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Causes

Caused by a virus does not need antibiotics

Symptoms

Enlarged, tender glands (lymph nodes) in neck.

Difficult or painful swallowing.

Difficult or raspy breathing.

Hoarse or muffled voice

Sneezing

Watery eyes

Temperature ≥101°F or 38.3°C

Scratchiness in the throat

Risk Factors

Also get it by touching a toy that an infected child has played with.

Prevalence

Because in pediatrics the Immune System is immature, and they have a frequent exposure, and too environmental factors.

Diagnosis

Physical exam that includes:

Using a lighted instrument to look at the throat, the ears and nasal passages

Gently feeling the neck to check for swollen glands (lymph nodes)

Listening when breathing with a stethoscope

Treatment

Usually lasts five to seven days and doesn't usually require medical treatment.

Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) or other mild pain relievers.

Prevent

Not sharing food utensils and glasses with others. Avoiding contact with people who have sore throats or cold symptoms.

How impact this illnesses?

This disease doesn't affect much, but if it´s a bacterial disease and isn´t treated it could be something more serious.

References

10 Common childhood illnesses and their treatments. (n.d.). HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/treatments/Pages/10-Common-Childhood-Illnesses-and-Their-Treatments.aspx

Sore throat - Diagnosis & treatment - Mayo Clinic. (2021, June 10). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/sore-throat/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351640

What to do about a sore throat (for parents). (n.d.). https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/sore-throat-sheet.html#:~:text=As%20with%20most%20common%20illnesses,sore%20throats%20or%20cold%20symptoms

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Symptoms:

vomiting

tiredness and lack of energy (lethargy)

irritability

not eating properly

not gaining weight

yellowing of the skin and whites of the eyes (jaundice) in very young children

pain or a burning sensation when peeing

needing to pee frequently

deliberately holding in their pee

Causes:

UTIs normally occur when the urinary tract is infected, usually by bacteria.

Bacteria can enter through the tube that caries pee out of the body this tube is called urethra.

Also in some children may be more likely que to problems emptying their bladder.

Risk factors:

These include female sex, CAKUT, bladder and bowel dysfunction (BBD), a neurogenic bladder (NB), urolithiasis, diabetes mellites (DM), and immunodeficiency

Prevalence in children and women...

It is common in children because they have an immature immune system, as it was already said because of bladder emptying problems and also because children not always know how to wipe after going to the restroom.

Dx and Tx:

For the diagnosis UTI symptoms in children vary by age:

newborns may show jaundice or fever,

infants and young children may have fever or abdominal pain.

school-aged children may experience dysuria or urgency.

Boys under six months and uncircumcised boys under 12 months, as well as girls under one year, are at higher risk. Physical exams may reveal tenderness but are often nonspecific.

For the treatment:

Normally antibiotics as long as the children is over 3 months and is not at risk of serious illness.

If necessary children can also take liquid Paracetamol to help control the symptoms.

How to prevent UTI?

Entourage girls to wipe their bottom from front to back.

Make sure children are well hydrated and go to the toilet as many times as they need to.

Avoid nylon and other synthetic underwear.

Avoid scented soaps or bubble baths.

How does the ilness impacts the children lives and their families?

This condition May affect the Quality of Life of the Child or parents especially if the UTI is recurrent or causes permanent renal dysfunction.

It can lead to a kidney scar and raise the risk of developing CKD in later stages of the disease.

References:

Barola, S., Grossman, O. K., & Abdelhalim, A. (2024). Urinary Tract Infections In Children. StatPearls Publishing.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) in children. (2023, febrero 13). NHS Inform. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/kidneys-bladder-and-prostate/urinary-tract-infection-uti-in-children/

White, B. (2011). Diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections in children. American Family Physician, 83(4), 409–415. https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2011/0215/p409.html

Daniel, M., Szymanik-Grzelak, H., Sierdziński, J., Podsiadły, E., Kowalewska-Młot, M., & Pańczyk-Tomaszewska, M. (2023). Epidemiology and risk factors of UTIs in children—A single-center observation. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 13(1), 138. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm13010138

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Causes:

Skin infections in children can be caused by a variety of germs, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

And there are also many types of skin infections.

Symptoms:

Red, itchy skin

Rashes

Inflammation and swelling

Fever

Painful rashes and raised bumps

Risk factors:

Close contact with others, such as in schools, child care, or sports

Warm, humid weather

Broken skin

Poor skin cleansing

Prevalence in children:

The skin infections are more common in children because they have a thinner skin and because for them is easier to obtain a skin infection throgh skin to skin with someone who has a viral skin infection. And also because the immune system of the children is not as strong as an adult one.

Dx and Tx:

For the diagnosis there are exams a dermatologist can perform:

Physical exam, the doctor will examine the Child's body looking up for any apparent rashes or skin irritations.

Skin cultive: The doctor takes a sample of the area infected and send it to the lab to identify the specific germ causing the skin infection.

Biopsy: A sample of skin from the affected area is removed.

For the treatment there are different types of medicines used to treat skin infections like antifungal medicines, antibiotics and antiviral medicines and it all depends on the diagnosis of the skin intection.

How to prevent a skin infection?

Proper hygiene, teach children the correct way of how to clean themselves, wash your Child's face and body every day, clean wounds, avoid sharing anything that is in contact with skin.

How does the ilness Impact the children and families lives?

Mostly an ilness of this kind impacts the children in a psychological way, and the Family may be concerned about their kids but also they are in risk of getting the skin infection, also the Quality of Life may be affected including their sleep, Learning memory and development.

References:

(S/f). Rileychildrens.org. Recuperado el 2 de septiembre de 2024, de https://www.rileychildrens.org/health-info/skin-infections#:~:text=Skin%20infections%20are%20a%20common,the%20specific%20type%20of%20condition.

Sugeng, M. W., Ang, P., Tan, H. H., Goh, C. L., From the National Skin Centre, & Singapore. (1999). Characteristics of bacterial skin infections in children compared to adults at a tertiary dermatologic center. International Journal of Dermatology, 38(8), 582–586. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00740.x

(S/f-b). Gov.au. Recuperado el 2 de septiembre de 2024, de https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/immune-system#:~:text=The%20immune%20system%20is%20a,it%20enters%20the%20body%20again.

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CAUSES: This illnes occurs when a chest cold leads to inflammation of the bronchi, caused by a vairuses or a bacteria.

SYMPTOMS: Tiredness and crankiness, Chest soreness, Sore throat, Headache, Body aches, Runny nose, Mild fever, Chills, Wheezing, but the symptoms may last for up eaven two or three weeks.

RISK FACTORS: Allergies, asthma, chronic sinusitis and enlarged tonsils.

PREVALENCE: They have low defenses because and that cause a developing immune systems.

DIAGNOSTIC: We need to do a physical exam:

Llistening child's lungs

Pulse oximetry

X Ray

TREATMENT: It depents pf the condition but if this is caused by a bacteria the Doctors prescribe antibiotics.

Saline nasal spray

PREVENT:

When the child is sick he need to cover his nose and mouth if he is coughing or sneezing.

Have all the vacines

Have a good hygiene

IMPACT:

Difficulty breathing

Contagion

REFERENCES:

Madormo, C. (2021, mayo 19). How to recognize bronchitis in kids and how it’s treated. Verywell Health. https://www.verywellhealth.com/bronchitis-in-kids-5176165

10 common childhood illnesses and their treatments. (s/f). Healthychildren.org. Recuperado el 2 de septiembre de 2024, de https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/treatments/Pages/10-Common-Childhood-Illnesses-and-Their-Treatments.aspx

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CAUSES: Caused by a bacteria or a untreated viral infection.

SYMPTOMS: Stuffy nose, pain or pressure around the nose.

RISK FACTORS: People whit alergies, nasal polyps and have a deviated septum.

PREVALENCE: They have low defenses because and that cause a developing immune systems.

DIAGNOSIS: Do a physical exam and do a tomography.

TREATMENT: Take anti-inflammatory medications like:

Ibuprofen

Paracetanmol

PREVENT: We need to take steps to prevent catching a cold or the flu.

IMPACT: Maybe the child is gonna have this disfonfort:

Facial pain

Nasal congestion

Loss of sleep

REFERENCES:

Sinus infection (sinusitis). (s/f). Cleveland Clinic. Recuperado el 2 de septiembre de 2024, de https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17701-sinusitis

10 common childhood illnesses and their treatments. (s/f). Healthychildren.org. Recuperado el 2 de septiembre de 2024, de https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/treatments/Pages/10-Common-Childhood-Illnesses-and-Their-Treatments.aspx

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Causes

Is an inflammation of the middle ear, usually caused by bacteria, that occurs when fluid builds up behind the eardrum.

Symptoms

Pain in the ear— earache.

Child might also have a fever.

Fussiness and crying

Trouble sleeping

Fluid draining from the ear

Clumsiness or problems with balance

Risk Factors

Often begins after a child has a sore throat, cold, or other upper respiratory infection. These same bacteria may spread to the middle ear.

Prevalence

The pediatrics have their immune systems are underdeveloped and less equipped to fight off infections. Their eustachian tubes are smaller and more horizontal, which makes it more difficult for fluid to drain out of the ear.

Diagnosis

May use a pneumatic otoscope, which blows a puff of air into the ear canal, to check for fluid behind the eardrum.

Tympanometry, which uses sound tones and air pressure.

Treatment

Prescribe an antibiotic like amoxicillin, or a pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, or eardrops, to help with fever and pain.

Prevent

Vaccinate your child against the flu.

Wash hands frequently.

Avoid exposing your baby to cigarette smoke

How impact this illnesses?

Hearing loss: Chronic ear infections can cause hearing loss and can affect speech development.

Antibiotic resistance

Cause complications like meningitis, brain abscess, and more.

References

Ear infections in children. (2022, March 16). NIDCD. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/ear-infections-children#:~:text=Acute%20otitis%20media%20(AOM)%20is,might%20also%20have%20a%20fever.

Ear infections in babies and toddlers. (2024, August 5). Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/ear-infections-in-babies-and-toddlers#:~:text=Children%20are%20more%20likely%20to,drain%20out%20of%20the%20ear.

10 Common childhood illnesses and their treatments. (n.d.). HealthyChildren.org. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/health-issues/conditions/treatments/Pages/10-Common-Childhood-Illnesses-and-Their-Treatments.aspx