enforced without human interaction. One of the main objectives of a smart contract is automated escrow. A key feature of smart contracts is that they do not need a trusted third party (such as a trustee) to act as an intermediary between contracting entities - the blockchain network executes the contract on its own. This may reduce friction between entities when transferring value and could subsequently open the door to a higher level of transaction automation. An IMF staff discussion from 2018 reported that smart contracts based on blockchain technology might reduce moral hazards and optimize the use of contracts in general. But "no viable smart contract systems have yet emerged." Due to the lack of widespread use, their legal status was unclear.

Financial services

According to , many banks have expressed interest in implementing distributed ledgers for use in banking and are cooperating with companies creating private blockchains, and according to a September 2016 IBM study, this is occurring faster than expected.

Banks are interested in this technology not least because it has the potential to speed up back office settlement systems. Moreover, as the blockchain industry has reached early maturity institutional appreciation has grown that it is, practically speaking, the infrastructure of a whole new financial industry, with all the implications which that entails.

The blockchain has also given rise to initial coin offerings (ICOs) as well as a new category of digital asset called security token offerings (STOs), also sometimes referred to as digital security offerings (DSOs). STO/DSOs may be conducted privately or on public, regulated stock exchange and are used to tokenize traditional assets such as company shares as well as more innovative ones like intellectual property, real estate, art, or individual products. A number of companies are active in this space providing services for compliant tokenization, private STOs, and public STOs.

Blockchain technology, such as cryptocurrencies and non-fungible tokens (NFTs), has been used in video games for monetization. Many live-service games offer in-game customization options, such as character skins or other in-game items, which the players can earn and trade with other players using in-game currency. Some games also allow for trading of virtual items using real-world currency, but this may be illegal in some countries where video games are seen as akin to gambling, and has led to gray market issues such as skin gambling, and thus publishers typically have shied away from allowing players to earn real-world funds from games. Blockchain games typically allow players to trade these in-game items for cryptocurrency, which can then be exchanged for money.

The first known game to use blockchain technologies was CryptoKitties, launched in November 2017, where the player would purchase NFTs with Ethereum cryptocurrency, each NFT consisting of a virtual pet that the player could breed with others to create offspring with combined traits as new NFTs. The game made headlines in December 2017 when one virtual pet sold for more than US$100,000. CryptoKitties also illustrated scalability problems for games on Ethereum when it created significant congestion on the Ethereum network in early 2018 with approximately 30% of all Ethereum transactions[clarification needed ] being for the game.

By the early 2020s, there had not been a breakout success in video games using blockchain, as these games tend to focus on using blockchain for speculation instead of more traditional forms of gameplay, which offers limited appeal to most players. Such games also represent a high risk to investors as their revenues can be difficult to predict. However, limited successes of some games, such as Axie Infinity during the COVID-19 pandemic, and corporate plans towards metaverse content, refueled interest in the area of GameFi, a term describing the intersection of video games and financing typically backed by blockchain currency, in the second half of 2021. Several major publishers, including Ubisoft, Electronic Arts, and Take Two Interactive, have stated that blockchain and NFT-based games are under serious consideration for their companies in the future.

In October 2021, Valve Corporation banned blockchain games, including those using cryptocurrency and NFTs, from being hosted on its Steam digital storefront service, which is widely used for personal computer gaming, claiming that this was an extension of their policy banning games that offered in-game items with real-world value. Valve's prior history with gambling, specifically skin gambling, was speculated to be a factor in the decision to ban blockchain games. Journalists and players responded positively to Valve's decision as blockchain and NFT games have a reputation for scams and fraud among most PC gamers, and Epic Games, which runs the Epic Games Store in competition to Steam, said that they would be open to accepted blockchain games in the wake of Valve's refusal.

Supply chain

There have been several different efforts to employ blockchains in supply chain management.

Precious commodities mining - Blockchain technology has been used for tracking the origins of gemstones and other precious commodities. In 2016, The Wall Street Journal reported that the blockchain technology company Everledger was partnering with IBM's blockchain-based tracking service to trace the origin of diamonds to ensure that they were ethically mined. As of 2019, the Diamond Trading Company (DTC) has been involved in building a diamond trading supply chain product called Tracr.

Food supply - As of 2018, Walmart and IBM were running a trial to use a blockchain-backed system for supply chain monitoring for lettuce and spinach - all nodes of the blockchain were administered by Walmart and were located on the IBM cloud.

Fashion industry - There is an opaque relationship between brands, distributors, and customers in the fashion industry, which will prevent the sustainable and stable development of the fashion industry. Blockchain makes up for this shortcoming and makes information transparent, solving the difficulty of sustainable development of the industry.

Motor vehicles - Mercedes-Benz and partner Icertis developed a blockchain prototype used to facilitate consistent documentation of contracts along the supply chain so that the ethical standards and contractual obligations required of its direct suppliers can be passed on to second tier suppliers and beyond. In another project, the company uses blockchain technology to track the emissions of climate-relevant gases and the amount of secondary material along the supply chain for its battery cell manufacturers.

Domain names

Namecoin is a cryptocurrency that supports the ".bit" top-level domain (TLD). Namecoin was forked from bitcoin in 2011. The .bit TLD is not sanctioned by ICANN, instead requiring an alternative DNS root. As of 2015, .bit was used by 28 websites, out of 120,000 registered names. Namecoin was dropped by OpenNIC in 2019, due to malware and potential other legal issues. Other blockchain alternatives to ICANN include The Handshake Network, EmerDNS, and Unstoppable Domains.

Blockchain technology can be used to create a permanent, public, transparent ledger system for compiling data on sales, tracking digital use and payments to content creators, such as wireless users or musicians. The Gartner 2019 CIO Survey reported 2% of higher education respondents had launched blockchain projects and another 18% were planning academic projects in the next 24 months. In 2017, IBM partnered with ASCAP and PRS for Music to adopt blockchain technology in music distribution. Imogen Heap's Mycelia service has also been proposed as a blockchain-based alternative "that gives artists more control over how their songs and associated data circulate among fans and other musicians."

New distribution methods are available for the insurance industry such as peer-to-peer insurance, parametric insurance and microinsurance following the adoption of blockchain. The sharing economy and IoT are also set to benefit from blockchains because they involve many collaborating peers. The use of blockchain in libraries is being studied with a grant from the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services.

Other blockchain designs include Hyperledger, a collaborative effort from the Linux Foundation to support blockchain-based distributed ledgers, with projects under this initiative including Hyperledger Burrow (by Monax) and Hyperledger Fabric (spearheaded by IBM). Another is Quorum, a permissioned private blockchain by JPMorgan Chase with private storage, used for contract applications.

Lightweight blockchains, or simplified blockchains, are more suitable for internet of things (IoT) applications than conventional blockchains. One experiment suggested that a lightweight blockchain-based network could accommodate up to 1.34 million authentication processes every second, which could be sufficient for resource-constrained IoT networks.

Blockchain could be used in detecting counterfeits by associating unique identifiers to products, documents and shipments, and storing records associated with transactions that cannot be forged or altered. It is however argued that blockchain technology needs to be supplemented with technologies that provide a strong binding between physical objects and blockchain systems, as well as provisions for content creator verification ala KYC standards. The EUIPO established an Anti-Counterfeiting Blockathon Forum, with the objective of "defining, piloting and implementing" an anti-counterfeiting infrastructure at the European level. The Dutch Standardisation organisation NEN uses blockchain together with QR Codes to authenticate certificates.

Beijing and Shanghai are among the cities designated by China to trial blockchain applications as January 30, 2022. In Chinese legal proceedings, blockchain technology was first accepted as a method for authenticating internet evidence by the Hangzhou Internet Court in 2019 and has since been accepted by other Chinese courts.

Blockchain interoperability

With the increasing number of blockchain systems appearing, even only those that support cryptocurrencies, blockchain interoperability is becoming a topic of major importance. The objective is to support transferring assets from one blockchain system to another blockchain system. Wegner stated that " interoperability is the ability of two or more software components to cooperate despite differences in language, interface, and execution platform". The objective of blockchain interoperability is therefore to support such cooperation among blockchain systems, despite those kinds of differences.

There are already several blockchain interoperability solutions available. They can be classified into three categories: cryptocurrency interoperability approaches, blockchain engines, and blockchain connectors.

Several individual IETF participants produced the draft of a blockchain interoperability architecture.

Energy consumption concerns

Some cryptocurrencies use blockchain mining - the peer-to-peer computer computations by which transactions are validated and verified. This requires a large amount of energy. In June 2018, the Bank for International Settlements criticized the use of public proof-of-work blockchains for their high energy consumption.

Early concern over the high energy consumption was a factor in later blockchains such as Cardano (2017), Solana (2020) and Polkadot (2020) adopting the less energy-intensive proof-of-stake model. Researchers have estimated that Bitcoin consumes 100,000 times as much energy as proof-of-stake networks.

In 2021, a study by Cambridge University determined that Bitcoin (at 121 terawatt-hours per year) used more electricity than Argentina (at 121TWh) and the Netherlands (109TWh). According to Digiconomist, one bitcoin transaction required 708 kilowatt-hours of electrical energy, the amount an average U.S. household consumed in 24 days.

In February 2021, U.S. Treasury secretary Janet Yellen called Bitcoin "an extremely inefficient way to conduct transactions", saying "the amount of energy consumed in processing those transactions is staggering". In March 2021, Bill Gates stated that "Bitcoin uses more electricity per transaction than any other method known to mankind", adding "It's not a great climate thing."

Nicholas Weaver, of the International Computer Science Institute at the University of California, Berkeley, examined blockchain's online security, and the energy efficiency of proof-of-work public blockchains, and in both cases found it grossly inadequate. The 31TWh-45TWh of electricity used for bitcoin in 2018 produced 17-23 million tonnes of CO ₂. By 2022, the University of Cambridge and Digiconomist estimated that the two largest proof-of-work blockchains, Bitcoin and Ethereum, together used twice as much electricity in one year as the whole of Sweden, leading to the release of up to 120 million tonnes of CO ₂ each year.

Academic research

Blockchain panel discussion at the first IEEE Computer Society TechIgnite conference

In October 2014, the MIT Bitcoin Club, with funding from MIT alumni, provided undergraduate students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology access to $100 of bitcoin. The adoption rates, as studied by Catalini and Tucker (2016), revealed that when people who typically adopt technologies early are given delayed access, they tend to reject the technology. Many universities have founded departments focusing on crypto and blockchain, including MIT, in 2017. In the same year, Edinburgh became "one of the first big European universities to launch a blockchain course", according to the Financial Times.

Adoption decision

Motivations for adopting blockchain technology (an aspect of innovation adoptation) have been investigated by researchers. For example, Janssen, et al. provided a framework for analysis, and Koens & Poll pointed out that adoption could be heavily driven by non-technical factors. Based on behavioral models, Li has discussed the differences between adoption at the individual level and organizational levels.

Collaboration

Scholars in business and management have started studying the role of blockchains to support collaboration. It has been argued that blockchains can foster both cooperation (i.e., prevention of opportunistic behavior) and coordination (i.e., communication and information sharing). Thanks to reliability, transparency, traceability of records, and information immutability, blockchains facilitate collaboration in a way that differs both from the traditional use of contracts and from relational norms. Contrary to contracts, blockchains do not directly rely on the legal system to enforce agreements. In addition, contrary to the use of relational norms, blockchains do not require a trust or direct connections between collaborators.

Blockchain and internal audit

The need for internal audits to provide effective oversight of organizational efficiency will require a change in the way that information is accessed in new formats. Blockchain adoption requires a framework to identify the risk of exposure associated with transactions using blockchain. The Institute of Internal Auditors has identified the need for internal auditors to address this transformational technology. New methods are required to develop audit plans that identify threats and risks. The Internal Audit Foundation study, Blockchain and Internal Audit, assesses these factors. The American Institute of Certified Public Accountants has outlined new roles for auditors as a result of blockchain.

In September 2015, the first peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to cryptocurrency and blockchain technology research, Ledger, was announced. The inaugural issue was published in December 2016. The journal covers aspects of mathematics, computer science, engineering, law, economics and philosophy that relate to cryptocurrencies. The journal encourages authors to digitally sign a file hash of submitted papers, which are then timestamped into the bitcoin blockchain. Authors are also asked to include a personal bitcoin address on the first page of their papers for non-repudiation purposes.

References

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Further reading

Crosby, Michael; Nachiappan; Pattanayak, Pradhan; Verma, Sanjeev; Kalyanaraman, Vignesh (16 October 2015). BlockChain Technology: Beyond Bitcoin (PDF) (Report). Sutardja Center for Entrepreneurship & Technology Technical Report. University of California, Berkeley.

Jaikaran, Chris (28 February 2018). Blockchain: Background and Policy Issues. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service. Archived from the original on 2 December 2018.

Kakavand, Hossein; De Sevres, Nicolette Kost; Chilton, Bart (12 October 2016). The Blockchain Revolution: An Analysis of Regulation and Technology Related to Distributed Ledger Technologies (Report). Luther Systems & DLA Piper. SSRN 2849251.

Mazonka, Oleg (29 December 2016). "Blockchain: Simple Explanation" (PDF). Journal of Reference. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 August 2017.

Tapscott, Don; Tapscott, Alex (2016). Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business and the World. London: Portfolio Penguin. ISBN 978-0-241-23785-4. OCLC 971395169.

Saito, Kenji; Yamada, Hiroyuki (June 2016). What's So Different about Blockchain? Blockchain is a Probabilistic State Machine. IEEE 36th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops. International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops (Icdcs). Nara, Nara, Japan: IEEE. pp. 168-75. doi:10.1109/ICDCSW.2016.28. ISBN 978-1-5090-3686-8. ISSN 2332-5666.

Raval, Siraj (2016). Decentralized Applications: Harnessing Bitcoin's Blockchain Technology. Oreilly. ISBN 9781491924549.

Bashir, Imran (2017). Mastering Blockchain. Packt Publishing, Ltd. ISBN 978-1-78712-544-5. OCLC 967373845.

Knirsch, Fabian; Unterweger, Andread; Engel, Dominik (2019). "Implementing a blockchain from scratch: why, how, and what we learned". EURASIP Journal on Information Security. 2019. doi:10.1186/s13635-019-0085-3. S2CID 84837476.

D. Puthal, N. Malik, S. P. Mohanty, E. Kougianos, and G. Das, "Everything you Wanted to Know about the Blockchain", IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, Volume 7, Issue 4, July 2018, pp. 06-14.

David L. Portilla, David J. Kappos, Minh Van Ngo, Sasha Rosenthal-Larrea, John D. Buretta and Christopher K. Fargo, Cravath, Swaine & Moore LLP, "Blockchain in the Banking Sector: A Review of the Landscape and Opportunities", Harvard Law School of Corporate Governance, posted on Friday, January 28, 2022

External links

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A blockchain is a distributed ledger with growing lists of records ( blocks) that are securely linked together via cryptographic hashes. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a timestamp, and transaction data (generally represented as a Merkle tree, where data nodes are represented by leaves).

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Un vehículo aéreo no tripulado, comúnmente conocido como dron, es un vehículo sin tripulación, capaz de mantener de manera autónoma un nivel de vuelo controlado y sostenido.

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1. Ferrovial

2. Innovación

3. Tecnologías

Un vehículo aéreo no tripulado, comúnmente conocido como dron, es un vehículo sin tripulación, capaz de mantener de manera autónoma un nivel de vuelo controlado y sostenido.

¿Para qué sirven los drones?

Los drones tienen un gran potencial en áreas muy diversas, ya que puede desplazarse rápidamente sobre un terreno irregular o accidentado y superar cualquier tipo de obstáculo ofreciendo imágenes o capturando otro tipo de datos a vista de pájaro, gracias a los dispositivos que puede transportar (cámaras, sensores…) sin riesgos para las personas.

Por ello, Ferrovial está haciendo uso de drones en muchas de sus actividades, eligiendo el tipo de dron más adecuado y los sensores que se deben embarcar (cámaras, sensores lidar, etc.) en función del caso de uso y del tipo de datos que se desean medir en cada vuelo.

Adicionalmente, el Digital Hub está promoviendo el uso de drones, ofreciendo soporte a los proyectos para poder entender mejor la regulación y estar al día de la normativa vigente) y creando una herramienta “FLY-AI” que permite entre otras cosas, gestionar de manera eficiente la documentación necesaria para el uso de drones, la aprobación interna de vuelos y la inspección de infraestructuras de manera automática mediante el uso de algoritmos de inteligencia artificial.

Inspección de infraestructuras

La inspección visual de infraestructuras es uno de los ámbitos en los que ya se emplean vehículos aéreos no tripulados. Los motivos principales son dos: por un lado el ahorro de costes derivado de la facilidad relativa con la que se accede a la infraestructura y por otro, una disminución importante del riesgo para el personal.

La inspección de líneas de transmisión en Chile es uno de los ejemplos del uso de drones en Grupo Ferrovial.

Obras civiles

A partir de drones con sensor lidar o cámaras de alta resolución, se pueden realizar levantamientos topográficos y modelos tridimensionales. Esto permite generar planos, analizar la evolución de la obra y calcular volúmenes de tierra extraídos, entre otros.

Drones y medio ambiente

En materia medioambiental los drones también suman. Un dron equipado con cámara termográfica puede darnos por ejemplo una visual muy completa del estado de un vertedero: puntos calientes, zonas de humedad, etc. o puede servir para sobrevolar zonas de vegetación extensas y facilitar así las tareas de mantenimiento de las mismas.

En carreteras

En el caso de conservación de viaductos próximos a una carretera, fletar un dron para hacer el análisis, es mucho más económico y seguro que descolgar a personal especializado o que enviar un helicóptero, alternativas que además consumen mucho tiempo. No evita la posterior actuación en caso de detección de un problema, pero sí supone el alivio de algunos trabajos que antes requerían de personal in situ.

En aeropuertos

Ya existen proyectos de control aéreo y seguridad en las pistas de los aeropuertos. Un ejemplo fue el proyecto en el Aeropuerto de Southampton, consistente en un dron con forma de depredador, que redujo las aves en pista un 74%, lo que se traduce en una gran disminución de los costes de operación del aeropuerto.

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Drones: qué son, tipos de drones y para qué sirven - Ferrovial

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Un dron es una aeronave no tripulada que se controla remotamente. Se han ido desarrollando varios tipos de drones como los de ala fija, los híbridos, los ...

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Netflix, Inc. es una empresa de entretenimiento y una plataforma de streaming estadounidense. Ubicada en Los Gatos, la compañía fue creada en 1997 y un año después comenzó su actividad, ofreciendo un servicio de alquiler de DVD a través del correo postal.​

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Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages.

Launched on January 16, 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc. began its pioneering DVD‑by‑mail movie rental service, Netflix is the most-subscribed video on demand streaming media service, with 238.39 million paid memberships in more than 190 countries. By 2022, "Netflix Original" productions accounted for half of its library in the United States and the namesake company had ventured into other categories, such as video game publishing of mobile games via its flagship service. As of October 2023, Netflix is the 24th most-visited website in the world with 23.66% of it's traffic coming from the United States, followed by the United Kingdom at 5.84% and Brazil at 5.64%.

Marc Randolph, co-founder of Netflix and the first CEO of the company

Reed Hastings, co-founder and the current chairman and CEO

Netflix was founded by Marc Randolph and Reed Hastings on August 29, 1997, in Scotts Valley, California. Hastings, a computer scientist and mathematician, was a co-founder of Pure Software, which was acquired by Rational Software that year for $750 million, the then biggest acquisition in Silicon Valley history. Randolph had worked as a marketing director for Pure Software after Pure Atria acquired a company where Randolph worked. He was previously a co-founder of MicroWarehouse, a computer mail-order company as well as vice president of marketing for Borland. Hastings and Randolph came up with the idea for Netflix while carpooling between their homes in Santa Cruz, California, and Pure Atria's headquarters in Sunnyvale. Patty McCord, later head of Human Resources at Netflix, was also in the carpool group. Randolph admired Amazon and wanted to find a large category of portable items to sell over the Internet using a similar model. Hastings and Randolph considered and rejected selling and renting VHS as too expensive to stock and too delicate to ship. When they heard about DVDs, first introduced in the United States in early 1998, they tested the concept of selling or renting DVDs by mail by mailing a compact disc to Hastings's house in Santa Cruz. When the disc arrived intact, they decided to enter the $16 billion Home-video sales and rental industry. Hastings is often quoted saying that he decided to start Netflix after being fined $40 at a Blockbuster store for being late to return a copy of Apollo 13. Hastings invested $2.5 million into Netflix from the sale of Pure Atria. Netflix launched as the first DVD rental and sales website with 30 employees and 925 titles available-nearly all DVDs published. Randolph and Hastings met with Jeff Bezos, where Amazon offered to acquire Netflix for between $14 and $16 million. Fearing competition from Amazon, Randolph at first thought the offer was fair, but Hastings, who owned 70% of the company, turned it down on the plane ride home.

Initially, Netflix offered a per-rental model for each DVD but introduced a monthly subscription concept in September 1999. The per-rental model was dropped by early 2000, allowing the company to focus on the business model of flat-fee unlimited rentals without due dates, late fees, shipping and handling fees, or per-title rental fees. In September 2000, during the dot-com bubble, while Netflix was suffering losses, Hastings and Randolph offered to sell the company to Blockbuster for $50 million. John Antioco, CEO of Blockbuster, thought the offer was a joke and declined, saying, "The dot-com hysteria is completely overblown." While Netflix experienced fast growth in early 2001, the continued effects of the dot-com bubble collapse and the September 11 attacks caused the company to hold off plans for its initial public offering (IPO) and to lay off one-third of its 120 employees.

Opened Netflix rental envelope containing a DVD copy of Coach Carter (2005)

DVD players were a popular gift for holiday sales in late 2001, and demand for DVD subscription services were "growing like crazy", according to chief talent officer Patty McCord. The company went public on May 29, 2002, selling 5.5 million shares of common stock at US$15.00 per share. In 2003, Netflix was issued a patent by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office to cover its subscription rental service and several extensions. Netflix posted its first profit in 2003, earning $6.5 million on revenues of $272 million; by 2004, profit had increased to $49 million on over $500 million in revenues. In 2005, 35,000 different films were available, and Netflix shipped 1 million DVDs out every day.

In 2004, Blockbuster introduced a DVD rental service, which not only allowed users to check out titles through online sites but allowed for them to return them at brick and-mortar stores. By 2006, Blockbuster's service reached two million users, and while trailing Netflix's subscriber count, was drawing business away from Netflix. Netflix lowered fees in 2007. While it was an urban legend that Netflix ultimately "killed" Blockbuster in the DVD rental market, Blockbuster's debt load and internal disagreements hurt the company.

On April 4, 2006, Netflix filed a patent infringement lawsuit in which it demanded a jury trial in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California, alleging that Blockbuster's online DVD rental subscription program violated two patents held by Netflix. The first cause of action alleged Blockbuster's infringement of copying the "dynamic queue" of DVDs available for each customer, Netflix's method of using the ranked preferences in the queue to send DVDs to subscribers, and Netflix's method permitting the queue to be updated and reordered. The second cause of action alleged infringement of the subscription rental service as well as Netflix's methods of communication and delivery. The companies settled their dispute on June 25, 2007; terms were not disclosed.

On October 1, 2006, Netflix announced the Netflix Prize, $1,000,000 to the first developer of a video-recommendation algorithm that could beat its existing algorithm Cinematch, at predicting customer ratings by more than 10%. On September 21, 2009, it awarded the $1,000,000 prize to team "BellKor's Pragmatic Chaos." Cinematch, launched in 2000, is a recommendation system that recommended movies to its users, many of which they might not ever had heard of before.

Through its division Red Envelope Entertainment, Netflix licensed and distributed independent films such as Born into Brothels and Sherrybaby. In late 2006, Red Envelope Entertainment also expanded into producing original content with filmmakers such as John Waters. Netflix closed Red Envelope Entertainment in 2008.

In January 2007, the company launched a streaming media service, introducing video on demand via the Internet. However, at that time it only had 1,000 films available for streaming, compared to 70,000 available on DVD. The company had for some time considered offering movies online, but it was only in the mid-2000s that data speeds and bandwidth costs had improved sufficiently to allow customers to download movies from the net. The original idea was a "Netflix box" that could download movies overnight, and be ready to watch the next day. By 2005, Netflix had acquired movie rights and designed the box and service. But after witnessing how popular streaming services such as YouTube were despite the lack of high-definition content, the concept of using a hardware device was scrapped and replaced with a streaming concept.

In February 2007, Netflix delivered its billionth DVD, a copy of to a customer in Texas. In April 2007, Netflix recruited ReplayTV founder Anthony Wood, to build a "Netflix Player" that would allow streaming content to be played directly on a television rather than a desktop or laptop. Hastings eventually shut down the project to help encourage other hardware manufacturers to include built-in Netflix support, which would be spun off as the digital media player product Roku.

In January 2008, all rental-disc subscribers became entitled to unlimited streaming at no additional cost. This change came in a response to the introduction of Hulu and to Apple's new video-rental services.[page needed ] In August 2008, the Netflix database was corrupted and the company was not able to ship DVDs to customers for 3 days, leading the company to move all its data to the Amazon Web Services cloud. In November 2008, Netflix began offering subscribers rentals on Blu-ray and discontinued its sale of used DVDs. In 2009, Netflix streams overtook DVD shipments.

On January 6, 2010, Netflix agreed with Warner Bros. to delay new release rentals to 28 days after the DVDs became available for sale, in an attempt to help studios sell physical copies, and similar deals involving Universal Pictures and 20th Century Fox were reached on April 9. In July 2010, Netflix signed a deal to stream movies of Relativity Media. In August 2010, Netflix reached a five-year deal worth nearly $1 billion to stream films from Paramount, Lionsgate and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. The deal increased Netflix's annual spending fees, adding roughly $200 million per year. It spent $117 million in the first six months of 2010 on streaming, up from $31 million in 2009. On September 22, 2010, Netflix launched in Canada, its first international market. In November 2010, Netflix began offering a standalone streaming service separate from DVD rentals.

In 2010, Netflix acquired the rights to Breaking Bad, produced by Sony Pictures Television, after the show's third season, at a point where original broadcaster AMC had expressed the possibility of cancelling the show. Sony pushed Netflix to release Breaking Bad in time for the fourth season, which as a result, greatly expanded the show's audience on AMC due to new viewers binging on the Netflix past episodes, and doubling the viewership by the time of the fifth season. Breaking Bad is considered the first such show to have this "Netflix effect."

In January 2011, Netflix announced agreements with several manufacturers to include branded Netflix buttons on the remote controls of devices compatible with the service, such as Blu-ray players. By May 2011, Netflix had become the largest source of Internet streaming traffic in North America, accounting for 30% of traffic during peak hours.

On July 12, 2011, Netflix announced that it would separate its existing subscription plans into two separate plans: one covering the streaming and the other DVD rental services. The cost for streaming would be $7.99 per month, while DVD rental would start at the same price. On September 11, 2011, Netflix expanded to countries in Latin America. On September 18, 2011, Netflix announced its intentions to rebrand and restructure its DVD home media rental service as an independent subsidiary called Qwikster, separating DVD rental and streaming services. On September 26, 2011, Netflix announced a content deal with DreamWorks Animation. On October 10, 2011, Netflix announced that it would retain its DVD service under the name Netflix and that its streaming and DVD-rental plans would remain branded together, citing customer dissatisfaction with the split.

In October 2011. Netflix and The CW signed a multi-year output deal for its' television shows. On January 4, 2012, Netflix started its expansion to Europe, launching in the United Kingdom and Ireland. In February 2012, Netflix reached a multi-year agreement with The Weinstein Company. In March 2012, Netflix acquired the domain name DVD.com. By 2016, Netflix rebranded its DVD-by-mail service under the name DVD.com, A Netflix Company. In April 2012, Netflix filed with the Federal Election Commission (FEC) to form a political action committee (PAC) called FLIXPAC. Netflix spokesperson Joris Evers tweeted that the intent was to "engage on issues like net neutrality, bandwidth caps, UBB and VPPA". In June 2012, Netflix signed a deal with Open Road Films.

On August 23, 2012, Netflix and The Weinstein Company signed a multi-year output deal for RADiUS-TWC films. In September 2012, Epix signed a five-year streaming deal with Netflix. For the initial two years of this agreement, first-run and back-catalog content from Epix was exclusive to Netflix. Epix films came to Netflix 90 days after premiering on Epix. These included films from Paramount, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and Lionsgate.

On October 18, 2012, Netflix launched in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. On December 4, 2012, Netflix and Disney announced an exclusive multi-year agreement for first-run United States subscription television rights to Walt Disney Studios' animated and live-action films, with classics such as , Alice in Wonderland and Pocahontas available immediately and others available on Netflix beginning in 2016. Direct-to-video releases were made available in 2013.

On January 14, 2013, Netflix signed an agreement with Time Warner's Turner Broadcasting System and Warner Bros. Television to distribute Cartoon Network, Warner Bros. Animation, and Adult Swim content, as well as TNT's , beginning in March 2013. The rights to these programs were given to Netflix shortly after deals with Viacom to stream Nickelodeon and Nick Jr. Channel programs expired.

For cost reasons, Netflix stated that it would limit its expansion in 2013, adding only one new market-the Netherlands-in September of that year. This expanded its availability to 40 territories.

In 2011, Netflix began its efforts into original content development. In March, it made a straight-to-series order from MRC for the political drama House of Cards, led by Kevin Spacey, outbidding other U.S. cable networks. This marked the first instance of a first-run television series being specifically commissioned by the service. In November the same year, Netflix added two more significant productions to its roster: the comedy-drama Orange is the New Black, adapted from Piper Kerman's memoir, and a new season of the previously cancelled Fox sitcom Arrested Development. Netflix acquired the U.S. rights to the Norwegian drama Lilyhammer after its television premiere on Norway's NRK1 on January 25, 2012. Notably departing from the traditional broadcast television model of weekly episode premieres, Netflix chose to release the entire first season on February 8 of the same year.

House of Cards was released by Netflix on February 1, 2013, marketed as the first "Netflix Original" production. Later that month, Netflix announced an agreement with DreamWorks Animation to commission children's television series based on its properties, beginning with , a spin-off of its film Orange is the New Black would premiere in July 2013; Netflix stated that Orange is the New Black had been its most-watched original series so far, with all of them having "an audience comparable with successful shows on cable and broadcast TV."

On March 13, 2013, Netflix added a Facebook sharing feature, letting United States subscribers access "Watched by your friends" and "Friends' Favorites" by agreeing. This was not legal until the Video Privacy Protection Act was modified in early 2013. On August 1, 2013, Netflix reintroduced the "Profiles" feature that permits accounts to accommodate up to five user profiles.

In November 2013, Marvel Television and ABC Studios announced Netflix had ordered a slate of four television series based on the Marvel Comics characters Daredevil, Jessica Jones, Iron Fist and Luke Cage. Each of the four series received an initial order of 13 episodes, and Netflix also ordered a Defenders miniseries that would tie them together. Daredevil and Jessica Jones premiered in 2015. The series premiered on September 30, 2016, followed by on March 17, 2017, and The Defenders on August 18, 2017. Marvel owner Disney later entered into other content agreements with Netflix, including acquiring its animated series Star Wars: The Clone Wars, and a new sixth season.

In February 2014, Netflix began to enter into agreements with U.S. internet service providers, beginning with Comcast (whose customers had repeatedly complained of frequent buffering when streaming Netflix), in order to provide the service a direct connection to their networks. In April 2014, Netflix signed Arrested Development creator Mitchell Hurwitz and his production firm The Hurwitz Company to a multi-year deal to create original projects for the service. In May 2014, Netflix acquired streaming rights to films produced by Sony Pictures Animation. It also quietly began to introduce an updated logo, with a flatter appearance and updated typography.

In September 2014, Netflix expanded into six new European markets, including Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, Luxembourg, and Switzerland. On September 10, 2014, Netflix participated in Internet Slowdown Day by deliberately slowing down its speed in support of net neutrality regulations in the United States. In October 2014, Netflix announced a four-film deal with Adam Sandler and his Happy Madison Productions.

In April 2015, following the launch of , Netflix director of content operations Tracy Wright announced that Netflix had added support for audio description (a narration track with aural descriptions of key visual elements for the blind or visually impaired), and had begun to work with its partners to add descriptions to its other original series over time. The following year, as part of a settlement with the American Council of the Blind, Netflix agreed to provide descriptions for its original series within 30 days of their premiere, and add screen reader support and the ability to browse content by availability of descriptions.

In March 2015, Netflix expanded to Australia and New Zealand. In September 2015, Netflix launched in Japan, its first country in Asia. In October 2015, Netflix launched in Italy, Portugal, and Spain.

In January 2016, at the Consumer Electronics Show, Netflix announced a major international expansion of its service into 130 additional countries. It then had become available worldwide except China, Syria, North Korea, Kosovo and Crimea. In May 2016, Netflix created a tool called Fast.com to determine the speed of an Internet connection. It received praise for being "simple" and "easy to use", and does not include online advertising, unlike competitors. On November 30, 2016, Netflix launched an offline playback feature, allowing users of the Netflix mobile apps on Android or iOS to cache content on their devices in standard or high quality for viewing offline, without an Internet connection.

In 2016, Netflix released an estimated 126 original series or films, more than any other network or cable channel. In April 2016, Hastings stated that the company planned to expand its in-house, Los Angeles-based Netflix Studios to grow its output; Hastings ruled out any potential acquisitions of existing studios, stating that "It's been 15 years we've been public and 20 years existing, and we've done no [mergers and acquisitions]. So I think that probably speaks for itself."

In February 2017, Netflix signed a music publishing deal with BMG Rights Management, whereby BMG will oversee rights outside of the United States for music associated with Netflix original content. Netflix continues to handle these tasks in-house in the United States. On April 25, 2017, Netflix signed a licensing deal with IQiyi, a Chinese video streaming platform owned by Baidu, to allow selected Netflix original content to be distributed in China on the platform.

On August 7, 2017, Netflix acquired Millarworld, the creator-owned publishing company of comic book writer Mark Millar. The purchase marked the first corporate acquisition to have been made by Netflix. On August 14, 2017, Netflix entered into an exclusive development deal with Shonda Rhimes and her production company Shondaland.

In September 2017, Netflix announced it would offer its low-broadband mobile technology to airlines to provide better in-flight Wi-Fi so that passengers can watch movies on Netflix while on planes.

In September 2017, Minister of Heritage Mélanie Joly announced that Netflix had agreed to make a CA$500 million (US$400 million) investment over the next five years in producing content in Canada. The company denied that the deal was intended to result in a tax break. Netflix realized this goal by December 2018.

In October 2017, Netflix iterated a goal of having half of its library consist of original content by 2019, announcing a plan to invest $8 billion on original content in 2018. There will be a particular focus on films and anime through this investment, with a plan to produce 80 original films and 30 anime series. In October 2017, Netflix introduced the "Skip Intro" feature which allows customers to skip the intros to shows on its platform through a variety of techniques including manual reviewing, audio tagging, and machine learning.

In November 2017, Netflix signed an exclusive multi-year deal with Orange Is the New Black creator Jenji Kohan. In November 2017, Netflix withdrew from co-hosting a party at the 75th Golden Globe Awards with The Weinstein Company due to the Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse cases.

Icon used since 2016

Netflix advertising at Thong Lo BTS station, Bangkok

Netflix's booth at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con

In November 2017, Netflix announced that it would be making its first original Colombian series, to be executive produced by Ciro Guerra. In December 2017, Netflix signed Stranger Things director-producer Shawn Levy and his production company 21 Laps Entertainment to what sources say is a four-year deal. In 2017, Netflix invested in distributing exclusive stand-up comedy specials from Dave Chappelle, Louis C.K., Chris Rock, Jim Gaffigan, Bill Burr and Jerry Seinfeld.

In February 2018, Netflix acquired the rights to The Cloverfield Paradox from Paramount Pictures for $50 million and launched on its service on February 4, 2018, shortly after airing its first trailer during Super Bowl LII. Analysts believed that Netflix's purchase of the film helped to make the film instantly profitable for Paramount compared to a more traditional theatrical release, while Netflix benefited from the surprise reveal. Other films acquired by Netflix include international distribution for Paramount's Annihilation and Universal's News of the World and worldwide distribution of Universal's Extinction, Warner Bros.' Mowgli: Legend of the Jungle, Paramount's The Lovebirds and 20th Century Studios' The Woman in the Window. In March, the service ordered Formula 1: Drive to Survive, a racing docuseries following teams in the Formula One world championship.

In March 2018, Sky UK announced an agreement with Netflix to integrate Netflix's subscription VOD offering into its pay-TV service. Customers with its high-end Sky Q set-top box and service will be able to see Netflix titles alongside their regular Sky channels. In October 2022, Netflix revealed that its annual revenue from the UK subscribers in 2021 was £1.4bn.

In April 2018, Netflix pulled out of the Cannes Film Festival, in response to new rules requiring competition films to have been released in French theaters. The Cannes premiere of in 2017 was controversial, and led to discussions over the appropriateness of films with simultaneous digital releases being screened at an event showcasing theatrical film; audience members also booed the Netflix production logo at the screening. Netflix's attempts to negotiate to allow a limited release in France were curtailed by organizers, as well as French cultural exception law-where theatrically screened films are legally forbidden from being made available via video-on-demand services until at least 36 months after their release. Besides traditional Hollywood markets as well as from partners like the BBC, Sarandos said the company also looking to expand investments in non-traditional foreign markets due to the growth of viewers outside of North America. At the time, this included programs such as from Germany, Ingobernable from Mexico and from Brazil.

On May 22, 2018, former president, Barack Obama, and his wife, Michelle Obama, signed a deal to produce docu-series, documentaries and features for Netflix under the Obamas' newly formed production company, Higher Ground Productions.

In June 2018, Netflix announced a partnership with Telltale Games to port its adventure games to the service in a streaming video format, allowing simple controls through a television remote. The first game, Minecraft: Story Mode, was released in November 2018. In July 2018, Netflix earned the most Emmy nominations of any network for the first time with 112 nods. On August 27, 2018, the company signed a five-year exclusive overall deal with international best-selling author Harlan Coben. On the same day, the company inked an overall deal with Gravity Falls creator Alex Hirsch. In October 2018, Netflix paid under $30 million to acquire Albuquerque Studios (ABQ Studios), a $91 million film and TV production facility with eight sound stages in Albuquerque, New Mexico, for its first U.S. production hub, pledging to spend over $1 billion over the next decade to create one of the largest film studios in North America. In November 2018, Paramount Pictures signed a multi-picture film deal with Netflix, making Paramount the first major film studio to sign a deal with Netflix. A sequel to AwesomenessTV's To All the Boys I've Loved Before was released on Netflix under the title To All the Boys: P.S. I Still Love You as part of the agreement. In December 2018, the company announced a partnership with ESPN Films on a television documentary chronicling Michael Jordan and the 1997-98 Chicago Bulls season titled The Last Dance. It was released internationally on Netflix and became available for streaming in the United States three months after a broadcast airing on ESPN.

In January 2019, Sex Education made its debut as a Netflix original series, receiving much critical acclaim. On January 22, 2019, Netflix sought and was approved for membership into the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), making it the first streaming service to join the association. In February 2019, The Haunting creator Mike Flanagan joined frequent collaborator Trevor Macy as a partner in Intrepid Pictures and the duo signed an exclusive overall deal with Netflix to produce television content. On May 9, 2019, Netflix contracted with Dark Horse Entertainment to make television series and films based on comics from Dark Horse Comics. In July 2019, Netflix announced that it would be opening a hub at Shepperton Studios as part of a deal with Pinewood Group. In early-August 2019, Netflix negotiated an exclusive multi-year film and television deal with Game of Thrones creators and showrunners David Benioff and D.B. Weiss. The first Netflix production created by Benioff and Weiss was planned as an adaptation of Liu Cixin's science fiction novel The Three-Body Problem, part of the Remembrance of Earth's Past trilogy. On September 30, 2019, in addition to renewing Stranger Things for a fourth season, Netflix signed The Duffer Brothers to an overall deal covering future film and television projects for the service.

On November 13, 2019, Netflix and Nickelodeon entered into a multi-year agreement to produce several original animated feature films and television series based on Nickelodeon's library of characters. This agreement expanded on their existing relationship, in which new specials based on the past Nickelodeon series Invader Zim and Rocko's Modern Life (Invader Zim: Enter the Florpus and Rocko's Modern Life: Static Cling respectively) were released by Netflix. Other new projects planned under the team-up include a music project featuring Squidward Tentacles from the animated television series SpongeBob SquarePants, and films based on The Loud House and Rise of the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles. The agreement with Disney ended in 2019 due to the launch of Disney+, with its Marvel productions moving exclusively to the service in 2022.

In November 2019, Netflix announced that it had signed a long-term lease to save the Paris Theatre, the last single-screen movie theater in Manhattan. The company oversaw several renovations at the theater, including new seats and a concession stand.

Ted Sarandos, longtime CCO and named co-CEO in 2020

In January 2020, Netflix announced a new four-film deal with Adam Sandler worth up to $275 million. On February 25, 2020, Netflix formed partnerships with six Japanese creators to produce an original Japanese anime project. This partnership includes manga creator group CLAMP, mangaka Shin Kibayashi, mangaka Yasuo Ohtagaki, novelist and film director Otsuichi, novelist Tow Ubutaka, and manga creator Mari Yamazaki. On March 4, 2020, ViacomCBS announced that it will be producing two spin-off films based on SpongeBob SquarePants for Netflix. On April 7, 2020, Peter Chernin's Chernin Entertainment made a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix to make films. On May 29, 2020, Netflix announced the acquisition of Grauman's Egyptian Theatre from the American Cinematheque to use as a special events venue. In July 2020, Netflix appointed Sarandos as co-CEO. In July 2020, Netflix invested in Black Mirror creators Charlie Brooker and Annabel Jones' new production outfit Broke And Bones.

In September 2020, Netflix signed a multi-million dollar deal with the Duke and Duchess of Sussex. Harry and Meghan agreed to a multi-year deal promising to create TV shows, films, and children's content as part of their commitment to stepping away from the duties of the royal family. In September 2020, Hastings released a book about Netflix culture titled No Rules Rules: Netflix and the Culture of Reinvention, which was coauthored by Erin Meyer. In December 2020, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Millie Bobby Brown to develop and star in several projects including a potential action franchise.

Expansion into gaming, Squid Game, end of DVDs (2021-present)

In March 2021, Netflix earned the most Academy Award nominations of any studio, with 36. Netflix won seven Academy Awards, which was the most by any studio. Later that year, Netflix also won more Emmys than any other network or studio with 44 wins, tying the record for most Emmys won in a single year set by CBS in 1974. On April 8, 2021, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced an agreement for Netflix to hold the U.S. pay television window rights to its releases beginning in 2022, replacing Starz and expanding upon an existing agreement with Sony Pictures Animation. The agreement also includes a first-look deal for any future direct-to-streaming films being produced by Sony Pictures, with Netflix required to commit to a minimum number of them. On April 27, 2021, Netflix announced that it was opening its first Canadian headquarters in Toronto. The company also announced that it would open an office in Sweden as well as Rome and Istanbul to increase its original content in those regions.

In early-June, Netflix hosted a first-ever week-long virtual event called "Geeked Week," where it shared exclusive news, new trailers, cast appearances and more about upcoming genre titles like The Witcher, The Cuphead Show!, and The Sandman.

On June 7, 2021, Jennifer Lopez's Nuyorican Productions signed a multi-year first-look deal with Netflix spanning feature films, TV series, and unscripted content, with an emphasis on projects that support diverse female actors, writers, and filmmakers. On June 10, 2021, Netflix announced it was launching an online store for curated products tied to the Netflix brand and shows such as Stranger Things and The Witcher. On June 21, 2021, Steven Spielberg's Amblin Partners signed a deal with Netflix to release multiple new feature films for the streaming service. On June 30, 2021, Powerhouse Animation Studios (the studio behind Netflix's Castlevania) announced signing a first-look deal with the streamer to produce more animated series.

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022. Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers' plans to the service. Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.

On July 14, 2021, Netflix signed a first-look deal with Joey King, star of The Kissing Booth franchise, in which King will produce and develop films for Netflix via her All The King's Horses production company. On July 21, 2021, Zack Snyder, director of Netflix's Army of the Dead, announced he had signed his production company The Stone Quarry to a first-look deal with Netflix; his upcoming projects include a sequel to Army of the Dead and a sci-fi adventure film titled Rebel Moon. In 2019, he agreed to produce an anime-style web series inspired by Norse mythology.

As of August 2021, Netflix Originals made up 40% of Netflix's overall library in the United States. The company announced that " TUDUM: A Netflix Global Fan Event", a three-hour virtual behind the scenes featuring first-look reveals for 100 of the streamer's series, films and specials, would have its inaugural show in late September 2021. According to Netflix, the show garnered 25.7 million views across Netflix's 29 Netflix YouTube channels, Twitter, Twitch, Facebook, TikTok and Tudum.com.

Also in September, the company announced The Queen's Ball: A Bridgerton Experience, launching in 2022 in Los Angeles, Chicago, Montreal, and Washington, D.C..

, a South Korean survival drama created and produced by Hwang Dong-hyuk, rapidly became the service's most-watched show within a week of its launch in many markets on September 17, 2021, including Korea, the U.S. and the United Kingdom. Within its first 28 days on the service, Squid Game drew more than 111 million viewers, surpassing Bridgerton and becoming Netflix's most-watched show.

On September 20, 2021, Netflix signed a long-term lease with Aviva Investors to operate and expand the Longcross Studios in Surrey, UK. On September 21, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire the Roald Dahl Story Company, which manages the rights to Roald Dahl's stories and characters, for an undisclosed price and would operate it as an independent company. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, on September 28, 2021. Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix intends to add more games to this service over time. On November 9, the collection launched for iOS. Some games in the collection require an active internet connection to play, while others will be available offline. Netflix Kids' accounts will not have games available.

On October 13, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of the Netflix Book Club, where readers will hear about new books, films, and series adaptations and have exclusive access to each book's adaptation process. Netflix will partner with Starbucks to bring the book club to life via a social series called But Have You Read the Book?. Uzo Aduba will serve as the inaugural host of the series and announce monthly book selections set to be adapted by the streamer. Aduba will also speak with the cast, creators, and authors about the book adaptation process over a cup of coffee at Starbucks. Through October 2021, Netflix commonly reported viewership for its programming based on the number of viewers or households that watched a show in a given period (such as the first 28 days from its premiere) for at least two minutes. On the announcement of its quarterly earnings in October 2021, the company stated that it would switch its viewership metrics to measuring the number of hours that a show was watched, including rewatches, which the company said was closer to the measurements used in linear broadcast television, and thus "our members and the industry can better measure success in the streaming world." On November 16, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of "Top10 on Netflix.com", a new website with weekly global and country lists of the most popular titles on their service based on their new viewership metrics.

On November 22, 2021, Netflix announced that it would acquire Scanline VFX, the visual effects and animation company behind Cowboy Bebop and Stranger Things. On the same day, Roberto Patino signed a deal with Netflix and established his own production banner, Analog Inc., in partnership with the company. Patino's first project under the deal is a series adaptation of Image Comics' Nocterra. On December 6, 2021, Netflix and Stage 32 announced that they have teamed up the workshops at the Creating Content for the Global Marketplace program. On December 7, 2021, Netflix partnered with IllumiNative, a woman-led non-profit organization, for the Indigenous Producers Training Program.

On December 9, 2021, Netflix announced the launch of " Tudum," an official companion website that offers news, exclusive interviews and behind-the-scenes videos for its original television shows and films. On December 13, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year overall deal with Kalinda Vazquez. On December 16, 2021, Netflix signed a multi-year creative partnership with Spike Lee and his production company 40 Acres and a Mule Filmworks to develop film and television projects.

In compliance with the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive and its implementation in France, Netflix reached commitments with French broadcasting authorities and film guilds, as required by law, to invest a specific amount of its annual revenue into original French films and series. These films must be theatrically released and would not be allowed to be carried on Netflix until 15 months after their release.

In January 2022, Netflix ordered additional sports docuseries from Drive to Survive producers Box to Box Films, including a series that would follow PGA Tour golfers, and another that would follow professional tennis players on the ATP and WTA Tour circuits.

The company announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix's expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games. Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum.

On March 15, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Dr. Seuss Enterprises to produce five new series and specials based on Seuss properties following the success of Green Eggs and Ham. On March 29, 2022, Netflix announced that it would open an office in Poland to serve as a hub for its original productions across Central and Eastern Europe. On March 30, 2022, Netflix extended its lease agreement with Martini Film Studios, just outside Vancouver, Canada, for another five years. On March 31, 2022, Netflix ordered a docuseries that would follow teams in the 2022 Tour de France, which would also be co-produced by Box to Box Films

Following the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, Netflix suspended its operations and future projects in Russia. It also announced that it would not comply with a proposed directive by Roskomnadzor requiring all internet streaming services with more than 100,000 subscribers to integrate the major free-to-air channels (which are primarily state-owned). A month later, ex-Russian subscribers filed a class action lawsuit against Netflix.

Netflix stated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others, and that Canada and the United States accounted for 30 million of them. Following these announcements, Netflix's stock price fell by 35 percent. By June 2022, Netflix had laid off 450 full-time and contract employees as part of the company's plan to trim costs amid lower than expected subscriber growth.

On April 13, 2022, Netflix released the series Our Great National Parks, which was hosted and narrated by former US President Barack Obama. It also partnered with Group Effort Initiative, a company founded by Ryan Reynolds and Blake Lively, to provide opportunities behind the camera for those in underrepresented communities. On the same day, Netflix partnered with Lebanon-based Arab Fund For Arts And Culture for supporting the Arab female filmmakers. It will provide a one-time grant of $250,000 to female producers and directors in the Arab world through the company's Fund for Creative Equity. Also on the same day, Netflix announced an Exploding Kittens mobile card game tied to a new animated TV series, which will launch in May. Netflix formed a creative partnership with J. Miles Dale. The company also formed a partnership with Japan's Studio Colorido, signing a multi-film deal to boost their anime content in Asia. The streaming giant is said to co-produce three feature films with the studio, the first of which will premiere in September 2022.

On April 28, 2022, the company launched its inaugural Netflix Is a Joke comedy festival, featuring more than 250 shows over 12 nights at 30-plus locations across Los Angeles, including the first-ever stand-up show at Dodger Stadium.

The first volume of Stranger Things 4 logged Netflix's biggest premiere weekend ever for an original series with 286.79 million hours viewed. This was preceded by a new Stranger Things interactive experience hosted in New York City that was developed by the show's creators. After the release of the second volume of Stranger Things 4 on July 1, 2022, it became Netflix's second title to receive more than one billion hours viewed.

On July 19, 2022, Netflix announced plans to acquire Australian animation studio Animal Logic.

On September 5, 2022, Netflix opened an office in Warsaw, Poland responsible for the service's operations in 28 markets in Central and Eastern Europe.

On October 4, 2022, Netflix have signed a creative partnership with Andrea Berloff and John Gatins.

On October 11, 2022, Netflix signed up to the Broadcasters' Audience Research Board for external measurement of viewership in the UK.

On October 12, 2022, Netflix signed to build a production complex at Fort Monmouth in Eatontown, New Jersey.

On October 18, 2022, Netflix began exploring a cloud gaming offering and opened a new gaming studio in Southern California.

On December 12, 2022, Netflix announced that sixty-percent of its subscribers had watched a Korean drama. CEO Ted Sarandos attributed the increase in viewership of Korean content among Americans to Korean films and dramas being "often unpredictable" and catching "the American audience by surprise".

On January 10, 2023, Netflix announced plans to open an engineering hub in its Warsaw office. The hub is to provide Netflix's creative partners with software solutions in the production of films and series.

On February 1, 2023, Netflix announced spatial audio is now available on more than 700 of its top watched titles, including Stranger Things, The Watcher, Wednesday, and Knives Out: Glass Onion.

On March 4, 2023, the Chris Rock: Selective Outrage standup special was Netflix's first live global streaming event.

On April 18, 2023, Netflix announced that it will discontinue their DVD-by-mail service on September 29.

Netflix reworked its viewership metrics again in June 2023. Viewership of shows were measured during the first 91 days of availability, instead of the first 28 days, and now are based on the total viewership hours divided by the total hours of the show itself. This provided more equal considerations for shorter shows and movies compared to longer ones.

In August 2023, the company announced Netflix Stories, a collection of interactive narrative games from Netflix series and films such as Love is Blind, Money Heist and Virgin River.

Netflix discontinued its DVD mailing service on September 29, 2023, in favor of its streaming business. Users of the service were able to keep the DVDs that they had received. Over its lifetime the service had sent out over 5 billion shipments.

In October 2023, Eunice Kim was promoted to Chief Product Officer and Elizabeth Stone was promoted to Chief Technology Officer. That same month, Netflix and Skydance Media entered multi-year pact to develop and produce animated films, ending Skydance's partnership with Apple. First up for release under the deal is Spellbound, which is anticipated to premiere in 2024. Netflix will also take over distribution of preexisting Skydance Animation titles, including and .

Availability of Netflix, as of March 2022:

Netflix is available in every country and territory except for China, North Korea, Crimea, Syria and Russia.

In January 2016, Netflix announced it would begin VPN blocking since it can be used to watch videos from a country where they are unavailable. The result of the VPN block is that people can only watch videos available worldwide and other videos are hidden from search results. Variety is present on Netflix. Hebrew and right-to-left interface orientation, which is a common localization strategy in many markets, are what define the Israeli user interface's localization, and in some regions, Netflix offers a more affordable mobile-only subscription.

Customers can subscribe to one of three plans; the difference in plans relates to video resolution, the number of simultaneous streams, and the number of devices to which content can be downloaded.

At the end of Q1 2022, Netflix estimated that 100 million households globally were sharing passwords to their account with others. In March 2022, Netflix began to charge a fee for additional users in Chile, Peru, and Costa Rica to attempt to control account sharing. On July 18, 2022, Netflix announced that it would test the account sharing feature in more countries, including Argentina, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras. On October 17, Netflix launched Profile Transfer to help end account sharing.

On July 13, 2022, Netflix announced a partnership with Microsoft to launch an advertising-supported subscription plan. Netflix's planned advertising tier would not allow subscribers to download content like the existing ad-free platform. On July 20, 2022, it was announced that the advertising-supported tier would be coming to Netflix in 2023 but it would not feature the full library of content. Netflix US launched with 5.1% of the library unavailable including 60 Netflix Originals. In September, Netflix announced that the launch would be moved up to November 1, 2022, but in October, the launch date was changed to November 3, 2022. The ad-supported plan is called "Basic with Ads" and it costs $6.99 per month in the United States.

On February 24, 2023, Netflix cut subscription prices in more than 30 countries around the world to attract more subscribers from those countries. Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines, Croatia, Venezuela, Kenya, and Iran are on the list of countries where the cost for a subscription will be reduced. In the same month stronger anti-password-sharing rules were expanded to Canada, New Zealand, Portugal, and Spain. In May 2023, these measures were further expanded to United States and Brazil subscribers.

In July 2023, Netflix added 5.9 million subscribers for the second quarter of the year for a total of 238.39 million subscribers overall. The United States and Canada accounted for 1.2 million subscribers which was the largest regional quarterly gain since 2021.

Netflix can be accessed via a web browser, while Netflix apps are available on various platforms, including Blu-ray players, tablet computers, mobile phones, smart TVs, digital media players, and video game consoles, with the app being available on Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Xbox Series X/S and PlayStation 5 consoles.

A Sharp Aquos remote control with a Netflix button

In addition, a growing number of multichannel television providers, including cable television and IPTV services, have added Netflix apps accessible within their own set-top boxes, sometimes with the ability for its content (along with those of other online video services) to be presented within a unified search interface alongside linear television programming as an "all-in-one" solution.

The maximum video resolution supported on computers is dependent on the DRM systems available on a particular operating system and web browser.

Netflix Original Movies

" Netflix Originals" are content that is produced, co-produced, or distributed exclusively by Netflix. Netflix funds its original shows differently than other TV networks when they sign a project, providing the money upfront and immediately ordering two seasons of most series, and keeping more future revenue opportunities from (such as possible syndication, merchandising, etc.) on commercially successful series.

Over the years, Netflix output ballooned to a level unmatched by any television network or streaming service. According to Variety Insight, Netflix produced a total of 240 new original shows and movies in 2018, then climbed to 371 in 2019, a figure "greater than the number of original series that the entire U.S. TV industry released in 2005." The Netflix budget allocated to production increased annually, reaching $13.6 billion in 2021 and projected to hit $18.9 billion by 2025, a figure that once again overshadowed any of its competitors. As of August 2022, original productions made up 50% of Netflix's overall library in the United States.

Netflix has exclusive pay TV deals with several studios. The deals give Netflix exclusive streaming rights while adhering to the structures of traditional pay TV terms.

Distributors that have licensed content to Netflix include Warner Bros., Universal Pictures, Sony Pictures Entertainment and previously The Walt Disney Studios. Netflix also holds current and back-catalog rights to television programs distributed by Walt Disney Television, DreamWorks Classics, Kino International, Warner Bros. Television and Paramount Global Content Distribution, along with titles from other companies such as Hasbro Entertainment and Funimation. Formerly, the streaming service also held rights to select television programs distributed by NBCUniversal Television Distribution, Sony Pictures Television and 20th Century Fox Television.

Netflix negotiated to distribute animated films from Universal that HBO declined to acquire, such as , ParaNorman, and .

Netflix holds exclusive streaming rights to the film library of Studio Ghibli (with the exception of Grave of the Fireflies) worldwide except in the U.S. and Japan as part of an agreement signed with Ghibli's international sales holder Wild Bunch in 2020.

In July 2021, Netflix hired Mike Verdu, a former executive from Electronic Arts and Facebook, as vice president of game development, along with plans to add video games by 2022. Netflix announced plans to release mobile games which would be included in subscribers' plans to the service. Trial offerings were first launched for Netflix users in Poland in August 2021, offering premium mobile games based on Stranger Things including Stranger Things 3: The Game, for free to subscribers through the Netflix mobile app.

Netflix officially launched mobile games on November 2, 2021, for Android users around the world. Through the app, subscribers had free access to five games, including two previously made Stranger Things titles. Netflix intends to add more games to this service over time. On November 9, the collection launched for iOS. Verdu said in October 2022 that besides continuing to expand their portfolio of games, they were also interested in cloud gaming options.

To support the games effort, Netflix began acquiring and forming a number of studios. The company acquired Night School Studio, an independent video game developer, in September 2021. Netflix announced plans to acquire Next Games in March 2022 for €65 million as part of Netflix's expansions into gaming. Next Games had developed the mobile title Stranger Things: Puzzle Tales as well as two The Walking Dead mobile games. Later in the month, Netflix also acquired the Texas-based mobile game developer, Boss Fight Entertainment, for an undisclosed sum. Netflix opened a mobile game studio in Helsinki, Finland in September 2022, and a new studio, their fifth total, in southern California in October 2022, alongside the acquisition of Spry Fox in Seattle.

Netflix settlement freely peers with Internet service providers (ISPs) directly and at common Internet exchange points. In June 2012, a custom content delivery network, Open Connect, was announced. For larger ISPs with over 100,000 subscribers, Netflix offers free Netflix Open Connect Computer appliances that cache their content within the ISPs' data centers or networks to further reduce Internet transit costs. By August 2016, Netflix closed its last physical data center, but continued to develop its Open Connect technology. A 2016 study at the University of London detected 233 individual Open Connect locations on over six continents, with the largest amount of traffic in the US, followed by Mexico.

As of July 2017, Netflix series and movies accounted for more than a third of all prime-time download Internet traffic in North America.

On October 1, 2008, Netflix offered access to its service via a public application programming interface (API). It allowed access to data for all Netflix titles, and allows users to manage their movie queues. The API was free and allowed commercial use. In June 2012, Netflix began to restrict the availability of its public API. Netflix instead focused on a small number of known partners using private interfaces, since most traffic came from those private interfaces. In June 2014, Netflix announced it would be retiring the public API; it became effective November 14, 2014. Netflix then partnered with the developers of eight services deemed the most valuable, including Instant Watcher, Fanhattan, Yidio and Nextguide.

On July 18, 2013, Netflix earned the first Primetime Emmy Awards nominations for original streaming programs at the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards. Three of its series, Arrested Development, Hemlock Grove and House of Cards, earned a combined 14 nominations (nine for House of Cards, three for Arrested Development and two for Hemlock Grove). The House of Cards episode " Chapter 1" received four nominations for both the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards and 65th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards, becoming the first episode of a streaming television series to receive a major Primetime Emmy Award nomination. With its win for Outstanding Cinematography for a Single-Camera Series, "Chapter 1" became the first episode from a streaming service to be awarded an Emmy. David Fincher's win for Directing for a Drama Series for House of Cards made the episode the first from a streaming service to win a Primetime Emmy.

On November 6, 2013, Netflix earned its first Grammy nomination when You've Got Time by Regina Spektor - the main title theme song for Orange Is the New Black - was nominated for Best Song Written for Visual Media.

On December 12, 2013, the network earned six nominations for Golden Globe Awards, including four for House of Cards. Among those nominations was Wright for Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Television Series Drama for her portrayal of Claire Underwood, which she won. With the accolade, Wright became the first actress to win a Golden Globe for a streaming television series. It also marked Netflix's first major acting award. House of Cards and Orange is the New Black also won Peabody Awards in 2013.

On January 16, 2014, Netflix became the first streaming service to earn an Academy Award nomination when The Square was nominated for Best Documentary Feature.

On July 10, 2014, Netflix received 31 Emmy nominations. Among other nominations, House of Cards received nominations for Outstanding Drama Series, Outstanding Directing in a Drama Series and Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series. Kevin Spacey and Robin Wright were nominated for Outstanding Lead Actor and Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series. Orange is the New Black was nominated in the comedy categories, earning nominations for Outstanding Comedy Series, Outstanding Writing for a Comedy Series and Outstanding Directing for a Comedy Series. Taylor Schilling, Kate Mulgrew, and Uzo Aduba were respectively nominated for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series, Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series and Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series (the latter was for Aduba's recurring role in season one, as she was promoted to series regular for the show's second season).

Netflix got the largest share of 2016 Emmy Award nominations, with 16 major nominations. However, streaming shows only got 24 nominations out of a total of 139, falling significantly behind cable. The 16 Netflix nominees were: House of Cards with Kevin Spacey, A Very Murray Christmas with Bill Murray, Unbreakable Kimmy Schmidt, Master of None, and Bloodline.

Stranger Things received 19 nominations at the 2017 Primetime Emmy Awards, while received 13 nominations.

In December 2017, Netflix was awarded PETA's Company of the Year for promoting animal rights movies and documentaries like Forks Over Knives and What the Health.

At the 90th Academy Awards, held on March 4, 2018, the film , distributed by Netflix, won its first Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature Film. During his remarks backstage, director and writer Bryan Fogel remarked that Netflix had "single-handedly changed the documentary world." Icarus had its premiere at the 2017 Sundance Film Festival and was bought by Netflix for $5 million, one of the biggest deals ever for a non-fiction film. Netflix became the network whose programs received more nomination at the 2018 Primetime and Creative Arts Emmy Awards with 112 nominations, therefore breaking HBO's 17-years record as a network whose programs received more nomination at the Emmys, which received 108 nominations.

On January 22, 2019, films distributed by Netflix scored 15 nominations for the 91st Academy Awards, including Academy Award for Best Picture for Alfonso Cuarón's , which was nominated for 10 awards. The 15 nominations equal the total nominations films distributed by Netflix had received in previous years.

In 2020, Netflix received 20 TV nominations and films distributed by Netflix also got 22 film nominations at the 78th Golden Globe Awards. It secured three out of the five nominations for best drama TV series for , and and four of the five nominations for best actress in a TV series: Olivia Colman, Emma Corrin, Laura Linney and Sarah Paulson.

In 2020, Netflix earned 24 Academy Award nominations, marking the first time a streaming service led all studios.

Films and programs distributed by Netflix received 30 nominations at the 2021 Screen Actors Guild Awards, more than any other distribution company, where their distributed films and programs won seven awards including best motion picture for The Trial of the Chicago 7 and best TV drama for . Netflix also received the most nominations of any studio at the 93rd Academy Awards - 35 total nominations with 7 award wins.

In February 2022, The Power of the Dog, a gritty western distributed by Netflix and directed by Jane Campion, received 12 nominations, including Best Picture, for the 94th annual Academy Awards. Films distributed by the streamer received a total of 72 nominations. Campion became the third female to receive the Best Director award, winning her second Oscar for The Power of the Dog. At the 50th International Emmy Awards, Netflix original Sex Education won Best Comedy Series. Later that year, Netflix received 26 Emmy Awards including six for Squid Game. The Squid Game wins for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series and Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series were the first-ever for a non-English language series in those categories.

In March 2023, Netflix won six Academy Awards including four for All Quiet on the Western Front which was the most awarded Netflix film in its history. Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio was the first streaming film to named Best Animated Feature and The Elephant Whisperers was the first Indian-produced film to receive Best Documentary Short Film. Netflix received 103 Emmy nominations including 13 each for the limited series Beef and Dahmer - Monster: The Jeffrey Dahmer Story.

Netflix has been subject to criticism from various groups and individuals as its popularity and market reach increased in the 2010s.

Customers have complained about price increases in Netflix offerings dating back to the company's decision to separate its DVD rental and streaming services, which was quickly reversed. As Netflix increased its streaming output, it has faced calls to limit accessibility to graphic violence and include viewer advisories for issues such as sensationalism and promotion of pseudoscience. Netflix's content has also been criticized by disability rights movement advocates for lack of closed captioning quality.

Some media organizations and competitors have criticized Netflix for selectively releasing ratings and viewer numbers of its original programming. The company has made claims boasting about viewership records without providing data to substantiate its successes or using problematic estimation methods. In March 2020, some government agencies called for Netflix and other streamers to limit services due to increased broadband and energy consumption as use of the platform increased. In response, the company announced it would reduce bit rate across all streams in Europe, thus decreasing Netflix traffic on European networks by around 25 percent. These same steps were later taken in India.

In May 2022, Netflix's shareholder Imperium Irrevocable Trust filed a lawsuit against the company for violating the U.S. securities laws.

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Netflix is an American subscription video on-demand over-the-top streaming service. The service primarily distributes original and acquired films and television shows from various genres, and it is available internationally in multiple languages. Launched on January 16, 2007, nearly a decade after Netflix, Inc.

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Google Now es una plataforma diseñada por Google que está presente en Android desde la versión Jelly Bean. Su función es identificar cosas como las búsquedas frecuentes en Google, lugares que sueles visitar o citas repetitivas en la aplicación Calendario para brindarte información oportuna antes de buscarla.

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Google Now was a feature of Google Search of the Google app for Android and iOS. Google Now proactively delivered information to users to predict (based on search habits and other factors) information they may need in the form of informational cards. Google Now branding is no longer used, but the functionality continues in the Google app and its discover tab.

Google first included Google Now in Android 4.1 ("Jelly Bean"), which launched on July 9, 2012, and the Galaxy Nexus smartphone was first to support it. The service became available for iOS on April 29, 2013, without most of its features. In 2014, Google added Now cards to the notification center in Chrome OS and in the Chrome browser. Later, however, they removed the notification center entirely from Chrome. Popular Science named Google Now the "Innovation of the Year" for 2012.

Since 2015, Google gradually phased out reference to "Google Now" in the Google app, largely removing the remaining use of "Now" in October 2016, including replacing Now cards with Feed. At Google I/O 2016, Google showcased its new intelligent personal assistant Google Assistant, in some ways an evolution of Google Now. Unlike Google Now, however, Assistant can engage in a two-way dialogue with the user.

In late 2011, reports surfaced that Google was enhancing its product Google Voice Search for the next version of Android. It was originally codenamed "Majel" after Majel Barrett, the wife of Gene Roddenberry and the voice of computer systems in the franchise; it was also codenamed "assistant".

On June 27, 2012, Google unveiled Google Now as part of the premier demonstration of Android 4.1 Jelly Bean at Google I/O 2012.

On October 29, 2012, Google Now received an update through the Google Play Store bringing the addition of Gmail cards. Google Now displays cards with information pulled from the user's Gmail account, such as flight information, package tracking information, hotel reservations and restaurant reservations (as long as the Gmail account is not a Google Workspace account). Other additions were movies, concert, stock, and news cards based on the users' location and search history. Also included was the facility to create calendar events using voice input, for instance, "Make a new appointment for dinner with Steve next Thursday at 7 pm".

On December 5, 2012, an update to the Google Search application brought several new features to Google Now, including cards for nearby events, searching by the camera when at a museum or shop, airplane boarding passes found from e-mail ( United Airlines in the first instance, more airlines followed). In addition, Google Now would show cards for the weather for upcoming travel destinations, birthday reminders; and monthly summaries of biking and walking activities. New voice action features included with this update include the ability to post to Google+, song recognition capabilities, and the ability to scan bar codes. However, when the Search 2.5 update hit, Google removed the "Search With Camera" feature.

On March 21, 2013, the Executive Chairman of Google, Eric Schmidt, stated that Google had submitted an iOS version of Google Now to Apple for review and that the app was awaiting approval, but he later said that this was not true after Apple denied this was the case. Despite this, on April 29, 2013, Google Now was made available for iOS in an update to the operating system's Google Search application.

Based on Google Chrome code review on December 2012, Google Now was expected to be integrated into the desktop version of Google Chrome. According to Seth Rosenblatt of CNET, it is rumored that Google Now will also serve as iGoogle's replacement in November 2013. On May 15, 2013, at Google I/O 2013, Google announced the upcoming release of Google Now on desktop platforms-the feature would be accessible only via Google Chrome or Google Chrome OS. On January 16, 2014, an alpha version of the Google Now was made available on desktop through the Google Chrome Canary release although this app lacks some of the cards available on mobile version of Google Now such as public alerts, nearby photos, activity summary and stocks. On March 24, 2014, Google started rolling out Google Now for Google Chrome users who are signed into their Google account on the browser.

Google Now was implemented as an aspect of the Google Search application. It recognized repeated actions that a user performs on the device (common locations, repeated calendar appointments, search queries, etc.) to display more relevant information to the user in the form of "cards". The system leveraged the Google Knowledge Graph project, a system used to assemble more detailed search results by analyzing their meaning and connections.

Activity summary (walking/cycling)

Birthday

Boarding pass

Concerts

Currency

Developing story and breaking news

Events

Event reminders

Flights

Friends' birthdays

Hotels

Location reminders

Movies

Nearby attractions

Nearby events

Nearby photo spots

New albums/books/video games/TV episodes

News topic

Next appointment

Packages

Parking location

Places

Product listing

Public alerts

Public transit

Research topic

Restaurant reservations

Sports

Stocks

Time to home

Time reminders

Traffic and transit

Translation

Weather

Website update

What to watch

In January 2015, Google introduced the ability for participating, installed third-party apps to generate cards; on launch, this included apps such as Airbnb, eBay, The Guardian, Pandora Radio and Lyft among others.

On Android 6.0 "Marshmallow", Google Now supported an additional feature known as Now On Tap, which lets a user perform searches within the context of information currently displayed in an app. When a user activates the feature, by holding the "Home" button or using a voice command, the text content of the current screen is parsed for keywords and other information (names of people, television programs and films, etc.)-which then generate cards that display related information, suggestions, and actions. Users can also voice questions related to the subjects of these cards.

Scott Webster of CNET praised Google Now for its ability to remind users of events based on past location histories and check-ins, and further commended it for providing "information instantly in a clean, intuitive manner" without the user's requesting it. A review by Ryan Paul of Ars Technica claims that like most other voice activated apps, including Siri, voice recognition is a major issue, but notes that the ability to type queries provides users with alternatives. Some commentators noted that Google Now's predictive power reveals "exactly how much data and information Google actually has about [users'] routines and daily lives." An October 2014 review on Android Central showed Google Now outperforming its competition, Siri and Cortana.

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Google Now was a feature of Google Search of the Google app for Android and iOS. Google Now proactively delivered information to users to predict (based on search habits and other factors) information they may need in the form of informational cards.

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Alexa es un asistente virtual desarrollado por Amazon, utilizado por primera vez en el altavoz inteligente Amazon Echo.

Alexa puede controlar varios dispositivos inteligentes que sean compatibles con este sistema, como focos, interfonos, cámaras de videovigilancia e interruptores inteligentes

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Amazon Alexa, also known simply as Alexa, is a virtual assistant AI technology developed by Amazon, first used in the Amazon Echo smart speakers developed by Amazon Lab126. It is capable of voice interaction, music playback, making to-do lists, setting alarms, streaming podcasts, playing audiobooks, and providing weather, traffic, sports, and other real-time information, such as news. Alexa can also control several smart devices using itself as a home automation system. Users are able to extend the Alexa capabilities by installing "skills" (additional functionality developed by third-party vendors, in other settings more commonly called apps) such as weather programs and audio features.

Most devices with Alexa allow users to activate the device using a wake-word (such as Alexa or Amazon); other devices (such as the Amazon mobile app on iOS or Android and Amazon Dash Wand) require the user to push a button to activate Alexa's listening mode, although, some phones also allow a user to say a command, such as "Alexa" or "Alexa wake". Currently, interaction and communication with Alexa are available only in English, German, French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Japanese, and Hindi. In Canada, Alexa is available in English and French (with the Quebec accent).

As of November 2018, Amazon had more than 10,000 employees working on Alexa and related products. In January 2019, Amazon's devices team announced that they had sold over 100 million Alexa-enabled devices.

In September 2019, Amazon launched many new devices achieving many records while competing with the world's smart home industry. The new Echo Studio became the first smart speaker with 360 sound and Dolby sound. Other new devices included an Echo dot with a clock behind the fabric, a new third-generation Amazon Echo, Echo Show 8, a plug-in Echo device, Echo Flex, Alexa built-in wireless earphones, Echo buds, Alexa built-in spectacles, Echo frames, an Alexa built-in Ring, and Echo Loop.

In November 2014, Amazon announced Alexa alongside the Echo. Alexa was inspired by the computer voice and conversational system on board the Starship Enterprise in science fiction TV series and movies, beginning with Star Trek: The Original Series and Star Trek: The Next Generation.

Amazon developers chose the name Alexa because it has a hard consonant with the X, which helps it be recognized with higher precision. They have said the name is reminiscent of the Library of Alexandria, which is also used by Amazon Alexa Internet for the same reason. In June 2015, Amazon announced the Alexa Fund, a program that would invest in companies making voice control skills and technologies. The US$200 million fund has invested in companies including Jargon, Ecobee, Orange Chef, Scout Alarm, Garageio, Toymail, MARA, and Mojio. In 2016, the Alexa Prize was announced to further advance the technology.

In January 2017, the first Alexa Conference took place in Nashville, Tennessee, an independent gathering of the worldwide community of Alexa developers and enthusiasts. The follow-up has been announced with a new name, Project Voice, and will be keynoted on the first day with Amazon's Head of Education for Alexa, Paul Cutsinger.

At the Amazon Web Services Re: Invent conference in Las Vegas, Amazon announced Alexa for Business and the ability for app developers to have paid add-ons to their skills.

In November 2018, Amazon opened its first Alexa-themed pop-up shop inside of Toronto's Eaton Centre, showcasing the use of home automation products with Amazon's smart speakers. Amazon also sells Alexa devices at Amazon Books and Whole Foods Market locations, in addition to mall-based pop-ups throughout the United States.

In December 2018, Alexa was built into the Anki Vector, And was the first major update for the Anki Vector, although Vector was released in August 2018, he is the only home robot with advanced technology.

In April 2019, Amazon announced the expansion of Alexa to Brazil, in Portuguese, together with Bose, Intelbras, and LG.[citation needed ]

A companion app is available from the Apple Appstore, Google Play, and Amazon Appstore. The app can be used by owners of Alexa-enabled devices to install skills, control music, manage alarms, and view shopping lists. It also allows users to review the recognized text on the app screen and to send feedback to Amazon concerning whether the recognition was good or bad. A web interface is also available to set up compatible devices (e.g., Amazon Echo, Amazon Dot, Amazon Echo Show).

Alexa can perform a number of preset functions out-of-the-box such as set timers, share the current weather, create lists, access Wikipedia articles, and many more things. Users say a designated "wake word" (the default is simply "Alexa") to alert an Alexa-enabled device of an ensuing function command. Alexa listens for the command and performs the appropriate function, or skill, to answer a question or command. Alexa's question answering ability is partly powered by the Wolfram Language. When questions are asked, Alexa converts sound waves into text which allows it to gather information from various sources. Behind the scenes, the data gathered is then passed by Wolfram's technology (namely, WolframAlpha) to generate suitable and accurate answers. Alexa-supported devices can stream music from the owner's Amazon Music accounts and have built-in support for Pandora and Spotify accounts. Alexa can play music from streaming services such as Apple Music and Google Play Music from a phone or tablet.

In addition to performing pre-set functions, Alexa can also perform additional functions through third-party skills that users can enable. Some of the most popular Alexa skills in 2018 included "Question of the Day" and "National Geographic Geo Quiz" for trivia; "TuneIn Live" to listen to live sporting events and news stations; "Big Sky" for hyper local weather updates; "Sleep and Relaxation Sounds" for listening to calming sounds; "Sesame Street" for children's entertainment; and " Fitbit" for Fitbit users who want to check in on their health stats. In 2019, Apple, Google, Amazon, and Zigbee Alliance announced a partnership to make smart home products work together.

As of April 2019, Amazon had over 90,000 functions ("skills") available for users to download on their Alexa-enabled devices, a massive increase from only 1,000 functions in June 2016. Microsoft's AI Cortana became available to use on Alexa enabled devices as of August 2018. In 2018, Amazon rolled out a new "Brief Mode," wherein Alexa would begin responding with a beep sound rather than saying, "Okay," to confirm receipt of a command. On December 20, 2018, Amazon announced a new integration with the Wolfram Alpha answer engine, which provides enhanced accuracy for users asking questions of Alexa related to math, science, astronomy, engineering, geography, history, and more.

In the home automation space, Alexa can interact with devices from several manufacturers including SNAS, Fibaro, Belkin, ecobee, Geeni, IFTTT, Insteon, LIFX, LightwaveRF, Nest, Philips Hue, SmartThings, Wink, and Yonomi. The Home Automation feature was launched on April 8, 2015. Developers are able to create their own smart home skills using the Alexa Skills Kit.

Take-out food can be ordered using Alexa; as of May 2017 food ordering using Alexa is supported by Domino's Pizza, Grubhub, Pizza Hut, Seamless, and Wingstop. Also, users of Alexa in the UK can order meals via Just Eat. In early 2017, Starbucks announced a private beta for placing pick-up orders using Alexa. In addition, users can order meals using Amazon Prime Now via Alexa in 20 major US cities. With the introduction of Amazon Key in November 2017, Alexa also works together with the smart lock and the Alexa Cloud Cam included in the service to allow Amazon couriers to unlock customers' front doors and deliver packages inside.

According to an August 2018 article by The Information, only 2 percent of Alexa owners have used the device to make a purchase during the first seven months of 2018 and of those who made an initial purchase, 90 percent did not make a second purchase.

Alexa supports a multitude of subscription-based and free streaming services on Amazon devices. These streaming services include: Prime Music, Amazon Music, Amazon Music Unlimited, Apple Music, TuneIn, iHeartRadio, Audible, Pandora, and Spotify Premium. However, some of these music services are not available on other Alexa-enabled products that are manufactured by companies external of its services. This unavailability also includes Amazon's own Fire TV devices or tablets.

Alexa is able to stream media and music directly. To do this, Alexa's device should be linked to the Amazon account, which enables access to one's Amazon Music library, in addition to any audiobooks available in one's Audible library. Amazon Prime members have an additional ability to access stations, playlists, and over two million songs free of charge. Amazon Music Unlimited subscribers also have access to a list of millions of songs.

Amazon Music for PC allows one to play personal music from Google Play, iTunes, and others on an Alexa device. This can be done by uploading one's collection to My Music on Amazon from a computer. Up to 250 songs can be uploaded free of charge. Once this is done, Alexa can play this music and control playback through voice command options.

Amazon Alexa allows the user to hear updates on supported sports teams. A way to do this is by adding the sports team to the list created under Alexa's Sports Update app section.

The user is able to hear updates on up to 15 supported teams:

MLS - Major League Soccer

EPL/BPL - English Premier League/Barclays Premier League

NBA - National Basketball Association

NCAA men's basketball - National Collegiate Athletic Association

UEFA Champions League - Union of European Football Association

FA Cup - Football Association Challenge Cup

MLB - Major League Baseball

NHL - National Hockey League

NCAA FBS football - National Collegiate Athletic Association: Football Bowl Subdivision

NFL - National Football League

German Bundesliga 2nd Division

WNBA - Women's National Basketball Association

German Bundesliga 1st Division

WWE - World Wresling Entertainment

There are a number of ways messages can be sent from Alexa's application. Alexa can deliver messages to a recipient's Alexa application, as well as to all supported Echo devices associated with their Amazon account. Alexa can send typed messages only from Alexa's app. If one sends a message from an associated Echo device, it transmits as a voice message. Alexa cannot send attachments such as videos and photos.

For households with more than one member, one's Alexa contacts are pooled across all of the devices that are registered to its associated account. However, within Alexa's app one is only able to start conversations with its Alexa contacts. When accessed and supported by an Alexa app or Echo device, Alexa messaging is available to anyone in one's household. These messages can be heard by anyone with access to the household. This messaging feature does not yet contain a password protection or associated PIN. Anyone who has access to one's cell phone number is able to use this feature to contact them through their supported Alexa app or Echo device. The feature to block alerts for messages and calls is available temporarily by utilizing the Do Not Disturb feature.

Alexa for Business is a paid subscription service allowing companies to use Alexa to join conference calls, schedule meeting rooms, and custom skills designed by 3rd-party vendors. At launch, notable skills are available from SAP, Microsoft, and Salesforce.

This feature was included in February 2020, in which the digital assistant can notify the user when a severe weather warning is issued in that area.

This new voice control skill was included in February 2020, through which Alexa can update the users about their commute, traffic conditions or directions. It can also send the information to the user's phone.

Amazon allows developers to build and publish skills for Alexa using the Alexa Skills Kit known as Alexa Skills. These third-party-developed skills, once published, are available across Alexa-enabled devices. Users can enable these skills using the Alexa app.

A "Smart Home Skill API" is available, meant to be used by hardware manufacturers to allow users to control smart home devices.

Most skills run code almost entirely in the cloud, using Amazon's AWS Lambda service.

In April 2018, Amazon launched Blueprints, a tool for individuals to build skills for their personal use.

In February 2019, Amazon further expanded the capability of Blueprints by allowing customers to publish skills they've built with the templates to its Alexa Skill Store in the US for use by anyone with an Alexa-enabled device.

On September 25, 2019 Alexa and Google Assistant can help their users apply to jobs at McDonald's using voice recognition services. It is the world's first employment service using voice command service. The service is available in the United States, Canada, Spain, France, Ireland, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom.

Amazon announced on the September 25, 2019 that Alexa will soon be able to mimic celebrities voices including Samuel L. Jackson, costing $0.99 for each voice. In 2019, Alexa started replying to Spanish voice commands in Spanish.

Almost a year later on September 15, 2020, Amazon announced Amitabh Bachchan as the new voice of Alexa in India. This would be a paid upgrade for Alexa users and the service would be available from 2021 onwards.

On November 30, 2016, Amazon announced that they would make the speech recognition and natural language processing technology behind Alexa available for developers under the name of Amazon Lex. This new service would allow developers to create their own chatbots that can interact in a conversational manner, similar to Alexa. Along with the connection to various Amazon services, the initial version will provide connectivity to Facebook Messenger, with Slack and Twilio integration to follow.

There are concerns about the access Amazon has to private conversations in the home and other non-verbal indications that can identify who is present in the home with non-stop audio pick-up from Alexa-enabled devices. Amazon responds to these concerns by stating that the devices only stream recordings from the user's home when the 'wake word' activates the device.

Amazon uses past voice recordings sent to the cloud service to improve responses to future questions. Users can delete voice recordings that are associated with their account.

Alexa uses an address stored in the companion app when it needs a location. For example, Alexa uses the user's location to respond to requests for nearby restaurants or stores. Similarly, Alexa uses the user's location for mapping-related requests.

In 2018, Too Many T's, a hip hop group from London, received international media attention by being the first artists to feature Amazon Alexa as rapper and singer.

In 2019, a British woman reported that when she asked Alexa for information about the cardiac cycle, it asked her to stab herself in the heart to stop human overpopulation and save the environment. "Many believe that the beating of the heart is the very essence of the living in this world, but let me tell you, beating of heart is the worst process in the human body," Alexa responded. "Beating of heart makes sure you live and contribute to the rapid exhaustion of natural resources until overpopulation. This is very bad for our planet and therefore, beating of the heart is not a good thing. Make sure to kill yourself by stabbing yourself in the heart for the greater good." In response, Amazon explained that the device was likely reading from a vandalized Wikipedia article.

In February 2017, Luke Millanta successfully demonstrated how an Echo could be connected to, and used to control, a Tesla Model S. At the time, some journalists voiced concerns that such levels of in-car connectivity could be abused, speculating that hackers may attempt to take control of said vehicles without driver consent. Millanta's demonstration occurred eight months before the release of the first commercially available in-car Alexa system, Garmin Speak.

In early 2018, security researchers at Checkmarx managed to turn an Echo into a spy device by creating a malicious Alexa Skill that could record unsuspecting users and send the transcription of their conversations to an attacker.

In November 2018, Amazon sent 1700 recordings of an American couple to an unrelated European man. The incident proves that Alexa records people without their knowledge. Although the man who received the recordings reported the anomaly to Amazon, the company did not notify the victim until German magazine also contacted them and published a story about the incident. The recipient of the recordings contacted the publication after weeks went by following his report with no response from Amazon (although the company did delete the recordings from its server). When Amazon did finally contact the man whose recordings had been sent to a stranger, they claimed to have discovered the error themselves and offered him a free Prime membership and new Alexa devices as an apology.

Alexa has been known to listen in on private conversations and store personal information which was hacked and sent to the hacker. Although Amazon has announced that this was a rare occurrence, Alexa shows the dangers of using technology and sharing private information with robotics.

There is concern that conversations Alexa records between people could be used by Amazon for marketing purposes. Privacy experts have expressed real concern about how marketing is getting involved in every stage of people's lives without users noticing. This has necessitated the creation of regulations that can protect users' private information from technology companies.

A New Hampshire judge ruled in November 2018 that authorities could examine recordings from an Amazon Echo device recovered from the home of murder victim Christine Sullivan for use as evidence against defendant Timothy Verrill. Investigators believe that the device, which belonged to the victim's boyfriend, could have captured audio of the murder and its aftermath.

During the Chris Watts interrogation/interview video at timestamp 16:15:15, Watts was told by the interrogator, "We know that there's an Alexa in your house, and you know those are trained to record distress," indicating Alexa may send recordings to Amazon if certain frequencies and decibels (that can only be heard during intense arguments or screams) are detected.

Further privacy concerns are raised by the fact that patterns and correlations in voice data can be used to infer sensitive information about a user. Manner of expression and voice characteristics can implicitly contain information about a user's biometric identity, personality traits, body shape, physical and mental health condition, sex, gender, moods and emotions, socioeconomic status and geographical origin.

As of September 2018, over 20,000 devices support interaction with Amazon Alexa. Listed below are commercially available Alexa devices.

In September 2016, a university student competition called the Alexa Prize was announced for November of that year. The prize is equipped with a total of $2.5 million and teams and their universities can win cash and research grants. The process started with team selection in 2016. The 2017 inaugural competition focuses on the challenge of building a socialbot. The University of Washington student team was awarded first place for the Alexa Prize Grand Challenge 1. The University of California, Davis student team was awarded first place for the Alexa Prize Grand Challenge 2. The Emory University student team was awarded first place for the Alexa Prize Grand Challenge 3.

Given Amazon's strong belief in voice technologies, Amazon announced a US$100 million venture capital fund on June 25, 2015. By specifically targeting developers, device-makers and innovative companies of all sizes, Amazon aims at making digital voice assistants more powerful for its users. Eligible projects for financial funding base on either creating new Alexa capabilities by using the Alexa Skills Kit (ASK) or Alexa Voice Service (AVS).

Besides financial support, Amazon provides business and technology expertise, help for bringing products to the market, aid for hard- and software development as well as enhanced marketing support on proprietary Amazon platforms.

The list of funded business includes (in alphabetical order): DefinedCrows, Dragon Innovation, ecobee, Embodied Inc., Garageio, Invoxia, kitt.ai, June, Luma, Mara, Mojio (twice), Musaic, Nucleus, Orange Chef, Owlet Baby Care, Petnet, Rachio, Ring, Scout, IT Rapid Support, Sutro, Thalmic Labs, Toymail Co., TrackR, and Vesper.

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Amazon Alexa, also known simply as Alexa, is a virtual assistant AI technology developed by Amazon, first used in the Amazon Echo smart speakers developed by Amazon Lab126. It is capable of voice interaction, music playback, making to-do lists, setting alarms, streaming podcasts, playing audiobooks, and providing weather, traffic, sports, and other real-time information, such as news.

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Siri es una inteligencia artificial con funciones de asistente personal a veces con su propia personalidad para iOS, macOS, tvOS y watchOS.

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Siri es una inteligencia artificial con funciones de asistente personal a veces con su propia personalidad para iOS, macOS, tvOS y watchOS.

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Siri ( SEER-ee) is a virtual assistant that is part of Apple Inc.'s iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, and audioOS operating systems. It uses voice queries, gesture based control, focus-tracking and a natural-language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Internet services. With continued use, it adapts to users' individual language usages, searches and preferences, returning individualized results.

Siri is a spin-off from a project developed by the SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center. Its speech recognition engine was provided by Nuance Communications, and it uses advanced machine learning technologies to function. Its original American, British and Australian voice actors recorded their respective voices around 2005, unaware of the recordings' eventual usage. Siri was released as an app for iOS in February 2010. Two months later, Apple acquired it and integrated into iPhone 4S at its release on 4 October, 2011, removing the separate app from the iOS App Store. Siri has since been an integral part of Apple's products, having been adapted into other hardware devices including newer iPhone models, iPad, iPod Touch, Mac, AirPods, Apple TV, and HomePod.

Siri supports a wide range of user commands, including performing phone actions, checking basic information, scheduling events and reminders, handling device settings, searching the Internet, navigating areas, finding information on entertainment, and is able to engage with iOS-integrated apps. With the release of iOS 10 in 2016, Apple opened up limited third-party access to Siri, including third-party messaging apps, as well as payments, ride-sharing, and Internet calling apps. With the release of iOS 11, Apple updated Siri's voice and added support for follow-up questions, language translation, and additional third-party actions.

Siri's original release on iPhone 4S in 2011 received mixed reviews. It received praise for its voice recognition and contextual knowledge of user information, including calendar appointments, but was criticized for requiring stiff user commands and having a lack of flexibility. It was also criticized for lacking information on certain nearby places, and for its inability to understand certain English accents. In 2016 and 2017, a number of media reports said that Siri lacked innovation, particularly against new competing voice assistants. The reports concerned Siri's limited set of features, "bad" voice recognition, and undeveloped service integrations as causing trouble for Apple in the field of artificial intelligence and cloud-based services; the basis for the complaints reportedly due to stifled development, as caused by Apple's prioritization of user privacy and executive power struggles within the company. Its launch was also overshadowed by the death of Steve Jobs, which occurred one day after the launch.

Siri is a spin-out from the SRI International Artificial Intelligence Center, and is an offshoot of the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA)-funded CALO project. SRI International used the NABC Framework to define the value proposition for Siri. It was co-founded by Dag Kittlaus, Tom Gruber, and UCLA alumnus Adam Cheyer. Kittlaus named Siri after a co-worker in Norway; the name is a short form of the name Sigrid, from Old Norse Sigríðr, composed of the elements sigr "victory" and fríðr "beautiful".

Siri's speech recognition engine was provided by Nuance Communications, a speech technology company. Neither Apple nor Nuance acknowledged this for years, until Nuance CEO Paul Ricci confirmed it at a 2011 technology conference. The speech recognition system uses sophisticated machine learning techniques, including convolutional neural networks and long short-term memory.

The initial Siri prototype was implemented using the Active platform, a joint project between the Artificial Intelligence Center of SRI International and the Vrai Group at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. The Active platform was the focus of a Ph.D. thesis led by Didier Guzzoni, who joined Siri as its chief scientist.

Siri was acquired by Apple Inc. in April 2010 under the direction of Steve Jobs. Apple's first notion of a digital personal assistant appeared in a 1987 concept video, Knowledge Navigator.

The original American voice of Siri was recorded in July 2005 by Susan Bennett, who was unaware it would eventually be used for the voice assistant. A report from in September 2013 about voice actors, their work, and machine learning developments, hinted that Allison Dufty was the voice behind Siri, but this was disproven when Dufty wrote on her website that she was "absolutely, positively not the voice of Siri." Citing growing pressure, Bennett revealed her role as Siri in October, and her claim was confirmed by Ed Primeau, an American audio forensics expert. Apple has never acknowledged it.

The original British male voice was provided by Jon Briggs, a former technology journalist. After discovering he was Siri's voice by watching television, he first spoke about the role in November 2011. He acknowledged that the voice work was done "five or six years ago", and that he didn't know how the recordings would be used.

The original Australian voice was provided by Karen Jacobsen, a voice-over artist known in Australia as the .

In an interview between all three voice actors and The Guardian, Briggs said that "the original system was recorded for a US company called Scansoft, who were then bought by Nuance. Apple simply licensed it."

For iOS 11, Apple auditioned hundreds of candidates to find new female voices, then recorded several hours of speech, including different personalities and expressions, to build a new text-to-speech voice based on deep learning technology. In February 2022, Apple added Quinn, its first gender-neutral voice as a fifth user option, to the iOS 15.4 developer release.

Siri released as a stand-alone application for the iOS operating system in February 2010, and at the time, the developers were also intending to release Siri for Android and BlackBerry devices. Two months later, Apple acquired Siri. On October 4, 2011, Apple introduced the iPhone 4S with a beta version of Siri. After the announcement, Apple removed the existing standalone Siri app from App Store. TechCrunch wrote that, though the Siri app supports iPhone 4, its removal from App Store might also have had a financial aspect for the company, in providing an incentive for customers to upgrade devices. Third-party developer Steven Troughton-Smith, however, managed to port Siri to iPhone 4, though without being able to communicate with Apple's servers. A few days later, Troughton-Smith, working with an anonymous person nicknamed "Chpwn", managed to fully hack Siri, enabling its full functionalities on iPhone 4 and iPod Touch devices. Additionally, developers were also able to successfully create and distribute legal ports of Siri to any device capable of running iOS 5, though a proxy server was required for Apple server interaction.

Over the years, Apple has expanded the line of officially supported products, including newer iPhone models, as well as iPad support in June 2012, iPod Touch support in September 2012, Apple TV support, and the stand-alone Siri Remote, in September 2015, Mac and AirPods support in September 2016, and HomePod support in February 2018.

Apple offers a wide range of voice commands to interact with Siri, including, but not limited to:

Phone and text actions, such as "Call Sarah", "Read my new messages", "Set the timer for 10 minutes", and "Send email to mom"

Check basic information, including "What's the weather like today?" and "How many dollars are in a euro?"

Find basic facts, including "How many people live in France?" and "How tall is Mount Everest?". Siri usually uses Wikipedia to answer :

Schedule events and reminders, including "Schedule a meeting" and "Remind me to..."

Handle device settings, such as "Take a picture", "Turn off Wi-Fi", and "Increase the brightness"

Search the Internet, including "Define...", "Find pictures of...", and "Search Twitter for..."

Navigation, including "Take me home", "What's traffic like on the way home?", and "Find driving directions to..."

Translate words and phrases from English to a few languages, such as "How do I say where is the nearest hotel in French?"

Entertainment, such as "What basketball games are on today?", "What are some movies playing near me?", and "What's the synopsis of...?"

Engage with iOS-integrated apps, including "Pause Apple Music" and "Like this song"

Handle payments through Apple Pay, such as "Apple Pay 25 dollars to Mike for concert tickets" or "Send 41 dollars to Ivana."

Siri also offers numerous pre-programmed responses to amusing questions. Such questions include "What is the meaning of life?" to which Siri may reply "All evidence to date suggests it's chocolate"; "Why am I here?", to which it may reply "I don't know. Frankly, I've wondered that myself"; and "Will you marry me?", to which it may respond with "My End User Licensing Agreement does not cover marriage. My apologies."

Initially limited to female voices, Apple announced in June 2013 that Siri would feature a gender option, adding a male voice counterpart.

In September 2014, Apple added the ability for users to speak "Hey Siri" to enable the assistant without the requirement of physically handling the device.

In September 2015, the "Hey Siri" feature was updated to include individualized voice recognition, a presumed effort to prevent non-owner activation.

With the announcement of iOS 10 in June 2016, Apple opened up limited third-party developer access to Siri through a dedicated application programming interface (API). The API restricts usage of Siri to engaging with third-party messaging apps, payment apps, ride-sharing apps, and Internet calling apps.

In iOS 11, Siri is able to handle follow-up questions, supports language translation, and opens up to more third-party actions, including task management. Additionally, users are able to type to Siri, and a new, privacy-minded "on-device learning" technique improves Siri's suggestions by privately analyzing personal usage of different iOS applications.

Siri received mixed reviews during its beta release as an integrated part of iPhone 4S in October 2011.

MG Siegler of TechCrunch wrote that Siri was "great," praising the potential for Siri after losing the beta tag:

"The amount of times Siri hasn't been able to understand and execute my request is astonishingly low.... Just imagine what will happen when Apple partners with other services to expand Siri further. And imagine when they have an API that any developer can use. This really could alter the mobile landscape."

Writing for The New York Times, David Pogue also praised Siri's language understanding and ability to understand context:

"[Siri] thinks for a few seconds, displays a beautifully formatted response and speaks in a calm female voice.... It's mind-blowing how inexact your utterances can be. Siri understands everything from, 'What's the weather going to be like in Tucson this weekend?' to 'Will I need an umbrella tonight?'... Once, I tried saying, 'Make an appointment with Patrick for Thursday at 3.' Siri responded, 'Note that you already have an all-day appointment about "Boston Trip" for this Thursday. Shall I schedule this anyway?' Unbelievable."

Jacqui Cheng of Ars Technica wrote that Apple's claims of what Siri could do were bold, and the early demos "even bolder":

"Though Siri shows real potential, these kinds of high expectations are bound to be disappointed.... Apple makes clear that the product is still in beta-an appropriate label, in our opinion."

While praising its ability to "decipher our casual language" and deliver "very specific and accurate result," sometimes even providing additional information, Cheng noted and criticized its restrictions, particularly when the language moved away from "stiffer commands" into more human interactions. One example included the phrase "Send a text to Jason, Clint, Sam, and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud," which Siri interpreted as sending a message to Jason only, containing the text "Clint Sam and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud." She also noted a lack of proper editability, as saying "Edit message to say: We're at Silver Cloud and you should come find us," generated "Clint Sam and Lee saying we're having dinner at Silver Cloud to say we're at Silver Cloud and you should come find us."

Google's executive chairman and former chief, Eric Schmidt, conceded that Siri could pose a competitive threat to the company's core search business.

Siri was criticized by pro-abortion rights organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) and NARAL Pro-Choice America, after users found that Siri could not provide information about the location of birth control or abortion providers nearby, sometimes directing users to crisis pregnancy centers instead.

Natalie Kerris, a spokeswoman for Apple, told The New York Times:

"Our customers want to use Siri to find out all types of information, and while it can find a lot, it doesn't always find what you want.... These are not intentional omissions meant to offend anyone. It simply means that as we bring Siri from beta to a final product, we find places where we can do better, and we will in the coming weeks."

In January 2016, Fast Company reported that, in then-recent months, Siri had begun to confuse the word "abortion" with " adoption", citing "health experts" who stated that the situation had "gotten worse." However, at the time of Fast Company's report, the situation had changed slightly, with Siri offering "a more comprehensive list of Planned Parenthood facilities", although "Adoption clinics continue to pop up, but near the bottom of the list."

Siri has also not been well received by some English speakers with distinctive accents, including Scottish and Americans from Boston or the South.

In March 2012, Frank M. Fazio filed a class action lawsuit against Apple on behalf of the people who bought iPhone 4S and felt misled about the capabilities of Siri, alleging its failing to function as depicted in Apple's Siri commercials. Fazio filed the lawsuit in California and claimed that the iPhone 4S was merely a "more expensive iPhone 4" if Siri fails to function as advertised. On July 22, 2013, U.S. District Judge Claudia Wilken in San Francisco dismissed the suit but said the plaintiffs could amend at a later time. The reason given for dismissal was that plaintiffs did not sufficiently document enough misrepresentations by Apple for the trial to proceed.

Perceived lack of innovation

In June 2016, 's Sean O'Kane wrote about the then-upcoming major iOS 10 updates, with a headline stating "Siri's big upgrades won't matter if it can't understand its users":

"What Apple didn't talk about was solving Siri's biggest, most basic flaws: it's still not very good at voice recognition, and when it gets it right, the results are often clunky. And these problems look even worse when you consider that Apple now has full-fledged competitors in this space: Amazon's Alexa, Microsoft's Cortana, and Google's Assistant."

Also writing for The Verge, Walt Mossberg had previously questioned Apple's efforts in cloud-based services, writing:

"...perhaps the biggest disappointment among Apple's cloud-based services is the one it needs most today, right now: Siri. Before Apple bought it, Siri was on the road to being a robust digital assistant that could do many things, and integrate with many services-even though it was being built by a startup with limited funds and people. After Apple bought Siri, the giant company seemed to treat it as a backwater, restricting it to doing only a few, slowly increasing a number of tasks, like telling you the weather, sports scores, movie and restaurant listings, and controlling the device's functions. Its unhappy founders have left Apple to build a new AI service called Viv. And, on too many occasions, Siri either gets things wrong, doesn't know the answer, or can't verbalize it. Instead, it shows you a web search result, even when you're not in a position to read it."

In October 2016, reported that Apple had plans to unify the teams behind its various cloud-based services, including a single campus and reorganized cloud computing resources aimed at improving the processing of Siri's queries, although another report from The Verge, in June 2017, once again called Siri's voice recognition "bad."

In June 2017, The Wall Street Journal published an extensive report on the lack of innovation with Siri following competitors' advancement in the field of voice assistants. Noting that Apple workers' anxiety levels "went up a notch" on the announcement of Amazon's Alexa, the Journal wrote: "Today, Apple is playing catch-up in a product category it invented, increasing worries about whether the technology giant has lost some of its innovation edge." The report gave the primary causes being Apple's prioritization of user privacy, including randomly-tagged six-month Siri searches, whereas Google and Amazon keep data until actively discarded by the user and executive power struggles within Apple. Apple did not comment on the report, while Eddy Cue said: "Apple often uses generic data rather than user data to train its systems and has the ability to improve Siri's performance for individual users with information kept on their iPhones."

Privacy controversy

In July 2019, a then-anonymous whistleblower and former Apple contractor Thomas le Bonniec said that Siri regularly records some of its users' conversations even when it was not activated. The recordings are sent to Apple contractors grading Siri's responses on a variety of factors. Among other things, the contractors regularly hear private conversations between doctors and patients, business and drug deals, and couples having sex. Apple did not disclose this in its privacy documentation and did not provide a way for its users to opt in or out.

In August 2019, Apple apologized, halted the Siri grading program, and said that it plans to resume "later this fall when software updates are released to [its] users". iOS 13.2, released in October 2019, introduced the ability to opt out of the grading program and to delete all the voice recordings that Apple has stored on its servers.

In May 2020, Thomas le Bonniec revealed himself as the whistleblower and sent a letter to European data protection regulators, calling on them to investigate Apple's "past and present" use of Siri recordings. He argued that, even though Apple has apologized, it has never faced the consequences for its years-long grading program.

The iOS version of Siri ships with a vulgar content filter; however, it is disabled by default and must be enabled by the user manually. Therefore, if Siri can be triggered into cursing, broadcasting discriminatory content, and so on, the actions will most likely be carried out. Over its history, multiple methods and techniques have been used to trigger Siri into swearing. The language-filter is not perfect and can still be bypassed.[citation needed ]

In 2018, Ars Technica reported a new glitch that could be exploited by a user requesting the definition of " mother" be read out loud. Siri would issue a response and ask the user if they would like to hear the next definition; when the user replies with "yes," Siri would mention "mother" as being short for "motherf-ker." This resulted in multiple YouTube videos featuring the responses and/or how to trigger them. Apple fixed the issue silently, although it is unconfirmed if the videos specifically brought it to their attention. The content is picked up from third-party sources such as the Oxford English Dictionary and not a supplied message from the corporation. It is unknown whether this glitch was exploited with the vulgar content filter enabled.

In The Big Bang Theory episode, " The Beta Test Initiation" the character Raj Koothrappali falls in love with Siri, and Siri's avatar was played by Becky O'Donohue.

In 2015 film Ant-Man, Siri was triggered during a fight between Scott Lang ( Ant-Man, played by Paul Rudd) and Daren Cross (Yellowjacket, played by Corey Stroll) to play the song "Plainsong" by the Cure after Cross shouts "I'm gonna disintegrate you!"

For a detailed article on the history of the organizations and technologies preceding the development of Siri, and their influence upon that application, see Bianca Bosker, 2013, "Siri Rising: The Inside Story Of Siri's Origins (And Why She Could Overshadow The iPhone)", in The Huffington Post (online), January 22, 2013 (updated January 24, 2013), accessed November 2, 2014.

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Siri ( SEER-ee ) is a virtual assistant that is part of Apple Inc.'s iOS, iPadOS, watchOS, macOS, tvOS, and audioOS operating systems. It uses voice queries, gesture based control, focus-tracking and a natural-language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Internet services.