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Setting up the Pack n Play currently provided by the Milwaukee Health Department Safe Sleep Program: 

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Setting up the Pack n Play currently provided by the Milwaukee Health Department Safe Sleep Program: 

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Please watch the above video to see the pack n play that our Milwaukee Health Department Safe Sleep Program currently provides to qualifying participants of the Safe Sleep Program. This video does a nice job of demonstrating set-up and break-down of the pack n play. (Please note that while many pack n plays are quite similar, this video is specific only to the pack n play we currently provide in our program.)

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Cribette Instructional Video - English Subtitles

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Milwaukee Health Department's Safe Sleep Program

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Milwaukee Health Department's Safe Sleep Program

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Above is a link to The Milwaukee Health Department's Safe Sleep Program. Here you can learn more about safe sleep Guidelines and the Milwaukee Health Department's in-person and virtual/online Safe Sleep Class offerings.

Classes teach safe sleep recommendations for your baby's first year, and qualifying participants can get a free pack n play portable crib!

Qualifying criteria to be eligible for pack n play portable crib: City of Milwaukee Resident, Pregnant at least 34 weeks or have a baby under 6 months of age, and in need of a safe place for your baby to sleep. See web page for more info.

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General and referral information along with a link for donating to the program and links for further information on safe sleep and infant mortality.

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Co-sleeping is when parents or caregivers share a sleep surface with a baby. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the City of Milwaukee Health Department recommend that the safest option is for babies to sleep alone, on their backs, in a crib, and in the same room as caregivers. But we know that you may choose to share a sleep surface with your baby. See above PDF for more info.

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(Espanol).

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The Period of Purple Crying is a normal period of crying that infants go through in the first few months of their lives. Take a look at this document to learn more about what the acronym "PURPLE" stands for!

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Learn More about the Period of Purple Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome

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Learn More about the Period of Purple Crying and Shaken Baby Syndrome

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Take a look at this link to learn more about the Period of Purple Crying and this evidence based approach to help parents understand early infant crying and reduce the incidence of Shaken Baby Syndrome.

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What is the Period of PURPLE Crying program?

The Period of PURPLE Crying program is an evidence-based shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma (SBS/AHT) prevention program available since 2007. The program has two aims:

1. To support parents and caregivers in their understanding of early increased infant crying
2. To reduce the incidence of SBS/AHT

The program approaches SBS/AHT and infant abuse prevention by helping parents and caregivers understand the frustrating features of crying in normal, healthy infants that can lead to shaking or abuse. The program provides the opportunity for parents to learn about the crying characteristics from over 50 years of research on normal infant crying conducted by Dr. Ronald G. Barr, and other scientists worldwide.

Research

Over the last several years, the body of scientific research with the Period of PURPLE Crying has grown significantly. The NCSBS and our partners are committed to continuing to improve and strengthen the PURPLE program through on-going evaluation. Continued research with the program is what drives many of the changes and enhancements that are made to the program content and to the model. Our overall aim is build a program that is highly effective in improving parents and caregivers understanding of normal infant crying and ultimately reduce the incidence of SBS/AHT.

The following is a list of published research with the Period of PURPLE Crying. This list continues to grow, so check back often for new published research.

Randomized Control Trials

Barr, R. G., Rivara, F. P., Barr, M., Cummings, P., Taylor, J., Lengua, L. J., & Meredith-Benitz, E. (2009). Effectiveness of Educational Materials Designed to Change Knowledge and Behaviors Regarding Crying and Shaken-Baby Syndrome in Mothers of Newborns: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. Pediatrics, 123(3), 972-980.

Barr, R. G., Barr, M., Fujiwara, T., Conway, J., Catherine, N., & Brant, R. (2009). Do educational materials change knowledge and behaviour about crying and shaken baby syndrome? A randomized controlled trial. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 180(7), 727-733.

Fujiwara, T., Yamada, F., Okuyama, M., Kamimaki, I., Shikoro, N., & Barr, R. G. (2012). Effectiveness of educational materials designed to change knowledge and behavior about crying and shaken baby syndrome: A replication of a randomized controlled trial in Japan. Child Abuse & Neglect, 36(9), 613-620.

Other Research with the Period of PURPLE Crying

Barr, R. G., Barr, M., Rajabali, F. et al. (2019). Eight-year outcome of implementation of abusive head trauma prevention. Child Abuse & Neglect, 84.

Nocera, M., Shanahan, M., Murphy, R. A., Sullivan, K. M., Barr, M., Price, J., & Zolotor, A. (2015). A statewide nurse training program for a hospital based infant abusive head trauma prevention program. Nurse Education in Practice, 16(1).

Zolotor, A. J., Runyan, D. K., Shanahan, M., Durrance, C. P., Nocera, M., Sullivan, K., . . . Barr, R. G. (2015). Effectiveness of a Statewide Abusive Head Trauma Prevention Program in North Carolina. JAMA Pediatrics, 169(12), 1126.

Barr, R. G., Rajabali, F., Aragon, M., Colbourne, M., & Brant, R. (2015). Education About Crying in Normal Infants Is Associated with a Reduction in Pediatric Emergency Room Visits for Crying Complaints. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 36(4), 252-257.

Beaulieu, E., Rajabali, F., Zheng, A., Pike, I. (2019) The lifetime costs of pediatric abusive head trauma and a cost-effectiveness analysis of the Period of Purple crying program in British Columbia, Canada Child Abuse & Neglect, 97.

Stewart, T. C., Gilliland, J., Parry, N. G., & Fraser, D. D. (2015). An evidence-based method for targeting an abusive head trauma prevention media campaign and its evaluation. Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, 79(5), 748-755.

Barr, R. G., Fairbrother, N., Pauwels, J., Green, J., Chen, M., & Brant, R. (2014). Maternal frustration, emotional and behavioural responses to prolonged infant crying. Infant Behavior and Development, 37(4), 652-664.

Barr, R. G. (2012). Preventing abusive head trauma resulting from a failure of normal interaction between infants and their caregivers. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109 (Supplement_2), 17294-17301.

Stewart, T. C., Polgar, D., Gilliland, J., Tanner, D. A., Girotti, M. J., Parry, N., & Fraser, D. D. (2011). Shaken Baby Syndrome and a Triple-Dose Strategy for Its Prevention. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 71(6), 1801-1807.

Shanahan, M. E., Nocera, M., Zolotor, A. J., Sellers, C. J., & Runyan, D. K. (2011). Education on Abusive Head Trauma in North Carolina Hospitals. Child Abuse Rev. Child Abuse Review, 20(4), 290-297.

Stewart, T. C., Polgar, D., Gilliland, J., Tanner, D. A., Girotti, M. J., Parry, N., & Fraser, D. D. (2011). Shaken Baby Syndrome and a Triple-Dose Strategy for Its Prevention. The Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care, 71(6), 1801-1807.

Zolotor, A. (2010). Preventing Child Maltreatment in North Carolina. North Carolina Medical Journal, 71(6), 553-555.

Runyan, D. K., Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., Zolotor, A. J., Barr, R. G., Murphy, R. A., Barr, M., . . . Nocera, M. (2009). Designing and Testing a Shaken Baby Syndrome Prevention Program - The Period of PURPLE Crying: Keeping Babies Safe in North Carolina. Social Marketing Quarterly, 15(4), 2-24.

Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., & Dougall, E. K. (2009). Tailoring Hospital Education Materials for The Period of PURPLE Crying: Keeping Babies Safe in North Carolina Media Campaign. Social Marketing Quarterly, 15(4), 49-64.

Hennink-Kaminski, H. J., & Dougall, E. K. (2009). Myths, Mysteries, and Monsters: When Shaken Babies Make the News. Social Marketing Quarterly, 15(4), 25-48.

Parent Focus Groups

Focus Groups on Period of PURPLE Crying© Program PURPLE Video and Booklet Material:
In 2004, Dan Jones and Associates of Salt Lake City, Utah, USA were hired to conduct the United States Parent Focus Groups on the PURPLE materials. The primary purpose was to obtain in-depth understanding about attitudes regarding infant crying, what people know about SBS, and how new parents cope with incessant crying by their infants.

A total of six focus group sessions were conducted on September 28 - 29, 2004. Prospective participants were screened to ensure that they had infants six months old or younger. A total of 63 people participated in the research: 42 new moms and 21 new dads. Males and females were separated by groups and represented a broad range of socio-economical and geographical areas within the Salt Lake City, Utah metropolitan area.

Canadian Parent Focus Groups: Prevent SBS British Columbia also coordinated the evaluation of the PURPLE educational materials from the National Center on Shaken Baby syndrome for their suitability to the Canadian culture in 2004. Samsara Communications was hired to facilitate the focus group presentations, to train project personnel to appropriately handle the comments from participants, and to elicit feedback from participants. MTM Research was hired to analyze the results and report the key findings.

In order to meet the objectives, 8 focus group sessions were conducted between June 1st and November 16th, 2004 throughout the Vancouver, Vancouver Island and Fraser Valley Health regions. These areas included Chilliwack, Duncan, Port Moody, Richmond, Surrey, and Vancouver. A total of 66 parents (59 mothers, 6 fathers, and 1 elder) representing various backgrounds of race, economic status and family makeup participated. Participants were biological or adoptive parents of infants <6 months old (excluding the elder) and were proficient in spoken and written English.

Focus Groups on the Period of PURPLE Crying Program's Crying, Soothing and Coping: Doing What Comes Naturally Video:
In 2011, three focus groups were conducted to gather feedback on the feelings and perceptions of the narrations and content for the newly developed supplemental film on soothing and coping strategies called Crying, Soothing and Coping: Doing What Comes Naturally. The focus groups were held in Chicago, Salt Lake City and Atlanta. The focus groups in Chicago and Atlanta were conducted by Beall Research and Training. In Chicago, the focus group consisted of 12 fathers with children under two years of age. The age of participants ranged from 23 to 47. In Atlanta, the focus group consisted of 12 mothers with children under two years of age. The age of participants ranged from 18 to 39. Dan Jones and Associates conducted the Salt Lake City focus group that consisted of 9 mothers with children under the age of two. All focus groups were made up of individuals with diverse social, socio-economic, nationality and educational backgrounds.

The feedback from these three focus groups allowed the NCSBS to refine the content and narration to ensure the film was acceptable and helpful to a wide range of parents and caregivers. A full report on the focus groups conducted for the Crying, Soothing and Coping film is available from the NCSBS upon request.

Focus Groups on Period of PURPLE Crying Program Translations:
Translation Focus Group Testing: Prevent SBS British Columbia and the NCSBS staff have coordinated focus groups in the process of translating the PURPLE materials into several languages. The goal of the translation project for the Period of PURPLE Crying is to receive a culturally sensitive, accurately translated product that keeps the clarity and cohesiveness of the message.

There were additional measures added to ensure our specific translation project received the highest quality product. First, an initial focus group made up of five qualified and working healthcare interpreters analyzed the materials in order to provide suggestions to the translator in difficult areas. Secondly, once the unilingual parent focus group had viewed the product in the subject language and adjustments were made, an English back translation was requested from a separate translator with no previous knowledge of the product.

Translation focus groups will continue to occur with each new language chosen. As of June 23, 2016, the program has been translated into the following languages: Cantonese, Punjabi, Spanish (Mexican-dialect), Korean, Vietnamese, Japanese, French, Portuguese (Brazilian Dialect), Somali and Arabic. Through the process it has become very apparent that the program messages are relevant to all parents, of all kinds of families in all the cultures included in this process. It was a very rewarding process to know the program was valued by so many.

Contact

National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome
1433 N 1075 W, Suite 110
Farmington, Utah 84025

office: (801) 447-9360
fax: (801) 447-9364

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National Center on Shaken Baby Syndrome - PURPLE Crying

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The Period of PURPLE Crying program is an evidence-based shaken baby syndrome/abusive head trauma (SBS/AHT) prevention program available since 2007. The program has two aims: 1. To support parents and caregivers in their understanding of early increased infant crying2.

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Learn about the impact of Breastfeeding on SIDS and get help finding free, local breast feeding resources in Milwaukee.

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Learn the basics about Shaken Baby Syndrome

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Shaken Baby Syndrome Handout - English & Spanish (1)

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Watch a brief video on the Take 5 approach to preventing Shaken Baby Syndrome.

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Learn the basics of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).

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SIDS basics in Espanol

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Take a deeper dive and learn more about SIDS from the NIH National Institute of Child Health and Development.

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the term used to describe the sudden death of a baby younger than 1 year of age that doesn't have a known cause, even after a full investigation.

Healthcare providers, law enforcement, and others investigate infant deaths to figure out what caused them. This investigation includes a complete autopsy, examining the death scene, and reviewing the clinical history. If they cannot determine a cause of death for the baby or explain why the baby died, the medical examiner or coroner may categorize the death as SIDS.

What causes SIDS?

Researchers do not know exactly what causes SIDS. However, they do have an informed idea, or theory, that may explain how SIDS happens. It's called the Triple-Risk Model.

If a baby dies suddenly or unexpectedly during sleep, is it always SIDS?

No. SIDS is not the cause of every sudden or unexpected death of a baby during sleep.

The death of a baby that is sudden and unexpected and that doesn't have an obvious cause before an investigation is called a Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID). SUID is an umbrella category that includes all sudden, unexpected infant deaths-those from known causes, such as an injury or accident, and those from unknown causes, such as SIDS. SIDS is one type of SUID that occurs during sleep.

A baby can die during sleep from causes other than SIDS. Sleep itself does not cause SIDS or other sleep-related deaths.

How common is SIDS?

About 3,000 SUIDs occur in the United States every year. Of those, more than 1 in 3 are from SIDS. Learn more about SIDS and other sleep-related infant deaths data and statistics.

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden death of a baby before age 1 that is unexplained even after a full investigation.

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For the first year of life babies should sleep Alone, placed on their Back, on a firm, flat surface in their own Crib, and in a Smoke-free environment. We call this the ABC's of Safe Sleep.

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American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on Infant Safe Sleep

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American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations on Infant Safe Sleep

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Learn more about the ABC's of Safe Sleep by reading about the American Academy of Pediatrics policy on Infant Safe Sleep!

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How to Keep Your Sleeping Baby Safe: AAP Policy Explained

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​No one knows exactly what causes SIDS, so there's no guaranteed way to prevent it. However, creating a safe sleep environment can help reduce your baby's risk of SIDS. On the other hand, we do know what causes accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed.

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(Espanol) Learn about Breastfeeding and SIDS and find free local breastfeeding resources in Milwaukee

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SP - Breastfeeding & Education Resources

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Check out this link from the Office on Women's Health to learn much more about Breastfeeding!

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Skip to main content

The .gov means it's official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site.

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Research shows that breastfeeding provides many health benefits for you and your baby. But it also can be difficult to manage breastfeeding in today's hurried world. Learning all you can before you give birth can help. The decision to breastfeed is a personal one. As a new mom, you deserve support no matter how you decide to feed your baby.
Top questions about breastfeeding

All material contained on these pages are free of copyright restrictions and may be copied, reproduced, or duplicated without permission of the Office on Women's Health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Citation of the source is appreciated.

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Skip to main content The .gov means it's official. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. The site is secure. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

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(Espanol) Instalación del corralito portátil proporcionado actualmente por el Programa de Sueño Seguro del Departamento de Salud de Milwaukee:

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(Espanol) Instalación del corralito portátil proporcionado actualmente por el Programa de Sueño Seguro del Departamento de Salud de Milwaukee:

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Por favor, vea el video anterior para ver el corralito portátil que el Programa de Sueño Seguro del Departamento de Salud de Milwaukee proporciona actualmente a los participantes que cumplen con los requisitos. Este video muestra claramente cómo armar y desarmar el corralito. (Tenga en cuenta que muchos corralitos portátiles son similares pero este video se refiere especificamente al modelo que utilizamos en nuestro programa).

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Cribette Instructional Video - Spanish Subtitles