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Module 4: Other Research Methods-Meta Analysis

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Simply put Meta-Analysis is the Analysis of previous Analyses. It is an Objective and Quantitative Method for synthesizing research that has been done before. This can be on a certain topic or question and conclusions can be drawn and completed. We are able to breakdown, analyze, graph, and interpret data that can help in research process (Borenstein et al., 2021).

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According to Suumond, Meta-Analysis was first developed as medical and psychological research tool for synthesizing empirical information about the outcomes of a treatment, meta-analysis is now increasingly used in the social sciences as a tool for hypothesis testing.

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Step-1 Systematic Literature Review

Step-2 Compile the Results of these studies in a format

Step-3 Converting all Statistics to Effect Size

Step-4 Meta-Analysis using Software when possible, provide more accurate and precise conclusions

Step-5 Reporting Results

(Borenstein et al., 2021)

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Concepts and Ideas of Research to better understand a Meta-Analysis.

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Concepts and Ideas of Research to better understand a Meta-Analysis.

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It will help to know and have an understanding of traditional,  qualitative, quantitative research methods. Having experience with the different type of research will help provide the foundation needed to use different analyses tools. A few are listed below.

Concept of P-Value

Power of Test

Understanding Central Tendency and Variations

Understand T-Test, NOVA, Correlation, and Partial Correlation

(Borenstein et al., 2021)

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A strength of Meta-Analysis is that is provides a summary of all previous research done a topic or question. This will make it easier to combine all the information that has been discovered.  This in turn will provide a cleared picture. A weakness of Meta-Analysis is that it may compare two different studies that are not comparable, example comparing apples to oranges. It can combine to studies of research that have nothing to do with each other and the results can provide information that can be inclusive to topic or question  (Borenstein et al., 2021).

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According to Glass educational Meta-Analysis research, there are many factors that vary from one teaching context to another make it difficult to design definitive experiments to determine if a given instructional approach affects a given student outcome. A meta-analysis combines a number of studies (usually conducted by a number of different researchers in a variety of educational contexts) to quantify the effect a given instructional approach has on a given outcome. By broadening the pool of data to include many different contexts (and increasing sample sizes) a better quantitative estimate can be made of how much a given instructional practice affects students.

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Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., T., H. J. P., & Rothstein, H. (2021). Introduction to meta-analysis. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Suurmond R, van Rhee, H, Hak T. (2017). Introduction, comparison and validation of Meta-Essentials: A free and simple tool for meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods. Vol. 8, Iss. 4, 537-553. doi.org/10.1002/jrsm.1260

Glass, G. V., McGaw, B., & Smith, M. L. Meta-analysis in Social Research. Sage: Beverly Hills, CA, 1981.