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Antarcitica ONTOP

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Kenya has physical water scarcity a from frequent droughts and is running out of water.

Describe the best solution -The best solution to this is sand dams because they are cost effective and can store up water enough to help the people. With moulds and other supplies, you can harden sand to be airtight and strong enough to hold large amounts of water and is not to far away to people can access it easier.

Positives – it is cost effective and can supply a good amount of water.

-       It can be a pubic area so it can stop fights over the low amounts of water.

Negatives – it may not rain enough to supply enough water for everyone and can take too long to replenish.

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1- Is it physical or economic ?
- Indian water scarcity problem is physical

2- What is the solution to india's water scarcity ?
- Recycling water

Rainwater harvesting and recycled wastewater also allow to reduce scarcity and ease pressures on groundwater and other natural water bodies.

3- Positives of recycling water - Recycling our water can offer substantial benefits to our society including : reduction of nutrients and contamination loads into oceans and rivers.

4 - Negative of recycling water - Microbial pathogens in wastewater from sewage effluent.

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Chile (Yusef)

Causes of water scarcity

Globle warming worsening every year making it drier with droughts which is physical water scarcity. It is also economic water scarcity because the government is not building the infrastructure or managing things well.

Solution to water scarcity

Build desalination plants because Chile is near the ocean. The government needs to manage it properly.

Pros

Doesn’t rely on rainfall.

Cons

Expensive.

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Why is there water scarcity in Singapore?
Climate change is a key reason on what is causing water scarcity in Singapore.

Description
A man named Adam Reutens-Tan washes under a half-full camping shower hooked on the ceiling of his bathroom. This shower that only uses 4L per shower is just one of the many ways his family conserves water as part Singapore’s push to cut daily consumptions by 8% by 2030.

Positive
This is a good idea, considering that it does in fact cut the daily consumption of water by Singapore.

Negative
Although this idea could work, it does need work to construct together, and if built wrong then It could easily fall apart while washing.

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we are getting alot of water but we have physical water scarcity because alot of water evaporates.

with the water we have we could try using less water like having shorter shower.

it will be a positive result because we will have more water for when we need it badly.

fun fact: perth only gets 790mm of water per year

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Causes of Water Scarcity

Britain is having physical water scarcity due to climate change and long periods with dry weather and heat. With the growing population and increasing pressure on the capitals water supply forces Britain to source other means of ways to get water.

Possible Solution for Water Scarcity

Britain has already instilled another way to get water for its agriculture. A Britain Company has made an irrigation system which allows saline and brackish water, which contains more saline than freshwater, to be used for growing crops. This helps to limit the risk of not being able to grow the food consumers that they require.

Pros and Cons

The irrigation system needs minimal maintenance while the pipes must be periodically flushed to clean out the accumulated salt sand dirt. This system lets salt water be use for irrigation and fresh water be used for other uses. This increases food security for people living in dry coastal areas. Irrigation can increase erosion, pollution of surface water and groundwater from agricultural bodies and deterioration of water quality.

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· Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?
The cause to water scarcity in this area is climate change. global warming had raised the temperature and is melting the ice glaciers.This is physical water scarcity.

· Describe a solution to water scarcity here.
A solution to solve china's water scarcity is sponge cities. sponge cities are urban areas with abundant natural areas such as trees, lakes and parks or other good design intended to absorb rain and prevent flooding.The chinese government chose 16 pilots and cities and allocated to each of them between 400 and 600 million yuan for the implementation of innovative water management strategies that would gradually transform these cities into “Sponge Cities”.

PROS

Environmentally adaptive

Systematic and comprehensive

Environmentally friendly

They can hold more water in rivers, greenery and soil instead of losing it to evaporation

CONS

Less water available in urban and peri-urban areas. (can impact natural cycle.)

Polluted water discharged into rivers or the ocean

Degradation of urban ecosystems and green areas due to sprawling.(lead to decreased intake in the CO2 that plants intake.)

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What is causing water scarcity, Is it physical or economical?

China is going through economic water scarcity. Climate change is one of the main factors for water scarcity, pollution is also making water quality worse, and China has 1.4 billion people that need water.

A solution to water scarcity

A solution to water scarcity that China is currently doing are sponge cities. They aim to control urban flooding, water pollution, and recycle rainwater. It retains rainwater by waterproofing paved floor so part of it evaporates and the rest gets gradually drained. As well as proofing roads and pavement, more trees can be planted, and smart buildings are constructed to adapt. Roofs are covered in grass for greater absorption of water and buildings are also panted in light colors to reflect more heat instead of absorbing the heat.

Pros and cons

A positive is it can keep floods at bay (this is especially good for China because of its floods), and a negative is that it would take a lot of time and is extremely expensive.

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sam
.Climate change plays a key role in the water shortage crisis in China. For thousands of years, civilisations along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers fed on the glacial meltwater from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau also known as 'The Third Pole 21.

.The SNWTP aims to alleviate the water shortage problem in northern China by moving water from the Yangtze River in the South through 1 500 kilometre long canals.

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Causes of water scarcity

It’s physical since there managing the water and spending money to get water
Solution
For water scarcity you should make drains for capturing rain and make a cleaning machine to get rid of the bacteria in the rain.
Pros and cons
It will capture a lot of rain water in winter but it won’t in summer and it will cost a lot.

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What's causing water scarcity in USA California?
Caused by fossil fuel extraction, mega dairies and growing tree nuts and alfalfa and climate change.
Solution
the solution is recycling water for landscape irrigation at parks, schools and golf courses, also using the Groundwater Replenishment System.
Positive to the solution
the positives to this solution is that we are saving water and reusing water and reducing water scarcity in California USA

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Why is water scarce in peru?
Peru has a large population which is still growing rapidly,which lead to having slums with limited or no access to safe drinking water

Description of fog catching-
Collecting moisture from thick sea mist around Lima.

Fog passes through net like object made of mesh which forms drops of freshwater which will drip into a gutter that is lying under neath the mesh net, from the gutters, pipes lead the water into a storage tank. This water can be used for irrigating crops or as drinking water.

-Positives-
-requires no energy to operate
-it doesn’t affect many animals
-it’s cheap and easy to use

-Negatives-
-requires specific climates
-if too much water is trapped inside the fibres, the mesh won’t drain

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Causes of water scarcity:
The problem was that deforestation had reached the three local watersheds, the source of Moyobamba's water supply. As land use around these watersheds switched from rainforest.Peru is a physical water scarcity.

Solution:
This is done with big meshes that are set up perpendicular to the path of the wind. As the wind carries the fog through these meshes the water droplets get caught by the mesh. Once the droplets accumulate and become big enough, gravity pulls them down the mesh and into containers that are set up to collect the water.

Positives-
- can be used as a source of clean drinking water and as water for reforestation
- cheap and easy to use
- doesn't effect animals

Negative-
- Fog collection is unlikely to be of regional or national importance as a water supply.
- requires specific climates

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THARUN.

India's dependence on an increasingly erratic monsoon for its water requirements increases this challenge. Climate change is likely to exacerbate this pressure on water resources, even as the frequency and intensity of floods and droughts in the country increases

A solution to water scarcity in India is rainwater collection and waste water treatment because it is very cheap and easy to operate

a positive is that we get more clean water to drink and use in life but it is bad because it will cost money and time

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Water scarcity in South Africa
South Africa is severely suffering from water scarcity as the population has grown exponentially. This leads to a lack of infrastructure which then will lead to water scarcity. South Africa also has many accidental pollution incidents.
Solution:
South Africa suffers from economic water scarcity and would most likely be best for them to build a desalination plant. This is, of course, if they have the money for it.
Positive:
A positive of building desalination plants is that it would come with a much larger supply of fresh water for the South Africa.
Negative:
Although, a negative is that desalination plants could be too much for South Africa to be able to pay. South Africa is A middle-class country although poverty is high because of bad governance and unfair high-income, this has nothing to do with the fact that the government could eventually find themselves struggling with money to pay for the desalination plants because of agriculture e.c.t. .

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1. California's worsening droughts have been causing water scarcity in this area.

2.

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·       Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?

Algeria is experiencing physical water scarcity due to lack of rainfall, even if it’s seasonal, it is still very little.

·       Describe a solution to water scarcity here.

Algeria could use desalination plants because they lack rainfall but it isn’t economic scarcity, so they can still afford a desalination plant and they can take water from around the coast.

·       Provide a positive and a negative of this solution.

A positive is that Algeria has enough money for these plants, but a negative is that desalination requires a lot of energy and electricity.

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What is causing water scarcity in Ghana?
-water scarcity in Ghana is caused by deforestation, rapid population growth, contaminated water, climate change, and illegal mining of gold.
-they are both physical and economic water scarcity

What is the solution to water scarcity here?
-scientists developed a 'drinkable book' which has 26 tear-out pages of powerful filters
-works like a scientific filter paper
-coated with silver nano-particles
-kills bacteria that pass through the paper

PROS
-it is pretty cheap (20c to produce)
-each book can provide a single person with up to 4 years of clean water
-kills 99.99% bacteria
-eco friendly (made from renewable resources)

CONS
-some metal particles do still seep through like lead, mercury, arsenic, etc.
-not 100% safe

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sam
.Climate change plays a key role in the water shortage crisis in China. For thousands of years, civilisations along the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers fed on the glacial meltwater from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau – also known as 'The Third Pole'.21

.The SNWTP aims to alleviate the water shortage problem in northern China by moving water from the Yangtze River in the South through 1 500 kilometre-long canals.

.

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·       Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?

·        Water Scarcity, the Aral Sea has already shrunk to half its former size, as result of unsustainable cotton cultivation that began less than 40 years ago. But though the sea itself can no longer be saved, its toxic salt plains.

·       Describe a solution to water scarcity here.

The dam was built at the foot of the northern Aral. To increase the flow from the Syr Darya, existing levees were strengthened, banks were straightened.

·       Provide a positive and a negative of this solution.

Positive: This dam has prevented further decline of the Aral Sea, and by 2011 it helped restore the water salinity level to the that of the 1960s.

Negative: As the Aral Sea has dried up, fisheries and the communities that depended on the dam. Then the water in the dam became more salty, then the dam also got polluted with fertilizer and pesticides. The blowing dust from the exposed lake bed, contaminated with agricultural chemicals, became a public health hazard.

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Annual rain deficits since 2015 causing weak runoffs, a reduction in water supply to dams, and diminished recharge of groundwater.

High demand and over-exploitation of groundwater for farming.

Culture, technology and environment.

Expansion in demand for water or reduction in precipitation induced by climate change.

describe a solution to water scarcity here

Water is getting scarce. Agriculture is the number one user of water worldwide. If dry areas of the world aren’t careful, their agriculture will soon be in big trouble. Morocco is a good example of a country that has woken up to its water problems and introduced drip irrigation.

provide a positive and a negative of this solution.

17, 2016 · Morocco aims to generate 52% of its electricity needs from renewable energy by 2030, and is stimulating local manufacturing with a target of sourcing 35% of the second phase of the NOOR concentrated …

Morocco is already bearing the brunt of climate change, with a severe drought in 2015 affecting the harvest and depressing the economy.

To cope with the impact of climate change, Morocco has adopted a series of green policies to conserve its natural resources and make agriculture more resilient.

Morocco’s approach aims to reap the triple win of adapting to climate change while lessening its impact, and creating new opportunities.

Morocco knows it will be affected by climate change, it’s just a question of how badly. It is already feeling the effects:  The rate of economic growth fell to 1.5% this year because of a severe drought in 2015. If just one season of poor rain can depress Morocco’s economy by causing bad harvests, what sort of havoc will the greater extremes of climate change wreak as the planet gets hotter?

“Morocco launched the Plan Vert, or green strategy, to cope with the threat of climate change,” said Marie Francoise Marie-Nelly, World Bank Group Country Director for the Maghreb. “It represents a triple win, as it involves both adapting the country to the reality of climate change and taking steps to reduce its impact on its people and environment, all while creating opportunities such as helping farmers adopt climate-smart techniques and increase their productivity, and provide better links to markets for their goods.”

Conserving the water stored naturally in underground aquifers is a case in point. New policies protect this precious natural resource, while making sure there is enough water to go around to meet the needs of agriculture; an industry that is a critical source of employment. According to World Bank Program Leader, Andrea Liverani, Moroccans have long recognized the importance of regulating the amount of water people pump from underground.

the positive reasons

doesn't rely on rain fall and that

the negative reason is expensive $$$$$$$$$$$$$

this is my reasons

when did Morocco ran out of water?

it was year 1980s.

by Alex

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Britain's new underground system called "Dutyion Root Hydration System"

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The UK is currently facing a shortage of physical water due to a rapidly growing population. However, a private British company has developed a new underground piping system called the Dutyion Root Hydration System. This system can use almost any type of water source, including industrial wastewater, without requiring additional treatment.

The Dutyion Root Hydration System works by transferring water directly to plant roots through pipes. The water then diffuses through the pipe walls, effectively filtering out any residue. This process is highly efficient and can be used with any water source, including industrial wastewater.

It is important to note that this is a smaller-scale process than a conventional desalination plant, which limits its impact. However, it is a cost-effective solution that can serve as a reliable secondary water source. Additionally, it is highly water-efficient due to its ability to use almost any water source. Overall, the Dutyion Root Hydration System offers a promising solution to the UK's water scarcity problem.

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·      Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?

It is physical water scarcity because the Aral Sea used to be the 4th largest lake in 1960 but it has shrunk to half its original size because of unsustainable cotton cultivation the begun 40 years ago. But the sea can no longer be saved because its toxic salt plains paradoxically given rise to a new spirit.

·      Describe a solution to water scarcity here.

A solution to water scarcity in the Aral Sea is to build a dam at the foot of northern Aral. And to increase the flow from the Syr Darya, levees were strengthened, banks were straightened, and old soviet bottlenecks were removed.

·      Provide a positive and a negative of this solution.

Positive: The dam has prevented further decline of Northern Aral Sea and by 2011 it had helped restore the water salinity levels.

Negative: In the Aral Sea, the increasingly salty water became polluted with fertilizer and pesticides.

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Singapore                                                                   ~sanasri 

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Singapore                                                                   ~sanasri 

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The cause of the water scarcity in Singapore is the lack of natural water resources. The solution to water scarcity is desalinating the sea water around the island. Singapore started to desalinate the water in 2005 and now currently has 4 desalination plants across the island. Some pros to building desalination plants is that its provides accessible drinking water to the civilians and it protects the habitat but sadly it's very expensive to build and it heavily impacts the environment.

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Kenya Sand Dams
By Ethan Lee :)

Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?
Kenya is suffering from physical water because of climate change causing increasingly severe droughts.

Describe a solution to water scarcity here.
A solution to water scarcity here in Kenya is building sand dams. Kenya is using sand dams because it is the best cost-effective method of water conservation in dryland environments like Kenya.

Sand dams use reinforced rubble cement to build a wall across a seasonal sandy river. This stops the water from flowing out to sea and creates storage for water.

Sand dams also provide clean, reliable water within 30-90 minutes of local homes. This improves the access to water for people, crops and livestock in water-poor environments. Also because of the time reduced getting water, this allows people to invest their energy in other activities like farming activities.

Positive of sand dams
-A good thing about sand dams is that they are simple, low maintenance and cost!
-Sand dams can also reduce conflict because of the increasing access to water for everyone!

Negative of sand dams
-In 2015, people studied 30 dams in Kenya and found at least 67% (20 in 30 dams) lack the capacity to supply continuous water to even one household during the dry season.

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The cause of water scarcity is because of dry winter winds, deforestation and illegal gold mining.

One of the solutions is to deliver clean water while reducing carbon dioxide emissions.

The positive is that Ghana is not a water-stressed country and can lead to more efficient use of water resources.

The negative is they have poor water sanitation and hygiene and can spread the waterborne illness.

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Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?
Niger is suffering from physical water scarcity due to a drought. Niger is also suffering from economic water scarcity because they don't have enough money to build infrastructure.

Describe a solution to water scarcity here.
A solution to water scarcity here in Niger is the world bank investing in them.

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Describe a solution to water scarcity here - we can fix this by having  large desalination plants

Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity? -Farming remains by far the biggest drain on Australia's water supply at nearly 70% of the water footprint

How it works ? - Our desalination plants use a reverse osmosis process. Seawater is pumped into the desalination plant from the Indian Ocean and passes through pre treatment filtration to remove most particles.

a positive and a negative of this solution - negative ~ economic decline may occur , positive ~ at the top

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This is a draft

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Describe what is causing water scarcity in this area. Is it physical or economic water scarcity?

Describe a solution to water scarcity here.

Provide a positive and a negative of this solution.

Include a relevant photo.