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Light is a form of energy that can be seen by the eye. Light allows people with eyesight to see the things around them. Light also helps people perceive colors. All light is white.

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Light ray diagrams are used to show how light travels in a straight line and in many different directions. A person can only see light coming from an object if the light enters their eye.

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If light from a point source travels through a pinhole, it will continue to travel in a straight line. After traveling through the pinhole, the light will produce a dot that is directly in line with the light's path.

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When a "blocker" is placed in the path of light coming from a point source, a shadow is produced on the screen in the same shape as the blocker.

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When light is reflected off of a shiny surface, each ray obey's the Law of Reflection. i=r

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As light reflects off of a non-shiny surface, each light ray reflects in many different directions. Anyone who looks at the surface will be able to see the object due to light entering their eye.

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Refraction is defined as the phenomenon that occurs when lights passes through one transparent material into another. When this happens, the light changes the direction in which it was traveling.

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Refraction (Dense & Less Dense Materials)

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Refraction (Dense & Less Dense Materials)

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Angles in less dense material are bigger, while angles in more dense materials are smaller. 100% of light can reflect back into dense material, causing the light to get trapped. This happens when refraction to the less dense material stops due to the large angles of incidence.

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Total internal reflection happens when the angle of incidence is equal to or greater than 50°, causing all of the light to reflect back and allowing none to leave the material.

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The complete color spectrum is divided into three broad bands, Red (R), Green (G), and Blue (B). Each band is sensitive to a specific color/area of the spectrum.

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Color addition is a process that happens when equal intensities of one or more colors from the color spectrum enter one's eyes at the same time. Examples are listed above.

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Color subtraction happens when a color gel/filter is used to absorb certain color bands as light passes through them.

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Although all light is white, we are able to see colors. This is because certain objects are able to absorb and reflect different colors. A green object absorbs red and blue, reflecting only green.

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When light hits a shiny surface, the angle of reflection (r) is always equal to the angle of incidence (i). These angles are defined in relation to the normal line, which is always shown perpendicular to the point where light strikes a surface.