# data[].attributes.body
Predictive coding is a theoretical framework proposing that brain makes predictions based on sensory input. It is similar to top-down processing.

# data[].attributes.body
Habituation is a psychological process that is made by repeated exposure to a stimulus that leads to a decreased response and sensitivity over time. It is the opposite of conditioning

# data[].attributes.body
Feedback Signals are information cues that inform us about the effectiveness of our cognitive processes

# data[].attributes.body
Dual-code theory says that memory and cognition have separate but interconnected systems to function, both for verbal/linguistic information and for verbal/visual information.

# data[].attributes.body
Categorization is using concepts to place objects into categories.

# data[].attributes.body
A way to organize concepts by making a collection of instances.

# data[].attributes.body
A mental representation. It is all the knowledge that one has about a category. It allows us to make inferences

# data[].attributes.body
Syllogisms are a form of reasoning composed of two premises and one conclusion.

# data[].attributes.body
Deductive reasoning is drawing a conclusion from general premises.

# data[].attributes.body
Inductive reasoning is drawing a general conclusion from specific observations.

# data[].attributes.body
Problems in cognition are defined as obstacles that we have to go around them.

# data[].attributes.body
Cognitive neuroscience is the interdisciplinary of how the brain activity is linked to cognition. Some examples of cognitive processes are perception, language, thinking and memory.

# data[].attributes.body
The phenomenon of individuals failing to detect significant changes due to limitations in attention.

# data[].attributes.body
selective attention is when individuals tend to focus on one stimuli and ignore others, allowing for prioritization, which is crucial for surviving.

# data[].attributes.body
Optic ataxia is a neurological disorder characterized by deficits in visual guided reaching and grasping movements due to the damage to the parietal lobe of the brain

# data[].attributes.body
Gestalt principles are the rules that describe how humans organize visual information into coherent patterns as a whole.

# data[].attributes.body
Bottom-up processing start with incoming sensory information

# data[].attributes.body
Top-down processing starts with knowledge, experience and expectation.

# data[].attributes.body
Damage to the fusiform face area results in prosopagnosia.

# data[].attributes.body
A module is an area in the brain specialized for a specific function.

# data[].attributes.body
A neurologist named as Carl Wernicke, found some patients with speech deficits. His patients spoke with no grammatical issue however their speech was incoherent and they had deficits in their temporal lobe.

# data[].attributes.body
A deficit in speaking which is characterized as loss of grammatical structure with the loss of preposition usage. This deficit was found by Paul Broca. Broca found that all his patients had problem in specific part in the frontal lobe of their brain which is now called Broca's Area.

# data[].attributes.body
Paul Broca was a clinical physician who built the path of understanding the function of each part of the brain (localization).

# data[].attributes.body
fMRI uses the same magnets of MRI machine, however it has a different purpose than a MRI test. It detects oxygen that is being carried by the hemoglobin.

# data[].attributes.body
MRI is a machine that humans go inside and the device produces an strong electro-magnetic field. MRI makes the atoms to align with each other for measuring how long does it take for the atoms of each area to align with one another and then with a radio wave, brings atoms out of the alignment. The purpose of MRI is to create an image of specific parts of the body.

# data[].attributes.body
Neuro-imaging helps us to visualize the structures of the brain. It can be about either the function of the brain or the structure.

# data[].attributes.body
Before the existence of science, people studied philosophy and were thinking about the purpose of life and other important philosophical matters. The very first school of thought in psychology was structuralism. Behaviourism which is what led to cognitive psychology, was a reaction to structuralism.

# data[].attributes.body
Because he had no father to kill

# data[].attributes.headline
Why the chameleon went to the psychologist?

# data[].attributes.subject
Why the chameleon went to the psychologist?

# data[].attributes.body
He had shape-shifting disorder

# data[].attributes.body
Because the road was in a poor condition

# data[].attributes.body
Ivan Pavlov is the founder of classical conditioning. Pavlov was very interested in digestion and salivation and he wanted to try conditioning dogs and measuring their reactions.

# data[].attributes.body
Hermann Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to study pure memory. What Ebbinghaus found was that information that was kept inside the mind for few days would probably last for a longer time, which brought us to the concept of long-term memory.

# data[].attributes.body
William James was a philosopher who advocated to functionalism. He had the goal to understand the function of the mind and how does it works.

# data[].attributes.body
Wilhelm Wundt is the person who opened the first lab of psychology. Wundt advocated for the structuralism approach. He used introspection to uncover basic elements of the mind.

# data[].attributes.body
Rene Descartes doubted everything as a way to seek the truth. He doubted that he has a body, he doubted what he was seeing and feeling. However Descartes could not doubt that he is able of thinking, because philosophically, it is impossible to doubt something that you are already doing while doubting it. Which led him to create "Cartesian Dualism".

# data[].attributes.body
The royal society was funded by the kings and it was made for group of natural philosophers to do their experiments to understand the natural world (material world).

# data[].attributes.body
Age of enlightenment is a age of rapid intellectual development in Europe that caused the scientific method to born.

# data[].attributes.body
Cognitive psychology is the scientific study of the mind. It is similar to folk psychology or the psychology of commonsense. However, it is based on scientific facts. This type of psychology focuses on mental processes and mental representations, such as perception, attention, and memory.

# data[].attributes.body
Consciousness is our subjective experience of the world, bodies and mental processes.