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Two kinds of cells:

Nerve cells ---> conducting units of the system

Glia and Neuroglia ---> Connecting and supporting cells

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Types of glial cells:

Astrocytes

Schwann cells

Ependymal cells

Microglia

Oligodendrocytes

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Glial cells are located amongst nerve cells

Smaller than nerve cells

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(most abundant glial cells)

Cell body with multiple threadlike projections

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Flat cells that connect to form layers

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most abundant cells in the brain

responsable for communication between synapses

involved in the uptake and release of chemicals.

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create myelin sheath around nerves

insulate nerves for faster conduction

repair damaged axons

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create myelin (fatty material that wraps around a portion of the nerve cell)

play an important role in certain neurological diseases

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Disease characterized by dementia. Occurs when a chemical is released and breaks down axons, also affecting glial cells. The function of some glial cells is to protect the axons. In alzheimers patients, the glial cells are not there to protect the axon.

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chronic disease that affects the CNS

the immune system attacks the myelin sheath ---> causing inflammation and scar tissue

the scar tissue mainly affects the brain stem and spinal cord leading to decreased motor abilities over time