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The New Kingdom is considered the golden age of ancient Egyptian civilization, marking a period of immense wealth, power, and cultural flourishing. Spanning the 18th, 19th, and 20th Dynasties, it was a time when Egypt reached its greatest territorial extent, military prowess, architectural achievements, and artistic expression

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18th Dynasty: c. 1550 BCE - Beginning of the New Kingdom Period

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18th Dynasty: c. 1550 BCE - Beginning of the New Kingdom Period

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Ahmose 1 defeats the Hyksos, reunites Egypt, and establishes the 18th Dynasty. He expanded Egypt's borders and initiated massive building projects, including temples in Thebes.

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Develops the city of Thebes into a religious centre. Expand into Nubia and establish trade networks.

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Thutmose I was the third Pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. He became king when Amenhotep I died without an heir. He was believed to be one of the previous monarch's generals. Thutmose 1 came to the throne at 40, and his principal wife was Ahmose.

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Little is known about him as he is overshadowed by his wife and son's achievements. Considered to have suppressed a revolt in Nubia and sent a punitive expedition to Palestine against some nomads.

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She came to power as regent for Thutmose III and later became one of only a few female pharaohs. Hatshepsut focused on trade and building projects. A major construction was the famous mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri in Thebes.

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c. 1479–1425 BCE – Reign of Thutmose III

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c. 1479–1425 BCE – Reign of Thutmose III

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Shared throne with stepmother Hatshepsut until her death. Known as the "Napoleon of Egypt," Thutmose III expands Egypt’s empire to its greatest territorial extent. His campaigns in the Levant and Nubia strengthened Egypt’s political and economic dominance.

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Initiated a religious revolution by promoting the worship of the Aten (sun disk) and temporarily moving the capital to Akhetaten (modern-day Amarna). Akhenaten also saw that Art and culture significantly changed during this period.

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To help restore stability, Tutankhamun restored traditional polytheistic religion after Akhenaten's monotheistic reforms. He is famous for his intact tomb, which Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon discovered in the Valley of the Kings.

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Horemheb was the last pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty. He restored order and re-establishes the power of the state.

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c. 1295-1186

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c. 1279–1213 BCE – Reign of Ramesses II (Ramesses the Great)

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c. 1279–1213 BCE – Reign of Ramesses II (Ramesses the Great)

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Ramesses conducts successful military campaigns in Syria, Nubia, and Libya. He is also known for constructing monumental structures such as the temple of Abu Simbel and the Ramesseum. Ramesse is known to have signed the first known peace treaty with the Hittites after the Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 BCE).

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Merneptah engaged in campaigns against the Libyans and the Sea Peoples. He left behind the "Merneptah Stele," which contained one of the earliest references to "Israel."

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(c. 1186-1155 BCE)

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20th Dynasty of Ancient Egypt + Ramesses III

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c. 1186–1155 BCE – Reign of Ramesses III

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c. 1186–1155 BCE – Reign of Ramesses III

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Considered the last great pharaoh of the New Kingdom, he defended Egypt against invasions by the Sea Peoples and Libyans.

Ramesses built his mortuary temple at Medinet Habu in Thebes.

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c. 1150 BCE – Decline of the New Kingdom

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c. 1150 BCE – Decline of the New Kingdom

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Economic troubles, internal strife, and the increasing power of the priesthood weaken central authority.

Tomb robberies in the Valley of the Kings become more frequent.

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The death of Ramesses XI marks the decline of the New Kingdom.

Egypt entered the Third Intermediate Period, characterized by fragmentation and foreign invasions.