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Pros: Single Europe will raise the economic integration which could lead to the development of productivity across the European region. Other than that, this condition could lead to a better political stability and cooperation in general because similar policies could help to demolish common challenges. Moreover, a single Europe could provide sustainability in global affairs which could help Europe to deal with other superpower countries like the US and China. Lastly, it has proven that single Europe is more ethical when it comes to cultural exchange and understanding whereas people from different countries will do more communication between each other.

Cons: a major impact of decision making of the regional sector could lead to a fall of sovereignty as some regions might be subjective as well when it comes to building an economic integration. Moreover, A single Europe could expand political tensions and disagreements because each region might have different urges because countries tend to be more individualistic in making policies.

Wymeersch, E. (2007). The Structure of Financial Supervision in Europe: About Single Financial Supervisors, Twin Peaks and Multiple Financial Supervisors. European Business Organization Law Review (EBOR), 8(2), 237-306. doi:10.1017/S1566752907002376

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Rencie Tweide Renata - 2540118776
Safira Naila Saugiputri - 2502042435
Shamyl Mohammad Sani - 2501993730
Tinezia Romena Adrian - 2502042744
Zahra Salsabila Ridzka - 2502048653
Leony Abigail Pandelaki - 2101657455
Rakia Yudhistiranda Setiawan - 2101676611

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The 1980s is a new era in the political arena in Europe. There are new figures who seek to increase cooperation in the European Union region. Jacque Delrous who is the President of the EEC (European Economic Community), who was the  President of the EEC  played an important role in the integration of the European region. He made revisions to the 1957 Rome agreement by establishing a single European act, especially in the European single market. At that time the British Prime Minister considered that this Steps could overcome free trade barriers (EU History Series n.d.).

Jacques Delors: Architect of the modern European Union | Think Tank | European Parliament. (n.d.). https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/EPRS_BRI(2020)652009

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Opponents: By a vote of 80 to 75 on January 21, 1986, the Danish Parliament rejected the draft Act. In doing so, its members demanded that the intergovernmental negotiations be restarted. In response to the categorical rejection of its European counterparts, the Danish government called for a national referendum on the entire Act. The Council established February 17, 1986, as the date for the signing of the SEA on January 27, without even awaiting the outcome of the Danish referendum (CVCE eu, n.d.).

Reference:
CVCE eu. (n.d.). The signing of the Single European Act. CVCE eu. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://www.cvce.eu/obj/the_signing_of_the_single_european_act-en-d29e6c74-ba4d-4160-abc0-1f1d327bfaae.html

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pros: European integration is considered to have promoted peace and stability in Europe. By establishing common institutions, fostering diplomatic cooperation and promoting shared values, the EU has contributed to the prevention of conflict between member states.

cons: European integration has also created economic disparities among member states, with some countries facing economic challenges such as high unemployment and debt burdens.

Muguruza, C. C. (2005). Criticizing the EU Security Strategy: the EU as a regional cooperative security provider. Revista Electronica De Estudios Internacionales.

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Pros : There was a possibility that European Countries could be united as one. For example, if we see from the perspectives of the locations of each country which are very near and small to one another, it can give more advantages. If Europe becomes one country, it can build new powers. A Federation would create a new superpower, allowing Europe to stand up to the US and compete on the global stage. Europe can also be a  major force in the world of the arts (music, film, and television) And a pioneer in academia, research, and technology (including the ESA, CERN, and universities).

Cons : The EU's transparency falls well short of what it ought to be. The European Commission is not elected, although the European Parliament is. The Commission has a lot of power and influence, but it isn't being held accountable in a fair manner. Considering that would require a treaty modification. The European Union is a collection of sovereign nations that share a common government. Both the member nations and the EU are one entity. Based on a ratified treaty that establishes form and function, member states govern the EU. Members benefit from a closer union thanks to the Rome Treaty. This is a method rather than an end in itself. The member states already possess the tools necessary for an ever-closer union. It is up to them how they employ this method. Last but not least, The topic of immigration is another contentious one, but it is nonetheless essential to the Leave camp. This is not about being anti-immigrant. However, we ought to be able to limit the number of visitors. The influx of migrants cannot be stopped until that control is reclaimed. (Christian Action, Research and Education, 2016)

Reference:
Christian Action, Research and Education. (2016, May). EU: Pros and Cons. https://care.org.uk/sites/default/files/EU%20Pros%20and%20Cons%20article.pdf

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Proponents : One of the supporters of the Single European Act program is the UK. The reason is because the UK has a close relationship with Europe regarding the value of the UK's Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which has moved forward positively while being a member country (Saviar, 2017). The Single European Act (SEA), which was finalized and adopted in December 1985 by the Foreign Ministers of the Ten on the basis of the political agreement which was so painfully achieved following the Luxembourg European Council of 2 and 3 December 1985 (Luxembourg Centre For Contemporary And Digital History).

References :

Luxembourg Centre For Contemporary And Digital History. (n.d.). The signing of the Single European Act - Subject files. CVCE eu. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://www.cvce.eu/en/collections/unit-content/-/unit/df06517b-babc-451d-baf6-a2d4b19c1c88/6d24b681-9251-4e31-8246-6f6ada5bc5e9

Saviar, Y. M. (2017). Mengapa Brexit? Faktor-Faktor Di Balik Penarikan Inggris Dari Keanggotaan Uni Eropa. Repository UNAIR. Retrieved May 21, 2023, from https://repository.unair.ac.id/67835/1/Fis.HI.39.17%20.%20Sav.m%20-%20JURNAL.pdf

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Rakia Yudhistiranda Setiawan - 2101676611

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Rakia Yudhistiranda Setiawan - 2101676611

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Pros: In terms of economic integration, the single entity of a European community could potentially boost the macroeconomics side of the states and therefore the Single Market has enhanced trade flows by removing trade tariffs and lowering non-tariff obstacles, which has improved output and domestic demand. The opening up of domestic economies has also encouraged competition, which has led to lower markups and cheaper pricing exclusive to the region (Veld, 2019). Other than that, the addition of integration of a single entity could also protect the rights of one collective issue regarding political or even social sectors, one example is the liberation of equality across the continent when connected to cultural and social structures (Council of Europe , 2008).

Cons: Structural weaknesses of each of European states could be considered as one of single Europe’s prominent issue since the combination of many diverse structural integrity and national decree on interests between countries, the harder it is to spot internal affairs that could cause major changes along with the flow of worldwide globalization and higher resource competition (European Commision, 2020).

References:

Council of Europe . (2008). White Paper on Intercultural Dialogue: “Living Together As Equals in Dignity”. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Ministers of Foreign Affairs.

European Commision. (2020). Communication From the Commision: Europe 2020 - A European for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Brussels: European Commision.

Veld, J. i. (2019). The economic benefits of the EU Single Market in goods and services. Journal of Policy Modeling, 41, 806-815.