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Tallying used by prehistoric human to perform counting. Ishango Bone is one of the remain that prehistoric human uses mathematics with their own needs. Ishango bone is a Baboon Fibula with three distinct columns of tally marks.

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3000 BCE: Birth of Mathematics in Ancient Mesopotamia

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3000 BCE: Birth of Mathematics in Ancient Mesopotamia

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The Sumerians and Babylonians developed the first known number system. They created a base-60 (sexagesimal) system that we still use today for measuring time and angles, they develop this mathematical concept for their trading, administration and astronomy. They also developed sophisticated mathematical tables and could solve complex algebraic equations.

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Babylonians wrote their numbers using Wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets. This was an extremely important development because non-place-value systems require unique symbols to represent each power of a base (ten, one hundred, one thousand, and so forth), which can make calculations more difficult.

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Ancient Egyptians developed sophisticated mathematical concepts for architecture and astronomy. The famous Rhind Papyrus provide valuable insights into their Mathematical Knowledge. Egyptian fractions, are representations of rational numbers as sums of distinct unit fractions (fractions with a numerator of 1). They used unit fractions like 1/2, 1/3, 1/4, etc., and the fraction 2/3 had a special symbol. Any other fraction was written as a sum of these unit fractions.

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Hieroglyphics were the formal writing system used in ancient Egypt to represent their language. They combined ideographic, logographic, syllabic, and alphabetic elements, with over 1,000 distinct characters. They represented numbers using hieroglyphs, with distinct symbols for 1, 10, 100, 1000, and so on.

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Thales of Miletus becomes the first known Greek mathematician, introducing logical proof in mathematics. He proved several geometric theorems, including that a circle is bisected by its diameter.

He is credited with laying the groundwork for geometry, astronomy, and rational thinking, and is often considered the "father of philosophy".

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Pythagoras establishes his famous school, discovering the relationship between mathematics and music, and proving the theorem that bears his name. The Pythagoreans also discovered irrational numbers, though they initially rejected their existence.

his belief in the mathematical nature of reality, the transmigration of souls, and the importance of harmony and order in the cosmos.

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Pythagoras is best known for the Pythagorean theorem, which states that in a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares of the other two sides.

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Euclid of Alexandria, known as the "Father of Geometry," made profound contributions to mathematics through his work "Elements," which systematized geometric knowledge and established a rigorous axiomatic method for geometric proofs. His work laid the foundation for Euclidean geometry, which influenced mathematics and science for centuries influencing mathematical thinking for over 2000 years.

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Euclid's contributions include works on number theory, perspective, mathematical rigour, conic sections, number theory and spherical geometry.

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Archimedes makes groundbreaking discoveries in geometry and mechanics. He calculated an accurate approximation of π, developed methods for calculating areas and volumes of curved surfaces, and laid the foundations for calculus.

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Indian mathematicians, including Aryabhata, develop the decimal place value system and the concept of zero. They make significant advances in trigonometry and algebra, introducing negative numbers and the foundations of calculus.

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Persian mathematician Al-Khwarizmi writes 'Kitab al-Jabr,' introducing systematic solutions of linear and quadratic equations. The word 'algebra' comes from the title of his book, and 'algorithm' derives from his name.

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1200 CE: Fibonacci Introduces Arabic Numerals

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1200 CE: Fibonacci Introduces Arabic Numerals

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Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) introduces Arabic numerals to Europe through his book 'Liber Abaci.' He also describes the famous Fibonacci sequence, which appears throughout nature and art.

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René Descartes creates analytic geometry, connecting algebra and geometry. Meanwhile, Newton and Leibniz independently develop calculus, revolutionizing our understanding of change and motion in mathematics.

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In our Days mathematics has a lot more ideas that is not yet discovered and it may also used for better lifestyle and for technology.