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Small Group Instruction & How to Make it Effective Article from Core Learning

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Small Group Instruction & How to Make it Effective Article from Core Learning

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Teacher Professional Learning | Literacy, Math | MTSS

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Small Group Instruction: How to Make it Effective

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Small group instruction and cooperative learning have a significant impact on student achievement and this piece describes why.

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UFLI Foundations: Progress Monitoring and Differentiation

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UFLI Foundations: Progress Monitoring and Differentiation

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UFLI Foundations: Progress Monitoring and Differentiation

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Copy of Copy of UFLI SMALL GROUP PLANNING 

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Lesson Structure | UF Literacy Institute

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Progress Monitoring Assessment Template Option 1

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Progress Monitoring Assessment Template Option 1

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Copy of Progress Monitoring Assessment Template

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The Sound Wall materials provided here align with the UFLI Foundations lessons. Included in the UFLI Sound Wall set are the following:

phoneme cards with mouth pictures to represent the articulatory gesture associated with each phoneme,

labels for the sound wall displays, including the place and manner of articulation for consonants, and

grapheme cards that can be added to the sound wall one at a time, as the grapheme-phoneme correspondences are taught.

We have also provided printable version of the Individual Sound wall charts. You may choose to glue them into a file folder for each student or print them front/back to laminate. These may also be enlarged and printed as posters if your classroom space does not allow for the full UFLI Sound Wall displays.
Individual Sound Wall: Consonants Individual Sound Wall: Vowels

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Printable Resources | UF Literacy Institute

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The Sound Wall materials provided here align with the UFLI Foundations lessons. Included in the UFLI Sound Wall set are the following: phoneme cards with mouth pictures to represent the articulatory gesture associated with each phoneme, labels for the sound wall displays, including the place and manner of articulation for consonants, and grapheme cards that can be added to the sound wall one at a time, as the grapheme-phoneme correspondences are taught.

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Tap It! Map It! Write It! Blend It! Chain It!

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Tap It! Map It! Write It! Blend It! Chain It!

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High-quality support and resources for the middle grades

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7 Mighty MOVES: Key Word Outline Resources

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7 Mighty MOVES: Key Word Outline Resources

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List of Free Decodables

The short vowels skill explainer has everything you need to teach this, including lesson plans, student practice activities, and videos of great classroom instruction.

Review of All Patterns Previously Taught

One-Syllable Magic 'e' (also known as Silent 'e') Words

Related Content

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Reading Universe | Free Decodable Texts for Each Phonics Skill

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Decodable texts are simple passages or books made for beginning readers that offer practice with specific phonics patterns.

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If you teach students to read, then you know how important building a base of phonemic awareness is. When students are aware of the sounds they are hearing, it helps them encode as they write or spell and decode as they read. Elkonin boxes can be a helpful part of that teaching process. Named after their creator, psychologist D.B. Elkonin, the boxes are a teaching tool that helps students break down words into their component sounds.

How do Elkonin boxes work? It's easy. Each time a student hears a new sound, they drag a colored circle into a new box. For example, the word "see" would have two circles. The first circle for the sound "s" and the second one for the sound "ee." Diagraph or combined letter sounds count as one phoneme. For example, for the word "sheep" there would be three circles for the sounds or phonemes /sh/ /ee/ /p/.

You can easily modify the online Elkonin boxes to fit your lessons by changing the color of the circles and the number of the boxes. Select the color from the drop-down menu by clicking on the blue circle. Tap on the number "2" to select the number of boxes. Clear the Elkonin boxes by pressing the restart symbol.

Visit classplayground.com for more resources and printables related to Elkonin boxes and literacy.

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Elkonin Boxes | Free Educational Activities | Toy Theater

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Online Elkonin boxes make early reading, phonics, and literacy lessons fun and exciting. Students will build awareness of sound and phonemes.

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Sound Boxes - free printable with writing the letter

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Sound Boxes - free printable with writing the letter

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What is Paragraph Shrinking & Class Wide Intervention?

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These routines are useful when students are struggling with a Phonological or Phonemic Skill. Each skill is scripted to provide students more support in acquiring the skill.  Once the skill is acquired, continue to use the routine with different words. 

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These routines are useful when students are struggling with a Phonological or Phonemic Skill. Each skill is scripted to provide students more support in acquiring the skill.  Once the skill is acquired, continue to use the routine with different words. 

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Read below for information regarding where to start instruction. 

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Read below for information regarding where to start instruction. 

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When students are showing a deficit in Phonological or Phonemic Awareness, locate the deficit skill on this continuum. One example of a deficit is students may struggle with First Sound Fluency. That skills is under the category of Identifying Onsets (beginning sounds), # 3 Isolating onset phoneme (initial sound) in spoken words. To help students master the skill, we may need to work backwards on this continuum. Instead of a single word with the same initial sound, try providing two words with same initial sound (#2) or a set of words with the same syllable (#1). If students are not successful with that support, move back to the Rhyming category.

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"How do you spell pet?" I asked my first-grade daughter. The global pandemic had just started and she was doing distance learning at home.

Her teacher gave an assignment. She needed to write an 8-sentence paragraph about her favorite type of pet.

She was in tears because she couldn't write the word pet. She literally couldn't hear the sounds in the word.

She didn't know where one sound ended and another began. She couldn't spell it if she couldn't break it apart.

At that moment, I realized she had a learning disability. We had a lot of work to do before she could spell or write.

We needed to work on breaking words into their individual sounds. Printable Elkonin Boxes are fantastic for developing this skill.

And it's not just for children with reading disabilities. All children need to be able to take apart words into sounds.

Using printable Elkonin Boxes is a simple way to work on hearing sounds and breaking apart words. Grab the free printable Elkonin Boxes today.
Disclosure: This post contains affiliate links. Read more here.
What are Elkonin Boxes?

Elkonin Boxes were first created by D. B. Elknonin. He was a psychologist who used them as a tool to make sounds concrete for children.

Children simply have a set of boxes - either on a printable or on a whiteboard. Then an adult says a word to the children.

They push a token, piece of paper, or small toy into an Elkonin Box for each sound they hear.

Elkonin Boxes are an incredibly powerful tool for developing phonemic awareness skills in children.

Printable Elkonin Boxes

As I've shared about using Elkonin Boxes on social media, it became clear that parents and teachers wanted printable Elkonin Boxes.

Sure, you can make or draw your own. But sometimes you just need the convenience of a done-for-you printable.

You just slip these free Elkonin Boxes worksheets inside a plastic page protector or a dry erase sleeve. Grab any manipulative you have at home or in the classroom.

You could use coins, legos, small cars, game tokens, or little blocks. A manipulative is just a small item that makes learning concrete for children.

And you're ready to help your learner develop their reading and spelling skills.

You can grab these free printable Elkonin boxes by entering your information in the box below. It is a gift for the Printable Parents' email subscribers.

Simply enter your name and email address. Let me know if you're a parent, a teacher, or a teacher who is also a parent. That way, I'll send you the correct type of emails.

You're always welcome to unsubscribe but I think you'll like what I have to share.

Free Printable Blank Elkonin Boxes

There are four pages in the free printable Elkonin Boxes download. The first page is:

Elkonin Boxes with 2, 3, 4, and 5 phonemes on a page

I recommend everyone start with this first Elkonin box page. The primary purpose of Elkonin Boxes, as mentioned above, is to develop phonemic awareness.

You want to be sure your learner can segment and blend phonemes prior to adding letters into the mix. Like the story I shared about my daughter, they cannot spell with letters until they can hear sounds.

Once your child is ready, you'll find these printable Elkonin Boxes templates helpful:

Boxes and lines for 3 phonemes (2 per page)

Boxes and lines for 4 phonemes (2 per page)

Boxes and lines for 5 phonemes (2 per page)

(Please note your child does need to know the alphabet! It's just separate from this at first.)
How do you use Elkonin Boxes?

For younger learners and struggling readers, I recommend you start with just 2 or 3 phonemes. They might even need to start with 2 sound words like:

It is much better to start with the simplest and build up to more complicated words. You want to reduce frustration and struggle as quickly as possible.

Then move on to words with 3 sounds like:

When you see a good understanding of those, you can try four phoneme words.

Elkonin Boxes for Phonics

Another way to use Elkonin boxes is to build phonics and spelling skills.

Once your child can segment words with just a manipulative, you can begin to introduce using letters.

Just grab a dry erase marker or letter magnets to build words. After your child segments the word, they can push the counters right above the boxes.

Then they write the letters that spell the sounds in the boxes.

Elkonin Boxes Examples

Here are some real-life examples of using Elkonin boxes.

Elkonin Boxes for CVC Words

CVC words almost always have three sounds. So you'll want to use the Elkonin Box printable with space for three sounds.

Let's see an example for a CVC word like "cat:"

STEP 1:

Put out counters or other manipulatives.

Say cat.

Segment the sounds to /k/ /a/ /t/.

Place one counter as you say each sound.

STEP 2:

If your child has good letter-sound knowledge, you can introduce letters.

Push up the first counter.

Spell the /k/ sound with a c.

Push up the second counter.

Spell the /a/ sound with an a.

Push up the third counter.

Spell the /t/ sound with a t.

Example with the Letter X

The exception is words that end with X. The letter x actually spells two sounds /k/ and /s/.

Trying to say the word box out loud. Do you hear /b/ /o/ /k/ /s/?

When you use Elkonin Boxes with words with X, you will put a counter for each sound.

Elkonin Boxes for CVCe Words

Always wonder how to map that silent e? It goes either with the final consonant or outside the last box.

In the picture above, I put it with the final consonant. Just choose what makes the most sense to you and be consistent.

Let's see an example for a CVCe word like "hive:"

STEP 1:

STEP 2:

If your child has good letter-sound knowledge, you can introduce letters.

Push up the first counter.

Spell the /h/ sound with a h.

Push up the second counter.

Spell the long i sound with an i.

Push up the third counter.

Spell the /v/ sound with a v.

Explain there is a magic e that makes the vowel say its long sound.

Add the e.

Elkonin Boxes for Blends

A lot of people think that blends have one sound - but they actually have two distinct sounds.

So you want to make sure your learner places one counter for each sound.

Let's see an example for a word with both initial and final blends word like "plant:"

STEP 1:

Put out counters or other manipulatives.

Say plant.

Segment the sounds to /p/ /l/ /a/ /n/ /t/.

Place one counter as you say each sound.

STEP 2:

If your child has good letter-sound knowledge, you can introduce letters.

Push up the first counter.

Spell the /p/ sound with a p.

Push up the second counter.

Spell the /l/ sound with a l.

Push up the third counter.

Spell the /a/ sound with the letter a.

Push up the fourth counter.

Spell the /n/ sound with the letter n.

Push up the fifth counter.

Spell the /t/ sound with a letter t.

Elkonin Boxes for Digraphs

Digraphs can be another tricky word for parents and teachers. You map each digraph as one sound in Elkonin boxes.

Let's see an example for a word with two digraphs like "chicks:"

STEP 1:

STEP 2:

If your child knows about consonant digraphs, you can introduce letters.

Push up the first counter.

Spell the /ch/ sound with a ch in one box.

Push up the second counter.

Spell the /i/ sound with an i.

Push up the third counter.

Spell the /k/ sound with a ck.

Explain that in a one-syllable word with a short vowel, the final /k/ is spelled ck.

Push up the fourth counter.

Spell the /s/ sound with the suffix s.

Supplies for Printable Elkonin Boxes

These are my favorite supplies for printable Elkonin boxes.

Instead of laminating, I suggest using dry erase sleeves when possible.

Lamination can't be recycled. However, dry erase sleeves can be reused for years.

So if your child outgrows Elkonin boxes or you're a teacher who switches grades, you can simply recycle the Elkonin box printables. Then keep using your dry erase sleeves for other uses.

Elkonin Boxes Worksheets

If you're looking for print and go Elkonin Boxes Worksheets, you'll love the Word Mapping Worksheet Bundle.

It provides a structure for busy parents and teachers to cover the basic phonics skills:

CVC words

CVCe words

Consonant digraphs

Consonant blends

Bossy R Vowels

Vowel Teams and Diphthongs

Your learner will:

These Elkonin Box Worksheets are best done with an adult's guidance so you can make sure your child is correctly naming the pictures.

Elkonin Boxes Word Mapping Activity

I wanted a grab-and-go resource for my tutoring students. As an Orton-Gillingham-trained teacher, it's important to have a systematic way to teach and review all sounds.

These Word Mapping Activities are multisensory and structured to make literacy learning achievable.

You will:

Your child will:

You won't want to have to think about which words to map in Elkonin boxes. It's nice that an activity is already prepped for you and covers a ton of phonics skills.

CVC Hands On Cards

One of the most common questions I'm asked is: how do I teach my child CVC words?

I recommend these CVC Words Hands-on Cards. They are interactive and build solid skills.

You won't need to worry about your child guessing because they are applying their phonics skills from the beginning.

Your child will:

Say the picture name

Segment it into three sounds.

Spell the word with letter beads or magnets.

Read the word.

Recapping Elkonin Boxes Printables

Children need to be able to break apart, or segment, words into sounds to read and write.

Elkonin Boxes help make this complex skill concrete.

Your child simply places one manipulative for each phoneme, or sound ,in an Elkonin Box.

You can use these free Elkonin Box printables to develop phonemic awareness with your child.

There are Elkonin Boxes for two phonemes, three phonemes, four phonemes, and five phonemes.

You can use Elkonin Box printables with CVC words, CVCe words, digraphs, and blends.

If you need more structure, you can use Elkonin Box Worksheets.

Conclusion

It's a little mind-blowing. One simple hands-on activity can help children learn to read.

Phonemic awareness is critical for reading. Elkonin Boxes are a great tool to develop this important skill.

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Does your child need help breaking words into sounds? Use these printable Elkonin boxes to make phonemic awareness concrete.

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Elkonin boxes are a terrific tool for helping young learners break words down into their constituent sounds. This is a key skill they'll need as they begin to read and write. D. B. Elkonin popularized this method in the 1960s, and the boxes have become a staple of early education classrooms in the decades since. Also known as "sound boxes" or "blend boxes," they give kids a hands-on way to understand how sounds make up words.

Ready to give them a try? First, get our free Elkonin boxes printables. Then use these activities to introduce them to your students. They're ideal for group work, literacy centers, or individual practice at home!

Start with pictures instead of printed words

Since you want kids to focus on phonemic sounds instead of letters to begin with, use your boxes with pictures first. Start with words made up of two or three sounds, then move on to longer ones.

Learn more: Where the Magic Happens Teaching

Grab some markers or tokens

Source: Mrs. Winter's Bliss

Grab a handful of markers to use with your boxes. There are so many creative options-here are a few of our favorites.

Coins

Math cubes

LEGO bricks

Checkers or poker chips

Toy cars (drive them into the boxes!)

Small treats (gummy bears, M&Ms, grapes, etc.)

Slide markers into boxes as you sound out the word

Slowly sound out the word, sliding a marker into a box for each sound. Remember, you're not doing individual letters, so you may use fewer boxes than the number of letters in a word. In the example above, it might sound like this: "Kuh-Luh-Ah-Kuh." In phonemes, that's /k/ /l/ /o/ /k/.

Learn more: The Measured Mom

Emphasize beginning, middle, and end sounds

Arrows can be helpful in reminding students to read from left to right. Try using green, yellow, and red (like traffic signals) for beginning, middle, and ending sounds.

Learn more: Thrive Literacy Corners

Move on to letters

When you're ready, you can use Elkonin sound boxes with actual letters. Start with words that have simple phonemes instead of blends. Use alphabet magnets or beads, and slide them into place just like you did with the tokens. If you want, you can have kids practice writing the letters in the boxes instead.

Learn more: Playdough to Plato

Use phoneme blocks with Elkonin Boxes

As you start talking about letter blends, try using phoneme blocks in conjunction with sound boxes. ( Buy a set on Amazon here.) You can also just have students write the phonemes into the boxes.

Learn more: A Blog From the Pond

Set up an Elkonin Boxes center

Elkonin boxes are terrific for literacy centers. We love the idea of setting up small drawers of letter beads or magnets, along with a set of sound box cards. For a fun activity, provide a stack of magazines for kids to cut pictures out of and use with their boxes.

Learn more: The Kindergarten Pod

Use a light box for even more fun

Light boxes are all the rage right now, and you can pick them up for a steal. They make a fun twist on traditional Elkonin boxes!

Learn more: The Kindergarten Smorgasboard
Get Our Free Sound Box Printable
Do Elkonin boxes help your young readers build their skills? Come share your experiences in the WeAreTeachers HELPLINE on Facebook.

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Free Printable Elkonin Boxes, Plus Creative Ways to Use Them

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Elkonin boxes are a terrific tool for helping young learners break words down into their constituent sounds. This is a key skill they'll need as they begin to read and write. D. B. Elkonin popularized this method in the 1960s, and the boxes have become a staple of early education classrooms in the decades since.

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Free Explicit Phonics Lesson: WV Phonics

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Free Explicit Phonics Lesson: WV Phonics

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Each unit introduces approximately five or six high-utility academic "focus words" and is designed to offer a variety of texts, word-learning activities, writing tasks, and debate and/or discussion opportunities.

Each unit begins with a video newscast and a "Reader's Theater" that introduces multiple perspectives on a high-interest topic. Students read, discuss, debate, and write about each topic, using the focus words.

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WordGen Elementary: Content Area Literacy Strategies

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Expand your students' background knowledge & academic vocabulary with Wordgen Elementary, SERP's elementary reading, & content area literacy program.

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Teaching vocabulary is complex. What words are important for a child to know and in what context? In this excerpt from Bringing Words to Life: Robust Vocabulary Instruction, the authors consider what principles might be used for selecting which words to explicitly teach.

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NOTE: If you participated in the MSM-PREP research study and are looking for the toolkit used during your participation, please email christymurray@austin.utexas.edu so you can obtain the private link.

QUESTION GENERATION is a reading comprehension practice that teaches students to write questions about important information or facts from a text while they are reading. This helps students pause, think about what is being communicated, and how informatin relates across paragraphs. Studies have shown that this practice can increase comprehension of content area text.
Download our New Infographic to Share with Teachers! Download our New Infographic! Students use a 3-step process:
Step 1) Read a text, either in small groups, pairs, or independently.

Step 2) Pause at regular intervals to generate questions and record them in a learning log or journal.

Step 3) Answer questions and indicate where the answer was found in the text.

Students are taught to write two different types of questions: specific questions and wide questions

PD Module-Secondary Reading Instruction: Teaching Vocabulary and Comprehension in the Content Areas (IRIS Center)

Research to Practice Article in Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy (Middle School Matters)

Generating Questions Video Page (Texas Adolescent Literacy Academy)

Modeling Specific Questions (Middle School Matters)

Modeling Wide Questions (Middle School Matters)

Student Cue Card (Middle School Matters)

Question Log (Middle School Matters)

Classroom Poster (Middle School Matters)
Sources for Other Reading Passages
Contact us at msmi-info@meadowscenter.org

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NOTE: If you participated in the MSM-PREP research study and are looking for the toolkit used during your participation, please email christymurray@austin.utexas.edu so you can obtain the private link. QUESTION GENERATION is a reading comprehension practice that teaches students to write questions about important information or facts from a text while they are reading.

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High-quality support and resources for the middle grades

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Syllable Types, Syllable Division, and Multisyllabic Word Reading Procedure

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Syllable Types, Syllable Division, and Multisyllabic Word Reading Procedure

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IES Practice Guide: Improving Adolescent Literacy

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IES Practice Guide: Improving Adolescent Literacy

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List of Free Decodables

The short vowels skill explainer has everything you need to teach this, including lesson plans, student practice activities, and videos of great classroom instruction.

Review of All Patterns Previously Taught

One-Syllable Magic 'e' (also known as Silent 'e') Words

Related Content

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Reading Universe | Free Decodable Texts for Each Phonics Skill

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Decodable texts are simple passages or books made for beginning readers that offer practice with specific phonics patterns.

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Classwide Reading Intervention That Words!

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Classwide Reading Intervention That Words!

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11. A Classwide Reading Intervention that Works | 2022 Literacy Symposium

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Partner Reading Paragraph Shrinking Video from The Reading League

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Partner Reading Paragraph Shrinking Video from The Reading League

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The Reading League PA: Expert in Residence Series: Partner Reading, Paragraph Shrinking

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How To Build Fluency with Text in Your Classroom

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How To Build Fluency with Text in Your Classroom

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Word Connections: Lesson 1 Demonstration

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This reading intervention was developed and tested by Dr. Jessica Toste and colleagues at The University of Texas at Austin. The program materials were redesigned for open access by the Toste Team in October 2022. We are excited for you to use the Word Connections program! We look forward to continued feedback from teachers and students.

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PRPS Classwide Intervention - Lindsay Kemeny.pdf

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Free English uppercase and lowercase interactive alphabet arc to help students learn letter names, order, and shape.

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Free Alphabet Arc: * Printable Mats and How to Use Them!

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Free Alphabet Arc: * Printable Mats and How to Use Them!

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Alphabet Arc: 8 Free Printable Mats & How to Use Them!

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8 FREE printable alphabet arc mats to help build speed and accuracy in alphabet knowledge, letter recognition, and sequencing.

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Student center activities to practice, demonstrate, and extend learning of what has already been taught.

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From 2004 to 2010, a team of researchers and teachers at FCRR collected ideas and created Student Center Activities for use in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade classrooms. The activities are designed for students to practice, demonstrate, and extend their learning of what has already been taught, sometimes with teacher assistance and sometimes independently. Students can complete the activities in small groups, pairs, or individually.

Accompanying these Student Center Activities is a Teacher Resource Guide that offers important insights on differentiated instruction and how to use the Student Center materials.

Component

Name of the reading component: Phonological Awareness (PA), Phonics (P), Fluency (F), Vocabulary (V), or Comprehension (C). Each component is color coded: PA is purple, P is orange, F is red, V is green, C is blue.

Subcomponent

Name of the reading subcomponent, which is a subskill of the component.

Activity Name

Activity Number

The letters correspond with the reading component (PA, P, F, V, or C). The numbers are listed in ascending order within each component. The activities are sequenced from simple to more complex within each component and subcomponent.

Student Icon

The suggested number of students for the activity. One student icon indicates that students may work independently or with a small group. Two student icons indicate that the activity requires students to work in pairs. Two student icons with a plus sign indicate that the activity requires two or more students.

Objective

States the goal of the activity, which is aligned with the subcomponent.

Materials

Materials are located on the pages that follow the Activity Plan. Most materials are non-consumable to be prepared and used repeatedly (e.g., word cards can be laminated). Some materials are consumable and will need to be duplicated for each student doing the activity. Other materials, such as counters, are commonly found in most classrooms.

Activity Statement

One sentence explanation of the purpose of the activity and what students do to complete the activity.

Activity Steps

The first step describes how to setup the center. The second step begins with: The student, Students, Working in pairs, or Taking turns depending on the number of students needed to complete the activity. The second step also starts the series of steps to complete the activity. The next steps explain what the student does to complete the activity. The last step lists one of three accountability methods: Self-check, Peer evaluation, or Teacher evaluation.

Example

A visual of the activity and key materials.

Extensions and Adaptations

Suggestions that extend or provide an adaptation for additional practice on the skill addressed in the activity. Materials for the extensions and adaptations are included after the pages that align to the Activity Plan.

Users may use the FCRR Student Center Activities resources as long as modifications are not made, the resources will only be used for non-profit educational purposes, and the copyright belong jointly to the Florida Department of Education and the Florida Center for Reading Research. These resources may not be used for any commercial purposes. These resources on our site may be linked to but not reposted, reproduced, modified, or copied to other sites. For questions about the use of these resources, please contact The Florida Center for Reading Research at fcrr@fcrr.org.

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From 2004 to 2010, a team of researchers and teachers at FCRR collected ideas and created Student Center Activities for use in pre-kindergarten through fifth grade classrooms. The activities are designed for students to practice, demonstrate, and extend their learning of what has already been taught, sometimes with teacher assistance and sometimes independently.

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Council for Exceptional Children, the Division for Learning Disabilities (DLD) and the Division for Research (DR). Fluency Instruction.

Dowhower, S. (1989) Repeated reading: Research into practice. The Reading Teacher, 42(7), 502-507.

Hudson, R.F., Lane, H.B., & Pullen, P.C. (2005). Reading Fluency Assessment and Instruction: What, Why, and How?. The Reading Teacher, 58(8), 702-714.

Johns, J. & Berglund, R. (2002). Fluency: Question, answers, evidence-based strategies. Dubuque, IO: Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

Kuhn, M. (2004). Helping students become accurate, expressive readers: Fluency instruction for small groups. The Reading Teacher, 58(4), 338-344.

Lee, J., & Yoon, S. Y. (2017). The Effects of Repeated Reading on Reading Fluency for Students With Reading Disabilities: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 50(2), 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022219415605194

Murray, B. (1999). Two Methods for Developing Fluency.

Rasinski, T. (2003) The fluent reader: Oral reading strategies for building word recognition, fluency, and comprehension. New York, NY: Scholastic Professional Books.

Samuels, S. J. (2002). Reading fluency: It's development and assessment. In Farstrup, A. & Samuels, S. (Ed.). What research has to say about reading instruction (pp. 166-183). Newark, Delaware: International Reading Association.

Samuels, S. J. (1997). The method of repeated readings. The Reading Teacher, 50(5), 376-381.

Therrien, W. J. (2004). Fluency and Comprehension Gains as a Result of Repeated Reading: A Meta-Analysis. Remedial and Special Education, 25(4), 252-261. https://doi.org/10.1177/07419325040250040801

Vaca, R. & Vaca, J. (1999). Content area reading: Literacy and learning across the curriculum, 6th edition. New York, NY: Logman.

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Timed repeated readings are an instructional practice for monitoring students' fluency development. Repeated readings, under timed conditions, of familiar instructional level text can increase students' reading speed which can improve comprehension.

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Many children with literacy difficulties find it hard to blend phonemes together. Word Chains games allow a child to focus on sounds without the distraction of graphemes, as each sound is represented by a counter. A single phoneme is changed and the child 're-blends' to make a new word. The Word Chain lists progress from simple CVC words, like 'dog' and 'cat', to more complex words with initial and final blends, like 'stand' and 'crisp'. This allows targeted practice of a very specific skill in just a few minutes.

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Blending Phonemes - Word Chains - Dyslexic Logic

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Resources and word-chains (also called word ladders or word chains) to support teaching blending skills for children with poor phonological awareness, from basic CVC blends to CCVCC words with long and short medial vowels.

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UFLI Game Generator.  Enter a custom list of words under the select words option on top left side. This can be done digitally or printed into game boards.

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UFLI Game Generator.  Enter a custom list of words under the select words option on top left side. This can be done digitally or printed into game boards.

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Instructional Planning Based on Screening Results

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Instructional Planning Based on Screening Results

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Weekly Progress Monitoring Tracking Sheet Option 2

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Weekly Progress Monitoring Tracking Sheet Option 2

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Weekly UFLI Progress Monitoring Tracking Sheet 

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