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We see the rise of Impressionism in France specifically, when Claude Monet who was a classist artist inspires a new art style through impression sunrise in 1873. This sparks the movement towards modern art. Through Impressionism artist began to focus on ordinary day life and objects and how perceive they perceive them using fine brush strokes which are not blended but quite visible. We also see the importance of light throughout these paintings.

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Paul Gauguin, Self Portrait with Portrait of Emile Bernard 1888. n.d. Https://Www.vangoghmuseum.nl/En/Collection/s0224V1962. 

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After Impressionism we see the development into post Impressionism. One of the more prominent post impressionist artist was Paul Gauguin who was known for his self portraits and for his depictions of the Tahitian livelihood from his travels.  In this self portrait with portraite of Emile  was completed in 1888.

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Henri De Toulouse Lautrec, Jane Avril 1893. n.d. Https://Www.metmuseum.org/Art/Collection/Search/333993. 

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Another prominent artist known during this era was Henri de Toulouse Lautrec. He was known for his graphic designs in posters such as this one promoting Jane Avril’s cabaret show. This poster named Jane Avril was completed in 1893 and we see the rise of graphic design and advertisement as art through his works.

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Using influences of color and boldness from post Impressionism we see the emergence of fauvism especially through Henri Matisse who is known as the father of fauvism. The photo above depicts Le Bonheur de Vivre done by Matisse in 1906. Fauvism is the new style of art at the start of the 20th century.

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The goal for symbolist artist was to create a piece that represented a meaning beyond what was depicted. It became a response to realism rather than depicting what was in front of them they used color and for to represent their emotions or ideas.

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Fauvism seems to be the precursor for cubism art continues to stray from realism but in cubism it seems as though colors are returning to more natural and muted tones and colors. One of the first paintings in this new cubism style was created by Pablo Picasso during 1906 is known as Les Demoiselles d’Avignon. Heavily influenced by African art specifically there masks this painting depicts five naked women which are geometrically unrealistic.

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Constantin Brancusi, Portrait of a Sleeping Muse 1910. n.d. Https://Www.metmuseum.org/Art/Collection/Search/488458. 

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Although we have mostly focused on paintings we also see sculpture works these artist produce. Constantin Brancusi was a Romanian Sculptor who is well known as the “father of modern sculpture.” Although he ties in influences from classical and helenistic art he develops his own simple yet modern sculptors such as Portrait of a Sleeping Muse which is cast in bronze.

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Gia Como Balla, Street Light 1909-1911. n.d. Https://Www.moma.org/Collection/Works/78382. 

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During 1909 in Italy we see the rise of a new style which is heavily influenced by the geometry in cubism. This style was heavily influenced by movement, speed, and the passage of time. Around this time the talk of war begins to rise and this inspiration of what the future held for everyone was what these artist intended to capture through their art. Depicted in this photo is Bella Street Lamp completed in 1909 by Giaccomo Balla is heavy influenced by the movement in Impressionism.

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Frank Marc, Blue Horse with Rainbow 1913. n.d. Https://Www.moma.org/Collection/Works/32978. 

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German Expressionism was heavily motivated by depicting the artists emotions and feelings rather than depicting the world around them. We typically see bold colors along exaggerated brush strokes through out these works.

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During the First World War we see the rise of suprematism. Suprematism was defined as non objective are, it didn’t depict any form of memories or time but was the representation of abstract messages from the world around us. Depicted above is the Red Rectangles painted by Kazimir Malevich who we just saw in the last post. During this time Russia was going through the Marxist revolution during this time a majority of the population would have been considered peasants and we see this discourse between the people and the art that was being made during this time since people really didn’t grasp the abstractness of it.

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Kazimir Malevich, Lady at the Poster Column 1915 . n.d. Https://Arthive.com/Kazimirmalevich/Works/305080~Lady_at_the_poster_column. 

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During the 1914, which was also the start of World War I, we see this continuous progression of geometrical forms through art. Especially through collage we see artist put together a type of nonsense realism. Using different mediums and paper put together in a nonsensical order to create these master collages. One of them being in Lady Before an Advertisement Column done by Kazimir Malevich who seems to be heavily inspired by futurism and cubism.

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Alexander Rodchenko, Books (Please)! In All Branches of Knowledge 1924. n.d. Https://Collection.fryemuseum.org/Objects-1/Info?Query=Portfolios. 

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Also known as materialism or productivism, Constructivism continued the use of geometric art through its works but was used to promote the socialist goal of a utopian society. One of the more prominent constructivism artist was Rodchenko. He was a sculptor, photographer, and graphic designer. Who was known for his advertisements which where geometrically pleasing but color was typically held back or limited in his pieces due to the price of printing multiple colors. Depicted above is one of his poster advertisement books named Please in All Branches of Knowledge completed in 1925.

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Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie Woogie 1943. n.d. Https://Www.moma.org/Collection/Works/78682. 

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Continuing through abstraction and geometrical art we see the style of neoplasticism. Although seeming to be influenced by cubism they criticized the style. Most of the credit to this style is given to Piet Mondrian a Dutch artist who was inspired by New York which we can clearly see in one of his last painting which was Broadway Boogie Woogie painted in 1943 shortly before he passed.

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Jean Arp, Collage with Squares Arranged 1916. n.d. Https://Www.moma.org/Collection/Works/37013. 

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Dada was a group of artist that used their art to berate the war. They wanted to be known more as a movement rather than artist. They believed nothing in life was valid and that everything was just irony. The first Dada manifestation was started in Switzerland by a few artist. Depicted above is Jean Arps Collage with squares completed in 1917 depicted the embracement of the unfathomable and the law of chance.

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Max Ernst, The Elephant Celebes 1921. n.d. Https://Www.maxernst.org/Elephant-Celebes/. 

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We see the continuation of Dada since it was a massive movement with artist spread all over the world. In London we see Max Ernst produce The Elephant Celebes which gave this monstrous image a sense of reality which in a sense strays from the Dada manifesto and vision. This seems to be the slow start leading into surrealism.

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Marcel Duchamp, The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors 1915-1923. n.d. Https://Philamuseum.org/Collection/Object/54149. 

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Now we see dada continuing their manifesto and depicting destruction and irony through their art. In Paris Marcel Duchamp creates The Bride Stripped Bare by Her Bachelors which is an industrial and technological representation of a machine which is meant to be a parody of man and woman. This is one of his last works before he “quits” art to become a chess player, but ends up creating again in the 60’s.

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Salvador Dalí, Persistence of a Memory 1931. n.d. Https://Www.moma.org/Collection/Works/79018. 

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Also known as the downfall of dada surrealism begins to pick up as an illusionistic and hallucinatory art style. These meticulous paintings depict fantastical dream like subject matter. One of the most famous surrealist artist being Salvador Dali who paints The Persistence of a Memory back in 1931.