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Coral Way Elementary School - Florida, 1963

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Coral Way Elementary School - Florida, 1963

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Established by Cuban exiles, Coral Way Elementary School in Dade County, Florida was a Spanish-English bilingual school. Education of the home language (Spanish) was maintained at the school by teaching professionals, the Cubans as victims of a Communist state, and their belief that their stay was temporary. This event was important as Coral Way Elementary School was the first modern dual language school. In addition to this, bilingual education in Dade County gained political support and funding. Other schools during this time period also started bilingual programs, however Coral Way Elementary School received much attention.

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The 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibited discrimination against one's color, race, or nationality. This act led to the Office of Civil Rights, which was federally-recognized as an act to increase tolerance and acceptance of ethnic languages. This event was important as it paved the way as it brought back the call to establish social equality and justice.

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Ralph Yarborough, senator of Texas, introduced the Bilingual Education Act of 1967. The initiative for this act was to aid Spanish-speakers that were failing in the school system. This act was important as it eventually expanded to include all students who had English as their target language. In addition to this, the Bilingual Education Act of 1967 stated that educational bilingual programs were to be a part of the federal education policy. It also allocated for funds involving speakers of languages other than English as their home language.

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Lau v. Nichols, 1974 was a court case that brought Chinese-speaking school students against the San Francisco school district. This case argued that Chinese-speaking students were not given fair educational opportunities in the classroom when taught in a language they did not fully comprehend. Although the case was rejected by federal court, it eventually was accepted by the Supreme Court in 1974. Following the ruling that stated that the school receiving federal funds must provide non-English speaking students with additional English instruction, Lau remedies were issued. This event was important because the Lau remedies further acknowledged students that were not proficient in English and provided extra instruction and tutoring for non-English speakers. The Lau remedies also created other opportunities of expanding minority language use in other schools.

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No Child Left Behind - December 13th, 2001

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No Child Left Behind - December 13th, 2001

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President George W. Bush signed this act into law on January 8th, 2002. This law was important as it held states, districts, schools, and teachers accountable for academic development and performance of non-English speaking students. To achieve success for every student, the No Child Left Behind Law included the following requirements: 1) Establishing academic standards 2) assess students annually on progress in achieving English proficiency 3) testing students annually in reading and math (some grade levels were also tested in Science) 4) ensure all students make yearly progress 5) ensure LEP students make AYP progress 6) establish a system for a particular school where students fail to meet standards two years in a row. This law was important as it held schools accountable for the progress and success of bilingual students and promoted fair education and treatment of all students.

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Baker, C., & Wright, W. E. (2021). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism. Multilingual Matters.

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Lau V. Nichols. Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lau-v-Nichols#:~:text=Nichols%2C%20case%20in%20which%20the,they%20receive%20an%20equal%20education.