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Health behaviour that takes on the role of expectations in the shape of behaviour

3 areas are discussed within the HPM – individual characteristics and experiences, behaviour specific cognition and affect and behavioural outcomes (Pender, 1996).

“Measuring changes in these variables is essential to determine if such changes actually result from the intervention and, in turn, influence changes in commitment or in the occurrence of health-promoting behaviours” (Pender et al., 2006: 52)

Agnes Yin Kwan Ho, Ingela Berggren, Dr Polit and Elisabeth Dahlborg-Lyckhag (2010). Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis. Nursing and Health Sciences. 12. 259-267. DOI: doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00517.x

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·        Agnes Yin Kwan Ho, Ingela Berggren, Dr Polit and Elisabeth Dahlborg-Lyckhag (2010). Diabetes empowerment related to Pender’s Health Promotion Model: A meta-synthesis. Nursing and Health Sciences. 12. 259-267. DOI: doi: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00517.x

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Since nursing focuses majorly on encouraging health-promoting behaviors, Nola Pender's Health Promotion model could serve as a tool for student nurses to learn about planning behavioral modification interventions in order to assist in the improvement and prevention of unhealthy behaviors in patients.  Pender, N.J., Murdaugh, C.L. and Parsons, M.A., 2006. Health promotion in nursing practice.

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By Gold (History of the Nola Pender Health Promotion Model)

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By Gold (History of the Nola Pender Health Promotion Model)

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The health promotion model(HPM) was developed and published in the year 1982 by Nola J. Pender.

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In relation to the individual, Health is defined as the actualization of inborn and acquired human
potential through goal-directed behavior, competent self-care, and worthwhile relationships
with others, while adjustments are made as required to maintain structural integrity and
harmony with suitable environments. Individuals interact and relate with the environment in terms of their biopsychosocial complexity, Hence, progressively transforming their
environment and being transformed by it over time.
Using this model and working collaboratively with the patient, the nurse can aid the client in changing
behaviors with the sole purpose of achieving a healthy lifestyle. (Pender, N.J., 2011. Health promotion model manual).

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Nola Pender Health promotion model indicates preventive health measures and describes nurses' critical function in helping patients prevent illness by self care and bold alternatives.

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The Health Promotion Model notes that each person has unique personal characteristics and experiences that affect subsequent actions.

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The Importance of Nursing Theory for Nurse Education                             By Perpetual  

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The Importance of Nursing Theory for Nurse Education                             By Perpetual  

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Prior to the development of nursing theories, nursing was seen as a task-oriented occupation, and nurses were trained by doctors over time nursing profession has evolved greatly moving from dependence upon total medical direction and providing basic care into an independent practice. Today, nursing theory serves as the foundation of nursing practice.  Nursing has it own nursing theory practice, nursing model and distinct nursing interventions which give nurses a sense of identity to help understand their purpose and role in the health care setting. This theory provides different templates to help nurses in understanding their patients' needs and provide care and respects to the patients which will improves outcomes. “Nurses make age-specific and risk-specific recommendations for clinical preventative services” (Tomey, 2010, p. 435). “Clinical interest in health behaviors represents a philosophical shift that emphasized the quality of lives alongside the saving of lives” (Tomey, p. 442). Through understanding the intersection of nursing, patients, health, and the environment, these theories aim to simplify the complicated, ever-evolving relationship that nurses have with their profession. Therefore, Nola Pender Health Promotion Model is incorporated in nursing theory curricula as an aspect of health assessment, community health nursing, and wellness-focused courses” (Tomey, 2010, p. 443). Nurses promote wellness by health promotion education (Tomey, p. 442)

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The Health Promotion Model is based on four fundamental concepts, which are person, the environment, nursing, and health. A person is “a biopsychosocial organism that is partially shaped by the environment but also seeks to create a climate in which inherent and acquired human potential can be fully expressed” (Butts & Rich, 2011, p. 57). Consequently, there is a mutual relationship between an individual and the surroundings. The theory posits that personal qualities and life experience play a greater role in shaping one’s health behavior. Pender believed that individuals have exclusive personal traits and knowledge that influence successive actions. These qualities, coupled with the environment, affect one’s behavior.                                 The environment as the second concept of the Health Promotion Model refers to the physical, cultural, and social background in which an individual grows (Butts & Rich, 2011). In many cases, people adopt certain behaviors based on upbringing. Hence, the theory claims that an individual can alter his or her environment to come up with a constructive framework of signs and catalysts for health-enhancing actions. Nursing is the third key concept of the Health Promotion Model. The model treats nursing as a collaboration between individuals, relatives, and society to nurture an appropriate atmosphere for the demonstration of the best possible fitness and high-level health.
Pender’s model defines health as the realization of intrinsic and gained human capacity through objective-oriented behavior, proficient self-care, and mutual relationship with others (May & Rew, 2010). The model argues that health can only be achieved by making regular adjustments of personal behavior to suit the environment.

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Reference List
Butts, J. & Rich, K. (2011). Philosophies and theories for advanced nursing practice. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
May, K. & Rew, L. (2012). Mexican American youths and mothers’ explanatory models of diabetes prevention. Journal for Specialist in Paediatric Nursing, 15(1), 6-15.
Pender, N., Murdaugh, C. & Parsons, M. (2011). Health promotion in nursing practice. Ohio: Ohio State University Press.
Tomey, A. (2010). Nursing theorist and their work. Maryland Heights, MO: Mosby Elsevier. Pender, N, Murdaugh, C, & Parsons, M. (2006). Health promotion in nursing practice fifth edition.

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Nola Pender Health promotion Model will help students know the exact concept to use for patients as no treatment is the same for every patients.