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English Language Proficiency Standards - these are important to include in the language objectives when lesson planning and for determining which language domains are begin addressed with the lesson.

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Proficiency Level Descriptors - these are important to refer to when monitoring the progress of the English learners. They also serve as reminders of what students can do at each level of proficiency within each domain of language.

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https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/federal-policy-and-english-learners
→ I chose this because it summarizes key legislation like ESSA and Title III in a way that’s easy for teachers to apply to their classrooms.

https://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/oela/english-learner-toolkit/index.html
→ This toolkit helps schools meet legal requirements for ELs and includes helpful planning tools and checklists.

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https://tea.texas.gov/sites/default/files/English%20Learner%20Program%20Models%20Overview.pdf
→ This PDF outlines bilingual and ESL program models in Texas and helps me understand what’s required by law and what works best in different settings.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlODizUHD6w
→ This short video gives real classroom examples of different program models like dual language and ESL pull-out.

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https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/stephen-krashens-theory-second-language-acquisition
→ Krashen’s theory is foundational, and this article explains it in a way that’s easy to understand and use in practice.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Kt3Nn9nO-k
→ This video compares how students learn a first language versus a second language and why it matters for EL instruction.

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1. http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/frameset.html
→ This interactive site helps me learn how English sounds are made, which is helpful when supporting pronunciation and speaking skills.

2. https://www.cal.org/resource-center/publications-products/2019/understanding-english-grammar
→ This guide explains English grammar structures clearly and gives strategies for teaching them to ELs.

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https://www.oxfordseminars.com/blog/overview-10-english-teaching-methods/
→ This article outlines key ESL teaching methods across time, helping me understand their strengths and how to choose one for different learners.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHqAE3VPl_Y
→ This visual overview shows how ESL methods have changed and includes examples like the communicative approach and TPR.

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1. https://wida.wisc.edu/teach/can-do/descriptors
→ These descriptors help me set realistic oral language goals for ELs depending on their proficiency level.

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m8FZzUUIUZc
→ This video gives clear examples of oral language strategies like turn-and-talk, sentence stems, and modeling language.

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https://www.readingrockets.org/article/literacy-instruction-english-language-learners
→ This article gives step-by-step ways to teach phonics, vocabulary, and comprehension to ELs.

https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/writing-instruction-english-language-learners
→ This page has strategies like sentence frames and graphic organizers that support ELs in learning to write.

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https://www.pbs.org/speak/
→ This interactive site explores different regional and social varieties of English, helping me better understand my future students' language backgrounds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GEv3k1z7xrE
→ I chose this to show how English can sound different based on where someone is from, which helps normalize accent and dialect diversity.

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https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/sites/teacheng/files/pub_Managing_multilingual_classroom.pdf
→ This guide includes real strategies for making a multilingual classroom more inclusive and effective.

https://www.edutopia.org/article/3-ways-be-more-culturally-responsive-classroom
→ This article shares tips on validating student cultures and creating a welcoming space for all learners.

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1. https://wida.wisc.edu/resources/academic-language
→ WIDA’s guide shows how to break down academic language for subjects like math and science in ways ELs can understand.

2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mi2XJ-gE2y0
→ This explains what academic language is and why it matters when planning lessons for ELs.

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https://www.cal.org/siop/pdfs/lesson-plans/writing-language-objectives.pdf
→ This document helps me write clear and measurable language objectives to go with content objectives.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3U9nFFSnqHc
→ This video breaks down how to write language objectives by student language level, which is super helpful for differentiation.

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https://www.colorincolorado.org/article/math-instruction-english-language-learners
→ This guide provides visuals, modeling, and sentence stems that help ELs succeed in math.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VGXyAvTOxK0
→ I picked this because it shows real examples of teaching math vocabulary and concepts to ELs through visuals and interactive strategies.

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https://static.nsta.org/files/sc1104_34.pdf
→ This article explains how to scaffold science instruction with EL-friendly strategies like word walls and hands-on investigations.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YlL4FHzsKHg
→ This video shows ELs learning science through inquiry and visuals, which helped me see what effective science teaching looks like.

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https://www.learningforjustice.org/magazine/fall-2016/supporting-english-learners-in-the-social-studies-classroom
→ This article shows how to make social studies content accessible through visuals, discussion, and student background knowledge.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYJliGFKre8
→ This video gives strategies like timelines, visuals, and group discussions to help ELs engage in social studies content.

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1. https://wida.wisc.edu/assess/assessments/ACCESS
→ This explains WIDA’s ACCESS assessment, which measures EL progress and helps guide instruction and placement.

2. https://www.edutopia.org/article/how-assess-english-language-learners-effectively
→ I selected this because it shares best practices for making assessments fair for ELs, like using visuals, translated instructions, and portfolios.