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The example I'm using is from Bleacher Report's Twitter page. Bleach Report is a sports social media page. The tweet I'm focusing on is the one that uses the laughing face emoji. This emoji is functions as an expressive form of language because the emoji conveys how the speaker finds it funny how a paper airplane flew onto the court during a basketball game. This emoji use relates to gradual change. The laughing face emoji has become less and less popular as the years have gone on. When the iPhone first came out 2007, this emoji was very popular. Gradually it has decreased in popularity as people have deemed it corny.

I chose this example because I'm one of those people who find the emoji corny, but now I find myself using it in an ironic way.

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The example I chose is from Cher's Twitter page. The tweet I'm referring to is the one that uses the exclamation mark emoji. This emoji functions as a directive form of language. It's directive because Cher is telling her followers to join the Global Climate Alliance, and the red, big exclamation mark emoji helps amplify her demand. This tweet and emoji relates to negative face because it's a threat to negative face. Cher and her emoji use is demanding someone to do something, which is a threat to the motivation to not be impeded in pursuing goals.

I chose this piece of evidence because I like seeing the types of people or organizations that use this emoji. Often activist social media accounts use this emoji when they're trying to spread their message.

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This example is from Cher's Twitter page. The part of the tweet I'm focusing on is where it says "I'm sick" followed by the teary eyed emoji. The teary eyed emoji is functioning as a form of referential language. This is because the emoji conveys that Cher is feeling sad because she is sick, and I would not have gotten that information without the emoji. This is also functions as expressive because we know she's feeling sad. This relates to communicative competence because as a reader of tweet I understand that is trying to explain that she is sad that she sick. I also understand that Cher is most likely not actually crying because she is sick. I also know that if Cher were to tell me in person that she was sick and was sad about it, she wouldn't try to replicate that emoji's face. This is all part of communicative competence.

I chose this example because this is one of my most used emojis and I enjoyed seeing how someone else used it, as I use this emoji in a sarcastic way.

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NYLON.COM ARTICLE

For the first article from nylon.com, I believe there is linguistic merit. The specific linguistic feature being analyzed is the word "like", and how women use the word more than men. Quantitative evidence is not used, rather the author recalls personal anecdotes where her use of "like" was criticized, and she recounts other moments where companies criticized women overusing "like." The author also sites studies a study where 2000 listeners perceived younger women using "like" more than anyone else. Therefore, with the sited study, personal experiences, and cultural references, I found the claim convincing.

The difference model identifies how women use the rapport style, which is using language to maintain social relationships. The article claims how women use "like" as a discourse marker or a hedge that can "partially detach themselves from the force of utterances that could be considered evaluative." This makes the speaker seem less judgmental, and then in turn helps them keep relationships. Overall, the article focuses on the rapport style in the difference model. This is sort of interesting because in changes from above, women use the incoming standard variant more than men. However, the increased use of "like" is not really standard. This goes back to how gender preferential differences are complex and more nuanced than the gender binary.

The article may be a little biased just because the author is a women, so she may have subconscious bias conveyed in her writing. The author has also been personally criticized for her use of "like", which could also fuel bias.

I chose this article because I've heard of criticisms of women saying "like" too much and I was interested to see if this was true, and if so, why.

USATODAY ARTICLE

In the USA Today article, the specific linguistic feature referenced is how women say "no" less than men. This claim is not backed by quantitative data or studies. However, they back the claim with the similar claims from academic experts, and creating common scenarios that women have faced and said "yes" in. I do find the claim convincing because it's something read about before.

The article demonstrates the dominance model. The dominance model attributes the difference in linguistics between men and women to their differential access to power. The article explains how women don't say "no" because they're "afraid of conflict. We're afraid of confrontation. We are afraid of being abandoned, rejected." Women afraid of conflict and confrontation because they feel that they don't have the dominance "win" in these circumstances. They feel that it's easier to simply say "yes", and avoid the effort and ultimate worsened outcome from saying "no."

I do not find this article to be biased because the author didn't include personal opinions, and the author supported her claims with logical reasoning.

I chose this article because I never really thought about women say "no" less than men, specifically because the women in my life (my mother and sisters) are very comfortable saying no. Though after reading about the perspective from the article, I have to agree.

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https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2021/04/20/why-its-so-hard-for-women-to-say-no/7302181002/

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If you're a woman, when was the last time you said "no" to a friend, your partner, a colleague or your kid?

When the school asked if you could volunteer on the committee, you said "yes" even though the thought of one more thing on your plate made you want to scream. When the boss asked if you could push up a deadline, you said "yes" even though you knew the request was unreasonable. When the masseuse asked if you liked the pressure, you said "yes" even though it felt like your body was breaking.

For many women, "no" is a foreign word on the tongue.

"Women have been socialized into understanding that what is most important is that they be perceived as likable and agreeable," said Caitlyn Collins, a professor of sociology at Washington University in St Louis who studies gender inequality at work and at home. "In dating, in marriage, in friendships, in their hobbies, in the way they parent their kids, the way they operate in the world of paid work - this idea that what it means to be a good woman is to subsume your own needs for the sake of others around you is a hallmark of femininity in the United States. And this, of course, has disastrous consequences for women."

Research shows:

"We don't ultimately say 'no,' because we're afraid," said Natalie Lue, author of the forthcoming book "The Joy of Saying No." "We're afraid of conflict. We're afraid of confrontation. We are afraid of being abandoned, rejected. We have to understand, as women we've been taught everybody else's approval matters more than what we think of ourselves."

Raised to say 'yes'

Experts in gender say women are socialized to serve and acquiesce. Lue said women are conditioned to believe that their existence is for the consumption of other people.

"We must give, not take, or we only earn the right to take, to receive, if we've given enough, and so we constantly feel inadequate because we are taught that it's our job ... to be good and to be appeasing," Lue said.

Collins said this is glaringly obvious in the home, where women frequently put their children and partners' needs above their own, often while also juggling careers.
Analysis: Why American moms are seriously struggling
"This absolutely sets them up for ... a great deal of failure," Collins said. "It's economically necessary for most moms to work outside the home for pay today, but our understanding about what it means to be a good mother means to dedicate all your time, energy, emotions, and money to the task of raising your children in this intensive way. It's, of course, categorically impossible to live up to these ideals."

When women do say, "no" there can be social consequences. A woman who is seen as more aggressive at work, which research shows makes a man seem more competent, will also appear less likeable, less like a team player. This can impact her career and her salary.

Afraid to say 'no'

It's important, experts say, to recognize not all women who fear saying "no," especially to men, are afraid for the same reason. Survivors of abuse, for example, learned to say "yes" as a way to stay safe.

"There is this sense that if we say no, particularly in certain situations, that we're going to come to harm," Lue said.

Laura Palumbo, communications director at the National Sexual Violence Resource Center, said always characterizing the reluctance to say "no" as "people pleasing" can obscure the reality that for many women the consequences of saying "no" are dire.

"For many of us, what may look like 'people pleasing' behavior in our daily life was at one point a strategy we learned to stay safe in some way," she said. "Even if saying 'no' may be a safe option for you in the present moment, many of us hold the memory of how this step has backfired or set-off others in the past."

Physical intimidation, power dynamics and the instinct to survive can make it difficult to say no even when you're being threatened with bodily harm.

"Just like our society can give license to people who abuse their power and position to commit sexual violence, victims can feel powerless to challenge someone," she said.

Thinking about 'no' as a right, not as a privilege

Opportunities for women have expanded in recent years, and for some women this had added pressure to say "yes" to all things, simply because now we are told so much more is possible: go to college, get the job, find the spouse, have the kids, buy the house.

Collins said women need to think about saying "no" as a right, rather than as a privilege. They must believe they can say no to various tasks and commitments as men do, and they must come to expect more of the men, friends, romantic partners. colleagues and employers in their lives.

Lue also said while there are indisputable social costs for saying "no," she also believes there's a disproportionate level of fear because not all women are taught how to set boundaries. Women are taught, she said, to have endless limits.

"We think that 'no' is a dirty word, and 'yes' is clean ... even though when we are saying 'yes,' much of the time we are saying it fearfully, we're saying it resentfully, we're saying it disingenuously," Lue said.
That feeling you can't name: Am I OK? How to do a mental health check It's called emotional exhaustion
Yes can be a lie, she said, when our mental health is suffering.

Notice where you say no, where you say yes, and how each makes you feel

Lue advises women to observe their behavior for a week. Your feelings when you're saying yes, she said, can offer major clues about where to set limits.

"The resentments, the anxiety, and frustration, the big three, are always the clues about where you can say no," she said.

If someone becomes upset when you say no, Lue said that likely indicates a problem with the dynamic of a given relationship, rather than with you.

"If you're saying yes because you're afraid ... that's the wrong reason to say yes. Say yes in an honest, authentic way, and you will feel better about yourself even if other people feel uncomfortable," she said. "When you are aware of who you are and what you need, you have a much clearer idea of what you need to say yes and no to, so you know where to orient yourself in terms of the people, and the situations, and the things that best support you in being you."

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The one word women need to be saying more often

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If you're a woman, when was the last time you said "no" to a friend, your partner, a colleague or your kid? When the school asked if you could volunteer on the committee, you said "yes" even though the thought of one more thing on your plate made you want to scream.

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https://www.nylon.com/women-saying-like-amanda-montell

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The following is an excerpt from Amanda Montell's forthcoming book, Wordslut: A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language.

In 2016, I was offered a promo code to test out a new app designed to help young people sound more authoritative. Employing voice-recognition, the product offered exercises challenging users to practice talking without "filler phrases" like you know and like, so they could appear more "articulate" in job interviews and presentations. I remember the app vividly because it launched just a day or two after a pair of media training coaches came to visit the office where I was working as an editor for a digital magazine; they were hired to evaluate the staff's on-camera presences since (in an age when reporters are required to double as "influencers") we were appearing in more videos online. The coaches, who were about my parents' age, conducted a few brief on-screen tests with us, after which they determined that while I scored high on "likeability," I could stand to work on the number of times I use the word like in unrehearsed conversation. "It's distracting, that's all," one of the coaches told me with a good-natured smile. "You're quite engaging otherwise."

Around this time in this mid-2010s, the internet at large was having a collective freak-out over "Valley Girl" speak. Journalists everywhere started cranking out think pieces analyzing characteristics commonly noticed and reviled in young women's speech. Like was a big one, and so was vocal fry, a sound quality where you compress your vocal cords to create a low-energy creaking sound at the ends of sentences. Using hyperbolic internet slang ("OMG, I AM LITERALLY DYING") was also much-critiqued, as was speaking with uptalk, where you end a declarative sentence with the upward intonation of a question.

Making poorly informed, pseudofeminist claims about how women talk suddenly became the trendy thing for brands and magazines to do. In 2014 hair care company Pantene released an advertisement encouraging women to stop saying "sorry" all the time. (Because now not only does your hair need a makeover, so does your speech!) A year later, the Guardian published an article titled, "Young women, give up the vocal fry and reclaim your strong female voice," and Mashable released, "5 steps for, like, literally cutting the word 'like' out of your life."

At the height of this media frenzy, I was a twenty-something female, the very target of these articles and commercials, and I had three concerns: 1) whether or not saying like in excess is really exclusive to young women 2) the purpose it serves, if so and 3) why everybody hates it so much.

When making fun of teenage girls, imitators go for these sorts of phrases: "I, like, went to the movies? And I was like, ' I want to see Superwoman?' But Brad was like, ' No way?' So we, like, left." A Canadian study from 2000 confirmed that most listeners do in fact perceive young women to use like more often than anyone else and that they associate the word with a lower level of education.

Fortunately, there are plenty of language experts who've taken like seriously enough to figure out what it actually is beyond this perception. One of these scholars is Carmen Fought, a linguist from Pitzer College, who says, "If women do something like uptalk or vocal fry, it's immediately interpreted as insecure, emotional, or even stupid." But the truth is much more interesting: Young women use like, vocal fry, and uptalk not as mindless affectations, but as power tools for establishing and strengthening relationships. Saying like "every other word" is in fact not a sign of ditziness, but instead has a unique history and specific social utility. And young women are not the only people who do it-although they do happen to do it most cleverly.

Despite the word's detractors, like is in fact one of the most versatile words in the English language. Alexandra D'Arcy, Canadian linguist at the University of Victoria, has dedicated much of her research to identifying and understanding the many functions of like. " Like is a little word that we really, really don't like at all-and we want to blame young girls, who we think are destroying the language," she explains. But the truth is that like has been a part of English for more than two hundred years. "We can hear speakers today in their seventies, eighties, and nineties around little villages in the United Kingdom, for example," D'Arcy says, "who use like in many of the same ways that young girls today are using it."

According to D'Arcy, there are six completely distinct forms of the word like. The two oldest types in English are the adjective like and the verb like. In the sentence, "I like your suit, it makes you look like James Bond," the first like is a verb and the second is an adjective. Today, these two likes sound exactly the same, so most people don't even notice that they're different words with separate histories. They're homonyms, just how the noun watch (meaning the timepiece on your wrist) and the verb watch (meaning what you do with your eyes when you turn on the TV) are homonyms. The Oxford English Dictionary says that the verb like comes from the Old English term lician, and the adjective comes from the Old English līch. The two converged at some point over the last eight hundred or so years, giving us lots of time to get used to them.

But four new likes developed much more recently than that-and D'Arcy says these are all separate words with distinct uses, as well. Only two of these likes are used more frequently by women, and only one of them is thought to have been masterminded by "Valley girls," aka young Southern California females in the 1990s (the era of Clueless and Fast Times at Ridgemont High). That one would be the quotative like, which you hear in, "I was like, ' I want to see Superwoman.'" As lampooned as it is, pragmatically speaking, this like is one of my favorites because it allows you to tell a story, to relay something that happened, without having to quote the interaction verbatim. For example, in the sentence "My boss was like, 'I need those papers by Monday,' and I was like, 'Are you fucking kidding me?'" you're not repeating what you truly said but instead using like to convey what you wanted to say or how you felt in the interaction. Thanks, Valley girls. This very useful quotative like continues to explode in common usage.

The other like that women tend to use more frequently is categorized as a discourse marker and can be found in contexts such as, "Like, this suit isn't even new." A discourse marker-sometimes called a hedge, or a filler word-is a type of phrase that can help a person connect, organize, or express a certain attitude with their speech. Other discourse markers include just, you know, and actually. As for why young women use the discourse marker like more, scholars have a theory: Studies on adolescent speech indicate that people hedge with like in order to "partially detach themselves from the force of utterances that could be considered evaluative, either positively evaluative of self or negatively evaluative of others." Jennifer Coates, a linguist at Roehampton University, postulates that men might use this type of like less overall due to their choices of conversational subject. "Unlike female speakers, male speakers on the whole avoid sensitive topics," she says. By and large, men do not self-disclose or talk about personal matters as liberally. Thus, the need for this particular hedge does not apply.

There are two last forms of like: one is an adverb, which is used to approximate something, as in the sentence, "I bought this suit like five years ago." As of the 1970s this like has largely replaced the approximate adverb about in casual conversation, and it has always been used equally among men and women (so it isn't hated as much). And last, there's the discourse particle like, which we hear in, "I think this suit is like my favorite possession." This like is similar to the discourse marker, except that it's not used in quite the same way syntactically or semantically; plus, dudes use it just as much as women do (D'Arcy doesn't know quite why that is), though they're almost never ridiculed for it.

Objectively, we can see that using one, two, or all of these different likes in the same sentence isn't inherently bad. As a matter of fact, some studies have demonstrated that speech lacking in likes and you knows can sound too careful, robotic, or unfriendly. Ironically, the number of likes I used in that media training evaluation at work is likely what contributed to my perceived "likeability."

So next time someone accuses you of saying like too much, feel free to ask them, "Oh really? Which kind?" Because D'Arcy says that ordinary speakers tend to buy into the Valley girl stereotype so hardcore, blaming young women for all of these likes, simply because they don't notice the differences among them.

Wordslut: A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language is available for purchase on May 28.
NYLON uses affiliate links and may earn a commission if you purchase something through those links, but every product chosen is selected independently. Want more stories like this? Sign up for our newsletter.

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Sorry, Haters: Using "Like" Is A Sign Of Social Intelligence

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The following is an excerpt from Amanda Montell's forthcoming book, Wordslut: A Feminist Guide to Taking Back the English Language. In 2016, I was offered a promo code to test out a new app designed to help young people sound more authoritative.

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As of now, I have 96 tokens. The problem I've encountered is certain locations genuinely don't have a lot of customers at certain time. To address this problem and make sure I have all my tokens by Monday, I'm going to choose more rush hour times, so that way there will be plenty of customers

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The topic I chose to conduct my research around is ordering. As of the time I'm writing this, I have 23 tokens.

I've been collecting data at two specific locations: the Starbucks across from the Stern building and Spring Cafe Aspen. I chose these two locations be they have differing age demographics. The Starbucks predominately serves young, college students while the cafe is predominately older adults.

I've been recording two independent variables: age and sex.

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My example of a linguistic variant that holds covert prestige comes from a company that we all know. The popular chip brand, Lay's, has slogan that says, "Betcha can't eat just one." The variant "betcha" comes from the combination of the words "bet" and "you".

There is a positive attribute associated with use of the non-standard variant, "betcha", causing it to have covert prestige. The informal nature of "betcha" conveys a sense a comfortableness from the speaker that is viewed in a positive light. For example, when I'm with my friends from home, I'm more comfortable, so I therefore use more slang because I know won't be judged. My slang is reflecting my comfortableness and friendliness, which is a positive thing. The use of "betcha" is doing the same thing. However, there is a negative aspect, due to its non-standard nature, that causes it to be stigmatized. Because standard language is viewed as language that is transmitted in school and used by powerful people in society, the use of non-standard language like "betcha" has connotations with lack of education and lack of power in society.

Lay's is trying to communicate a sense of friendship and build a rapport with the customer. In class we talked about the community of practice and one aspect of that is "mutual engagement in a jointly negotiated enterprise." Lay's is attempting to create the semblance of them being part of the customer's community of practice, so the customer will potentially feel that mutual engagement and be more inclined to purchase Lay's products. In opinion, I do believe it works to a certain extent. The use of "betcha" in their slogan makes me for more at ease and less tense due to formalities. It then creates this slight connection between me and them. However, I don't feel this strong urge to buy from them because we have this "connection", which is why I say using "betcha" works to an extent.

I chose this example because I thought it would be interesting to explore a company using covert prestige and their reason for doing so.

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I've visited Chinatown a few times with my grandfather as a kid, and the restaurant/store signs were always something that stood out to me; they often never included english. One of my examples demonstrates this. It's a sign from Chinatown that includes either strictly Mandarin or Cantonese(I can't tell), and zero english. While I've never seen this specific sign, I've seen countless others like it. I chose this example because it includes no english lettering, and because of my childhood connection with it.

The Chinatown example mainly targets people who are native to China because those are the people in the area. There are many Chinese natives there because of the phenomenon we discussed in class: social isolation. In the mid 1800s the American public was hostile to Chinese immigrants, so the immigrants built self-reliant communities to succeed in American society. This caused the formation of Chinatown and eliminated the need to satisfy english speakers. This is similar to segregation where, because of Jim Crow Laws, African Americans formed their own dialect. The example isn't targeting native Americans because if it was, it would include an english translation. I believe the advertiser chose the language they did because they wanted to present themselves as authentic as possible. Their customers, since they're Chinese natives, are going to want genuine Chinese cuisine that reminds them of home. It's possible that including english lettering on the sign may indicate to customers that the food has American influences and is not a true Chinese dish.

There seems to be a common approach when naming a restaurant that sells food that isn't native to the physical location of the restaurant. Oftentimes, a storefront uses an english word or phrase and then a basic spanish word. I chose the Bar Verde example because they do just this. Many english speakers know spanish colors because of their grammar school education, therefore they know that verde means greens. Then, of course, "bar" is english word that all Americans and english speakers know.

This restaurant is targeting spanish speakers, specifically Mexicans, and Americans. The storeowner chose this as their restaurant's name for two reasons. One, they want to increase their customer base. By including spanish and english they appeal to both speakers. The second reason is because, like the Chinatown example, the restaurant seems more authentically Mexican because they use a spanish in their name.

The Bar Verde example relates to class and how we discussed how language develops regional differentiation. In the example, there is no physical isolation, linguistic isolation, or social isolation (like Chinatown). Therefore, there is no regional differentiation in this specific area of NYC (2nd Avenue). There is then no need for the storeowner to cater the language to a specific community of speakers.

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https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dreamstime.com%2Fphotos-images%2Fchinese-ads.html&psig=AOvVaw1wtHECpkfA4HJm0QcFPgpi&ust=1664408102561000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAkQjRxqFwoTCPCbmeKRtvoCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAJ

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For my entry I chose to look at a grammatical linguistic variable, specifically the use of "gonna" or "going".

The older, more educated, and formal demographic tend to use "going." In fact, I haven't heard a full grown adult say "gonna" instead of "going".  This demographic tends to use "going" because it is technically the correct way to say the word. In addition, this demographic tends to stray away from the use of slang, and it can be argued that "gonna" is slang. They usually stray away of slang because they don't want to perceived as uneducated. On the contrary, the younger, less educated demographic oftentimes uses "gonna." They choose this variant because they don't think either choice is a big deal, and does not reflect on how educated one is. Also, saying "gonna" allows you to say "gonna go to.." instead of "going to go to" which is longer. As we know, the younger generation is all about making things easier, more convenient, and quicker. Therefore, they prefer "gonna."

I believe in established formal settings, "going" should be used. For example, it is probably best if someone says "going" in an interview, rather than "gonna." This is also applies to settings like when meeting workplace superiors and any professional environment. I then believe "gonna" can be used in informal settings like talking to friends, family, and meeting new people even.

I actually tend to use both variants. When I speak with people in my social network and community of practice, I use "gonna." This is because I'm most comfortable with them and I know I won't be judged for that word choice. I'm also usually in informal conversations with them. However, when I'm speaking with say new people from my speech community, I'll use "going." This is because I like to be a little bit more formal, since I spend less time with them and they don't know me as well.

In the TikTok example I provided, a woman is quoting what her boyfriend says when he's going to play videos(the background music and dancing is irrelevant). Her boyfriend using "gonna" makes sense because playing video games is an informal event and he's speaking with someone who is close in his community of practice(his girlfriend). I chose this piece of data because it comes from a social media site that the younger generation uses, and this helps prove that the younger generation uses "gonna."

In my other example, Steph Curry is quoted saying "I'm going to play" when answering the question about his attendance in Game 4 of the playoffs, after he was out due to injury. Steph curry uses "going" for multiple reason: he is part of the older generation, his in a formal setting (media interview), he is speaking with people from the speech community (not people he knows well), and finally because he wants to follow standard speech norms since he's talking to the media. I chose this piece of data because it substantiates my claims about the older demographic saying "going" and also "going" being appropriate in formal setting.

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https://nba.nbcsports.com/2022/06/09/warriors-star-stephen-curry-on-game-4-im-going-to-play/

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BOSTON - Stephen Curry quickly ended all doubt on his availability for Game 4 of the NBA Finals.

"I'm going to play," Curry said in response to the first question at his press conference today.

But the question was actually about Curry's ability to play without being limited by a foot injury suffered in Game 3. On that, the Warriors star was mum.

Curry has played like a Finals MVP - if Golden State wins. He has led all three games of the NBA Finals in scoring, averaging 31 points per game. No other Warrior is averaging more than 17 points per game.

Klay Thompson succinctly summarized the stakes:

"We need him if we want to win this thing."

Golden State still trails the Celtics 2-1 in the series. Curry's exact health remains uncertain. He said he didn't know whether he'd play a regular-season game with this injury, saying it'd depend on the point of the season.

But Curry will take the floor tomorrow night, which is a start for the Warriors.

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Warriors star Stephen Curry on Game 4: 'I'm going to play'

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BOSTON - Stephen Curry quickly ended all doubt on his availability for Game 4 of the NBA Finals. "I'm going to play," Curry said in response to the first question at his press conference today. But the question was actually about Curry's ability to play without being limited by a foot injury suffered in Game 3.

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In this entry I'm focusing on the prescriptively incorrect use of "good" and "well".  I chose this language peeve because it is one my grandfather constantly corrects me for, and I've now subsequently switched to his ways. When people are asked, "How are you?" they often respond by saying, "I'm doing good." By saying this, they are technically saying that they are doing acts of good, rather than are feeling good which they would technically express by saying, "I'm doing well."

While both forms are grammatically correct, people generally are trying to express that they feel good when asked this question, so using "well" is the deemed the correct way by a group of people. This group of people don't  dislike the use of "good" when one is asked how they are, they simply believe it's incorrect. I think their disapproval is justified because they are technically correct, however I don't think it's justified to correct someone in conversation. A simple introductory "How are you?" is supposed to be an informal, ice-breaking question that will begin a conversation. Why critique the other person's use of language before you are settled in conversation? I just don't see the point, and I think it can damage the level of comfort between two people talking. I think using "good" is completely fine and I wouldn't deem someone less educated for saying that.

The group of people who disapprove using "good" tend to come from an older demographic that value education. For instance, the person on Quora writing on this topic is a science and engineering writer, so they obviously value education. The Quora user doesn't dislike the use of "good" when one is asked how they are, they, like my grandfather, believe it's blatantly incorrect. He writes, "I am doing well. This is the most likely correct usage; and it is usually the meaning intended when one ungrammatically says 'I'm doing good.'"This sentiment was also found true on Strategies For Parents website and Grammarly's website. The user on Strategies For Parents says, "In summary, when the sentence involves health or your state of being, you use the word 'well' and not 'good.'" This user is a doctor and career educator, and therefore belongs to the community that values education. The belief of using "well" stems from the value of standard language. In all the pieces of data I collected, the writer/user has a value for education and this is where standard language is transmitted. In addition, I believe these sources views on non-standard language and the use of "good" originates from  classism. This group of people seem to come from the middle to higher class as they are able to pursue higher education. They then make effort to correct others mistakes and while it is with good intentions, it does stem from classism.

I specifically chose these pieces of data because they come from academic centric sources or are written by academics themselves.  This then supports the standard language viewpoint I chose.

While there are people online advocating for the use of "well", I only know one person personally who advocates for its use, and that is my grandfather. At this point he corrects me because it's now a running joke in our family. However, at first he did it because he wanted me to be able present myself as educated.

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https://strategiesforparents.com/doing-well-or-doing-good-can-both-be-correct/

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The words "good" and "well" have similar meanings, and many frequently confuse them in casual conversation. A case in point would be the related phrases "doing good" and "doing well." So what is the difference between doing well and doing good?

Both "doing good" and "doing well" are correct in the proper context. "Doing good" is correct when referring to "good deeds" but not when referring to your state of being. In that case, only "doing well" would be correct. We typically use "well" as an adverb and "good" as an adjective or noun.

If you want to use "well" and "good" correctly, please read on as we outline their proper usage, as well as the interesting exceptions to the rules.

Doing Good vs. Doing Well

Using "well" and "good" correctly as an adverb and adjective respectively is, to a certain extent, easy if you grasp the basics.

Before we look at all the different uses of "good" and "well," let's start with the basic question: when are you "doing good" and when are you "doing well?"

Doing Well or Good as a State of Being

The area where many tend to have difficulty is when deciding whether to use "well" or "good" to refer to their state of being.

When we describe how we feel or how we're doing, the only correct answer is "I'm doing well" because "doing" is a verb, and only adverbs can describe verbs.

But, interestingly, if somebody asks you without using the verb "doing" how you are, your answer can either be "I'm good" or "I'm well." The answer "I'm well" indicates that you are healthy and feeling well.

"I'm good" is also correct due to certain rules governing the verb "to be," of which "am" is a form.

The verb "am," as a linking verb, connects the second part of the sentence ("good") back to the subject "I" in the first part of the sentence. In that case, the adjective "good" describes the subject "I."

We would not use an adverb here. For example, we say "I'm sleepy" and not "I'm sleepily." It works because "good" modifies the subject "I" and not the verb "am." Therefore, "I'm good" is a proper response as long as you don't use the verb "doing" ( source).

"I'm well" also works because "well" can also function as an adjective, whereas "good" never functions as an adverb.

In summary, when the sentence involves health or your state of being, you use the word "well" and not "good." You could say, "I'm well after having the Corona-virus for six weeks."

In this sentence, you use "well" as an adjective, describing your health condition.

Doing Some Good

When you are referring to doing "good deeds," like building houses for the homeless, it is correct to say that you're "doing good."

When we say "good deeds," we're still using "good" as an adjective. When we state that we're "doing good," where "good" represents a good thing, we're using "good" as a noun.

As another example, if your business is having a hard time coping with the Covid-19 restrictions and you've hired an expert to change the business to a virtual set-up, you hope the changes will do your business some good.

Here, "good" refers to the actual benefit of the changes you are making or the end-product.

On the other hand, if someone asks you how the previously mentioned construction project is coming along, you will answer that it is doing well, going well, or coming along well - "well" describes the building-action.

Should another person ask how the business change is going, the answer would be that it is going well - "well" describes the process of change.

Basic Definitions and Rules

Before we look at any exceptions, we'll first examine the basic definitions and rules for the two words. When you study their origins, you'll find that, in principle, English has long used them to describe desirable quality.

Good

Good has the same roots as the Dutch word " goed," the Old High German word " guot," and the German " gut," which all translate as fit, adequate, and belonging together ( source).

The Bible also uses "good," and it is the most common English translation for the Hebrew word " tobh" in the Old Testament, meaning to possess desirable qualities ( source).

Good's most common function in English is as an adjective that we use to describe or modify a noun. The word comes from Old English god, meaning considerable, desirable, and valuable, and full. Originally, it probably meant having a right or desirable quality.

When you tell someone that you've had a good time this morning, the word "good" describes the quality of the noun "time."

While the adjective is before the noun it describes in the previous example, you can also use an adjective after the noun, as in "the dinner (noun) we had yesterday was good" ( source).

A third position for the adjective is after a linking verb, like our previous example using "I'm good." For instance, it is correct to say, "The photos look good." In this case, "good" gives more information regarding the noun "photos."

Further examples where we use 'good' as an adjective include the following:

It was a good breakfast.

John comes from a good family.

We have good friends.

I need a good deal.

This boat is as good as new.

Well

We can use "well" as an adverb or adjective, and in Old English, the Anglo-Saxons used the adjective form in the sense of "in good fortune" or "happy," more like we use "wealthy" today.

The word relates to the Old Saxon " wela," old Norse " vel," and Dutch " wel," meaning "abundantly." The Bible also uses "well" to translate the Hebrew " shalom" as in "well-being," "well," and "in good health" ( source).

The Old Testament frequently uses it to describe verbs like "create" and "care" and, thus, has an adverbial function. It refers to the way God cares about the well-being of people and how people should care for each other ( source).

From the 1550s, English has used the word "well" when meaning someone is in good health and not ailing.

As an adverb, "well" modifies verbs. Adverbs typically express manner, place, degree, level of certainty, etc. They answer questions, such as when, how, where, and to what extent?

It is correct to say that someone has done well on a test. In that case, "well" describes how they did on the test - it describes the verb "has done."

Similarly, to describe your skill level when playing tennis, you would use an adverb to tell more about the verb "play." Therefore, you would say, "I play tennis well."

A few more examples where you generally will not use "good" but only "well" are as follows:

He behaved himself well.

She married well.

The plan worked well.

He speaks Spanish well.

With all that money, he lives well.

Although their functions as parts of speech often differ, these two words share many common synonyms, like excellent, acceptable, satisfying, and great ( source).

You can use any of these words to describe desirable qualities, indicating the quality of either the outcome itself or the process to reach that outcome.

As an example, you can use "excellent" in the place of "good" or "well" as adjectives, or you can use "excellently" in the place of "well" as an adverb. Consider the following sentences:

The assignment they handed in was very good.

The assignment they handed in was excellent.

They performed their task very well

They performed their task excellently.

How and When to Use Well or Good

Context is important when deciding when and how to use these two words, and there is some overlap when we use them as adjectives. In general, "well" has more flexibility than "good."

While we can use either "good" or "well' to describe the quality of a thing or an action, we can also use "well" in very distinct ways.

Describing Items or Actions of Quality

When you describe something someone has done to a high standard, you say they did "well."

In the sentence "Your essay on this problem presents the pros and cons very well," the adverb "well" describes the writing process of the essay, modifying the verb "presents."

To describe the standard the essay itself met, you can use the adjective "good." In this manner, you're describing the end product and tell the essay writer that his essay, with all the pros and cons, is very good.

Returning to a previous example, if someone has achieved a high degree of skill in tennis, you can tell him that he plays (verb) tennis well enough to earn consideration for the club team.

Another way to put this is to tell him that his tennis skills (noun) are good and, therefore, worthy of consideration for the club team.

Whether you phrase the sentence to describe an action or a thing, both sentences convey the message that he has reached a high degree of skill.

Although she's young, she is a good singer.

She is a well-beloved singer.

Although she's young, she sings well.

John and Susan are good students.

Since they have read the well-known book on study methods, they are getting better results.

John and Susan study well.

The counselor is a good listener.

Our well-respected counselor is a good leader.

The counselor listens well.

He did a good job.

It was a well-executed job.

He did the job well.

We have good neighbors.

My neighbor's well-behaved dog never barks during the night.

We don't know our neighbors well.

Comparative and Superlative Forms

Both "good" and "well" change to the same comparative and superlative forms, namely, "better" and "best." Both best and better can function as adjectives or adverbs.

It is therefore correct to say that we will publish the better book, as "better" is the comparative form of good. As "best" is the superlative form of "well," it is also correct to say, "While all the other players did well, Pete did the best."

Using Well to Emphasize Prepositions or Adjectives

We can use "well" to emphasize a preposition or adjective, which you generally cannot do with "good" ( source).

For example, you can warn someone to keep "well away from" the turning watermill, where "away from" is the preposition. You can also use the adverb when you inform your child's teacher that you are "well aware" of your daughter's homework problems.

Well as an Interjection

You can also use "well" as an interjection to indicate that you are about to say something, like, "Well, go get your swimming wear."

You can also use "well" to indicate an abrupt change in topic, a pause, or to refer back to something you discussed earlier.

For example, you might be in the middle of a conversation, and then you stop to thank someone else for running an errand for you. When you return to your previous conversation, you might say, "Well, where were we?"

We generally only use "well" as an interjection in conversational English as it's too informal for academic and professional writing ( source).

Now that you know when to use "good" and "well," you most probably have questions about other words and phrases, like whether it is correct to say "thank you both," which you can read more about here. This article was written for strategiesforparents.com.

Remember, whenever you are in doubt about the correct use of a word, you can use The Oxford New Essential Dictionary or Dreyer's English as excellent sources. You can purchase both of them on Amazon.

Final Thoughts

The most important thing to remember is that "well" is usually an adverb describing how something or someone looks, feels, or does things, and "good" is an adjective describing good deeds or a noun representing a benefit - the end result of something.

If you can keep the fundamental difference in mind, you are certainly doing well with your mastery of the English language. If you are an English-language learner, this will even give you an edge over many native speakers.

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Doing Well or Doing Good: Can Both Be Correct?

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The words "good" and "well" have similar meanings, and many frequently confuse them in casual conversation. A case in point would be the related phrases "doing good" and "doing well." So what is the difference between doing well and doing good? Both "doing good" and "doing well" are correct in the proper context.

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https://www.grammarly.com/blog/good-well/#:~:text=All%20you%20need%20to%20remember,your%20day%20is%20going%20well.

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A common English error is to misuse the words good and well. The rule of thumb is that good is an…

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https://www.tiktok.com/@imdlq127/video/7030556551781928198?is_from_webapp=v1&item_id=7030556551781928198

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Alr bet keep that same energy once I’m playing with my boys too 🤷‍♀️ #cod #gamergirl #fyp

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@imdlq127
Alr bet keep that same energy once I’m playing with my boys too 🤷‍♀️ #cod #gamergirl #fyp
♬ original sound - Alizé

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https://www.quora.com/Which-is-correct-I-am-doing-good-or-I-am-doing-well

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Which is correct, “I am doing good” or “I am doing well”?

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Answer (1 of 64): Both are correct, but with different meanings. * “I am doing good” — I’m doing things that help others * “I am doing well” — I’m succeeding at something (e.g. work or classes), or I’m making a respectable amount of money
There’s a well-known description of someone who succeed...