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- carefully skimming the questions due to time constraint of 1hour
- memorize most of the apparatus
- be more accurate when it comes to measuring anything involving making the graph
- line graph curve make it as smooth as possible
- and plot graph with an X
- make sure to understand the questions and the experiments expressed
- differentiate burette with pipette (Uh pipette has a bump in the middle and much shorter then burette and burette has a controlled switch and the end too control the amount of substance needed for the mixture)

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-remember labroratory tools and/or equipment (apparently the first part of the paper will almost always ask about one of the apparatuses
-remember the seperation techniques, (uh distillation, fractional, crystalization, filtration, and chromatography)
-understand how to properly execute chromatography (pencil as the line, calculate using solvent front and the dyes, etc.)
-dont really need to memorize qualitative analysis but it would be good to understand why some may produce the respective results (or even ones that arent listed)
-usage of acid to obtain dry gas (so no water vapor or other impurities)
-characteristics of metals and/or other elements so identifying would also be easier even with the qualitative analysis tables
-know how to do flame test properly (remember to rinse the stick first w/ distilled water ;-;)
-get used to planning an experiment, use proper keywords and avoid certain ones aswell like "number", "amount", "this / that" (improper reference to subject) and use proper scientific ones instead like "volume" "frequency" "forward/reverse reaction" etc.

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-This is how you do a flame test:
Dip chrome wire in concentrated hydrochloric acid.

Dip the wire in the solution of test substance

Put the wire in the blue flame of Bunsen burner

Observe color change

-For example in titration, if it asks whether warming the solution will affect the end point, answer
No effect
Because temperature doesn't affect the product and the concentration stays the same

-Advantage of using measuring cylinder than volumetric pipette:
Can measure larger volume

-How to test for reliability:
Repeat AND compare the results

-In titration, if it asks why universal indicator cannot be used:
It is hard to identify the end point

-If it asks why we would rinse the apparatus first (for example in titration, we should rinse the conical flask)
To remove impurities

-Make sure if it's asking for observations (for example in electrolysis) don't write the name of the product formed, but the colour and what is seen
for example:
hydrogen produced - bubbling
chlorine gas produced - yellow-green gas
silver produced - shiny solid/liquid

-If it is asking how to adjust Bunsen burner to give a hot flame, answer:
Open air hole

-If it is asking the safety precaution of toxic gas, answer:
Keep a well-ventilated room OR
Use fume cupboard

-Remember the colour changes for indicators like
Methyl orange:
acidic - red
neutral - orange
alkaline - yellow

Thymolphthalein:
acidic: colourless
alkaline: blue

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-remember if they ask for how to test the reliability of an experiment, write repeat the experiment 3 times and compare result
-in some experiments they may ask how to fix the error/how to improve the experiment, usually you can answer use pipette or burette but then again look at the context
-don’t use the word amount
-final answer should be to 3 significant figure unless specified, or if it’s in a table, make sure all the significant figures is the same (for exp: 20.5, 21.0, don’t write 22, write 22.0)
-read the question carefully and recheck your answers
-when asked to give a certain number of answers, follow the instructions (for example if the question asks for 2 physical properties, write only 2, not 3 above, not 1)
-if there is questions about reading the diagram (stop clock, thermometer, measuring cylinder, etc) , make sure you read properly, that’s basically free points
-try to be specific, clear and directly to the point when answering depending on the command word

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-When drawing graphs, make sure the results cover at least half of the given space. Do this by having large enough scale to maximize data coverage space wise.
-Exothermic/Endothermic, check which of these are the properties of the equation for this particular graph.
-Enthalpy change always start from original energy levels, because regardless of the activation energy, the final energy level is the same.
-When making experimental plan, make sure you know what variable is being tested (independent), and the variable you need to obtain/a fact you need to prove (dependent).
-Be clear in writing steps, as in what actions does a student actually doing the experiment need to accomplish.
-Be careful in reading scales when asked to record data, whether it is descending data, like a burette, or ascending, like measuring cylinder.
-Remember the test for water having 2 different chemicals possible. Copper(II) sulfate and cobalt(II) chloride. How I remember the color change is remembering copper(II) ions produce light blue color in aqueous solution, so in anhydrous condition its white, then hydrated is blue. For cobalt(II) chloride, cobalt itself is associated with blue, so without water its blue, then hydrated it's pink.
-Last general tip for paper 6, think simple, IGCSE asks you for practical aspect for the most part, so don't overcomplicate things with theoretical knowledge (unless they ask you about it).

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Answer of question of drawing a new curve if temperature of reaction is lower:
-Reducing reaction temperature does not affect the volume of product produced but decreases the rate of reaction meaning the new curve will take longer to reach a graph gradient of zero

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Question:
The bung was removed and then replaced immediately after the sodium carbonate was added to the boiling tube. Explain how the apparatus could be altered so that the bung does not have to be removed. You may draw a diagram to explain your answer.

Answer:
Use a divided conical flask (divided flask for short) to separate both reactants, than tip the flask over to start reaction

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-Any sodium, potassium and ammonium salts are all soluble
-All Nitrates are soluble
-Most Carbonates and Hydroxides are insoluble except sodium, potassium and ammonium
-Most Chlorides are soluble except lead(ii) and silver
-Most Sulfates are soluble except lead(ii), calcium and barium

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Tip for Answering  6-mark make an experiment question

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Tip for Answering  6-mark make an experiment question

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-Firstly identify the method that is occurring if its titration reaction, precipitation or adding of excess  insoluble base ect...
-Identify the independent, dependent and constant variables
-Make a clear step-by-step method of conducting experiment( no need to include the volume to add specific solutions)
-Afterwards always include repeat experiment two ore three more times and take the average
-Include needed safety equipment (this always guarantee's a mark)

Possible Equipment:
Gas Syringe: When question asks about measuring volume of gas produced
Mortar and Pestle: Used to break down food or ingredients into powder
Electronic Balance: Used for measuring mass
Glass Rod: Used for stirring two solutions
Burette: Used for accurately measuring volume of liquid
Oven: Used for turning hydrated salts into anhydrous dry versions

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TIP for question 3(b)(i):

For questions regarding testing for the negative ion in this case nitrates ensure to answer with 'red litmus paper turns blue' as this reaction will release a colorless gas ammonia which can only be properly identified by litmus paper change of color. Answers with observations of colorless gas is not accepted.

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Context of question: Experiment 2 used the same equipment from experiment 1. Solution L was a reactant used only in Experiment 2 whilst solution K is only a reactant used in Experiment 1.

(i) To remove any residues of experiment 1 from the flask that would interfere with the results of Experiment 2

(ii) It would add an unknown volume of Solution L into the flask which would interfere with Experiment's 2 results

TIP: With questions like this it is important to understand the concept of rinsing which is to remove impurities from a previous experiment

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Plot the graphs properly

Revise the preparations of salts

Practice the steps for experimental technique for the last question because it's based of skill

Read the practical section of the syllabus it's very useful

Don't forget the colors of indicators like I did

Always attempt to answer each question with the most logical answer even if your not sure to minimize time usage and it's the highest chance to get it correct (don't leave it blank stupid)

Analyze each question with detail because one word could cost you marks for example: describe PHYSICAL test for water (what happened to me earlier)

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- Use up more than half of the graph space
- When asked for a safety precaution for toxic gas, either be in a well-ventilated room or use a fume cupboard
- Pipette is normally used for accurate measurement of 25cm3
- When drawing a line graph make sure it curves, unless it asks for a straight line
- Be careful with decimal places, if all the other results are 21.3, 29.6, 25.5 do not write 12 or 21, instead make it one decimal place 12.0, 21.0
- When planning for experiment, make sure to state the volume, concentration, mass, etc. of the reactants being used
- When labelling apparatus make sure to pay attention where the arrow was pointing at

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- reading whether it's initial or final volume (unlike today)
- not going insane attempting to read/make graphs with the small squares
- drawing the curves properly when making a graph and not shaking whilst drawing the curve

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I think I have to be careful of:
- experimental apparatus for accuracy
- writing observations of some chemical reactions
- testing for pure substances
- drawing apparatus diagrams