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PREHISTORY  (2.5 million years ago to around 600 B.C.)

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PREHISTORY  (2.5 million years ago to around 600 B.C.)

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The first human beings were nomads. Human developed agriculture and animal farming that promoted the production of tools for their care resulting in the appearance of the first definitive human settlements. The power and control of fire and the division of tasks

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The discovery of fire, or, more precisely, the controlled use of fire, was one of mankind's first great innovations. Fire allows us to produce light and heat, to cook plants and animals, to clear forests for planting, to heat-treat stone for making stone tools, to keep predator animals away, and to burn clay for ceramic objects.

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He give his students ways to predict the positopn of the stars also made important contribution to the mathematics

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Was the first phylosopher to formulate a different system, and follow the gerocentric theory

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Contributed with the first classification of living thing. The interest in marine animals and his abilities led him to discover that whales and dolphins are mammals. He proposed different laws of reasoning and discovered generalization could be invaluable. He also formulated the geocentric theory and added a celestial ether to the four elements.

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He proposed the existence of an original component, a material so indivisible and infinitely small, that it is imperceptible to us. Democritus called It "atom" meaning, indivisible

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The inductive and deductive thought, convince himself that nothing can originate from nothing and that what exists can not disappear. He deduced that reality is one and that its changes are transformations of the same substance. He returned to the four material principles proposed by his predecessors

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Considered the pioneer in searching rational explanations of reality and the first philosopher of the physis. He decided that achré, principle of all things, is water.

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ANTIQUITY  (between about 4,500 BCE and about 450 ACE)

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ANTIQUITY  (between about 4,500 BCE and about 450 ACE)

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The old villages were transformed into big cities with architectural constructions, improvements in agriculture, and aqueducts, through which the maritime and terrestrial transport improved a lot. Cities began to exchange products with each other, as well as knowledge, techniques, and technology.

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MIDDLE AGE (between 476 ACE and the 14th century)

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MIDDLE AGE (between 476 ACE and the 14th century)

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Christianity spread throughout Europe. Asians developed the printing press, the windmill, the astrolabe, the compass for navigation. The Chinese were the first to use natural resources such as gas and oil. They also created paper money, spinning wheel, among others.

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RENAISSENCE (from A.D. 1400 to A.D. 1600)

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RENAISSENCE (from A.D. 1400 to A.D. 1600)

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The scientific-technological development that produced great economy and the new forms of work permitted advances in other science fields. The ideas of Copernicus were used as an emblem of all scientific progress that detracted from the Church. In Europe, the emergence of a new social class: the bourgeoisie.

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With it, culture and information became popular and reached the whole world. It was invented by Johannes Gutenberg.

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He develop a heliocentric model, retaking the proposal of the theory described by Aristarchus. This discovery led to the scientific revolution, known as the Copernican Revolution.

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The steam engine laid the foundations in Europe for the first Industrial Revolution . It was possible to perform tasks without human or animal work. Manual and craft works were replaced by industry and manufacturing.

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Pioneer of the experimental scientific method and the first to use a reflecting telescope, which allowed him to make critical astronomy discoveries. He also contributed with the laws of accelerated motion and the laws of pendulum.

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Was the person who discovvered and popularized the
scientific method all this by gathering and analyzing data from experiments.

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Is the type of knowledge that has as a foundation the reason and human thought.
Thinkers: said that everything that helps the rationality of the subject is the foundation of any knowledge. He believed in order to obtain real knowledge it’s necessary to establish a rational method based on doubt. This method must follow rules:
1-Rule of evidence
2-Analysis rule
3-Rule of synthesis
4- Rule of enumeration
Blaise pascal(1623-1662)
He dedicated to the study of mathematics.
He favored the reason over the experience, but also gave importance to the “reasons of the heart”

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He is knowed as the father of Chemistry. He was the firstscientist to have a laboratory and to do experimentation

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He exposes the theory of force at a distance or universal gravitation, is called mechanism. In its majestic equation, the entire physical Universe is unified: the attraction between two bodies, whatever they are, is proportional to their masses as well as inversely proportional to the square of their distance.

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Leeuwenhoek, he discovered red blood cells through his homemade microscopes that he built

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has as source of knowledge experience
John Locke (1632-1704)
Said that reason by itself was empty and any idea must come from experience to be reliable.
He affirmed our knowledge it’s the result of our experiences.
George Berkeley (1658-1753)
Denied the existence of anything that did not come from an experience.
David Hume (1711-1776)
He showed the reason is not enough to know, and that the experience we have in the world is limited.
He stated that no knowledge can be entirely reliable.
Isaac Newton (1643-1727)
Based his research on empirical experimentation to obtain universal laws.
Physical laws.

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He divided the knowledge into priori and empirical, also he belived in free and the innate moral conciousness

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Scotsman James Watt's steam engine was invented in 1765 and patented in 1769. Watt's engines were built in 1774 by a company owned by the inventor in partnership with English businessman Matthew Boulton.

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Edward Jenner was the first to use science to prevent a disease, rather than cure it.

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It was invented by Thomas Alva Edisson to be published commercially. It transforms electrical energy into light.

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Tells us that reality is mental and material and that knowledge is obtained through reason and experience when analyzing the changes that occur in the social and natural world

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The Antibiotics (1877). It is one of the most relevant scientific inventions in history. They were discovered in by Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch.

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On December 21, 1898, Marie and Pierre Curie discovered a new element, radium, a milestone in the history of chemistry and physics. Shortly before, the physicist couple had already discovered polonium, which owes its name to Marie's native country, Poland.

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Taylorism inspired the new organization of work, it consisted of the specialization of labor. The Industrial Revolution brought with it a new system of production, capitalism. The first trade union movements appeared to defend the rights of the working class.

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It was discovered accidentally in 1928, although antibiotics were not widely distributed until after World War II, when they became the silver bullet for a large number of previously deadly diseases.

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Birth of the Internet. since it was then that ARPAnet (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) was created, a computer network that allowed various North American universities to connect.

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During this period, there is an improvement in business managment health, education, and social services i'm nations, accompanied by scientific and technological progress.