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Pro-Choice Abortion Movement

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The Pro-Choice Abortion Movement focuses on one’s right to make their own decisions on the matter of abortion dating back to the 1900s. As of now, there are “laws criminalizing abortion” causing “women and girls” to resort to “unsafe abortions.” These laws/bans are complicated and hazy, leading doctors to refuse to operate on patients out of fear of possible implications. With no medical support, many people decide to take matters into their own hands which can be fatal for their own bodies and health. From a historical perspective, in the last few decades, about “50 countries” have decided to give “greater access to abortion” but this is still not enough because other countries “including Nicaragua and El Salvador” remain unmoved and even with “broader access”, people still face “mandatory waiting periods” and factors like “cost” and “biased counseling.” Countries that still maintain such laws contain masses of women who cannot get help for themselves. Those places that have taken off these bans are also not doing very much due to the barriers set up by the countries that prevent people from getting the proper care they need. I want to investigate more about what the Pro-Life Movement has to say about abortion in contrast.

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Kami Export - Key Facts on Abortion - PDF-1

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In 1969, NARAL, or the National Association for the Repeal of Abortion laws was formed by people fighting for abortion rights including Betty Friedan. The association is divided into three major sections: Naral Pro-Choice America, Inc, which is in charge of protecting abortion rights, PAC which supports abortion politicians, and Foundation that donates in order to teach people about reproductive rights. NARAL has made major contributions to the movement and has created extremely successful online campaigns.

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Kami Export - NARAL Pro-Choice America _ American organization _ Britannica

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The Eisenstadt v. Baird case was focused on whether or not unmarried couples could use contraceptives. This all began when William Baird, who was a teacher, passed out a condom and contraceptives to an unmarried student attending his birth control classes and was convicted with illegal distribution because of the student's marital status and because he was not authorized. The court decided that denying unmarried couples' use of contraceptives was both "discriminatory and a violation of the fourteenth amendment" which includes the Equal Protection Clause. Although Baird was still punished for his unauthorized distribution, contraceptives were now legal to all unmarried people lowering the rates of unintentional pregnancy and the need for abortion.

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Kami Export - Eisenstadt v. Baird __ 405 U.S. 438 (1972) __ Justia US Supreme Court Center

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One key event of the pro-choice movement was Roe v. Wade which played an important part in abortion rights. This all started when “Jane Roe”, an anonymous name for “McCorvey” was “denied access to abortion” and came together with “a group of Texas lawyers” named “Sarah Weddington, Linda Coffee” and “Dr. James Hallford” who “filed suit on McCorvey’s behalf” against “Henry Wade.” They were all lawyers trying to find a case in order to get rid of abortion bans. This led to Weddington arguing the case on “December 13, 1971” and re-arguing on “Oct. 11, 1972” which she eventually won when “seven of the nine justices agreed.” This is extremely significant as having an abortion was no longer illegal and was much safer. However, not long after, “politicians proceeded” to strip away the “right to abortion” with “creating barriers” to accessibility. Although obstacles to abortion definitely still existed after Roe v. Wade, the case was a huge pavement leading towards later acts of this movement and it exists as the most significant event in the movement.

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Kami Export - Roe v. Wade_ Behind the Case That Established the Legal Right to Access Abortion

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The Hyde Amendment was passed in 1976 stripping away the provision of "federal funds" for abortion. This was extremely harmful as about a fifth of women that can reproduce rely on these funds and many include black and hispanics from "economic inequalities" in countries. Politicians used this amendment to influence other healthcare programs taking away access to abortion and increasing expenses which many cannot afford. Therefore, states must use their own money to pay for such abortion in which most are not willing, denying women access to health care services and the right to make their own decisions.

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1985 - NARAL/NOW Launch Nationwide Campaign

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1985 - NARAL/NOW Launch Nationwide Campaign

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After "The Silent Scream," a film showing the process of a suction abortion was released, pro-choice members started fighting back to defend against the pro-life movement. NOW, or the Nation Organization for Women promotes that every individual should be able to make their own decisions and has marched/rallied with "500 demonstrators." NOW also supports 14 cities against "Roman Catholic Bishops" to stop pro-life from lobbying. NARAL, working with NOW, has started a program named "Abortion Rights: Silent No More" collecting "40,000 letters" from women agreeing that abortion was definitely the correct choice saving them from results of rape, serious health issues, and obstacles to their careers. NARAL has used these letters to promote "Speakout" campaigns in countries that have proven to be extremely influential and helpful to the movement.

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Kami Export - Vocal Prochoice Activists Launch Nationwide Offen... _ Christianity Today

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Planned Parenthood v. Casey was a case brief connecting back to the renowned Roe v. Wade. Having occurred in 1992, the case followed the essentials (standards) that have been established in the past: Women have their own rights to continue pregnancy without any interference from the State, "fetal viability" will be maintained unless health is a concern, and the state wants to protect "the health of the woman and fetus." A main part of the case were the "five provisions of the Pennsylvania Abortion Control Act of 1982" that many people and organizations were against. In the end, the Court decided that 4/5 provisions were constitutional except one involving the need of a woman to get her husband's permission before abortion.

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Kami Export - Planned Parenthood v. Casey _ Case Brief for Law School _ LexisNexis

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1993 - President Clinton Reverses Abortion Restrictions

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1993 - President Clinton Reverses Abortion Restrictions

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President Bill Clinton became president on January 20, 1993 where he changed many matters regarding abortion with just 5 signature on the 20th anniversary of Roe V. Wade. This allowed women all over the country to receive knowledge/education on abortion (safe and legal but rare slogan) as well as legalizing "Federal financing" of research using "fetal tissue" which could help doctors gain medical insights to solve various diseases. This was largely opposed by pro-life activists and leaders that organized marchers to protest. However, for pro-choice activists, this was a crucial point of change and a cause to celebrate.

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Kami Export - SETTLING IN_ Easing Abortion Policy; CLINTON ORDERS REVERSAL OF ABORTION RESTRICTIONS LEFT BY REAGAN AND BUSH - The New York Times

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Stenberg V. Carhart was a case emphasizing the importance and necessity of health exceptions/women's health. The case revolved around "partial birth abortion bans" like the "Nebraska law" that does not include/consider the health of pregnant individuals. Many of the bans prohibit D&X and D&E procedures that are crucial to people in later stages of pregnancy. The Supreme Court came to the conclusion that the health of women cannot be ignored with abortion restrictions even though the line to which "unacceptably narrow." However, in the end, this is still considered a win for the pro-choice abortion movement.

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Kami Export - Stenberg v. Carhart_ A Legal Analysis _ American Civil Liberties Union

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2009 - Global Gag Rule is Overturned by President Barack Obama

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2009 - Global Gag Rule is Overturned by President Barack Obama

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President Barack Obama, inaugurated in 2009, strongly believed in "protecting a woman's right to choose." That very year he came into power, Obama removed a ban based on "federal funds" for abortion and education on the subject. This would allow money and help to be sent to "HIV/AID clinics, birth control providers," and organizations that teacher people about abortion. The ban/gag rule has caused extreme harm and suffering to women's "health and lives" as well as being bitterly dangerous, creating a relief to many when it was finally rid of. Although there are still opposers, which may never change, this action made by Obama is crucial to the pro-choice movement.

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Kami Export - Obama reverses 'global gag rule' on family planning organisations _ Obama administration _ The Guardian

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Important People/Leaders in the Movement

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Important People/Leaders in the Movement

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ARAL, before the formation of NARAL was established by activists Pat Maginnis, Rowena Gurner, and investor Lana Phelan organizing and taking charge of teaching classes and of "referral lists of people performing illegal abortions." NARAL's planning committee includes leaders Lawrence Lader, Garrett Hardin and Dr. Lonny Myers while speakers include Bernard Nathanson, Lawrence Lader, and Betty Friedan along with Conni Bille favoring full abortion rights. NARAL's 12 Person Planning Committee included Lawrence Lader (as chairman), Ruth Smith (vice chairman), Ruth Cusack (secretary), Constance Finnerty (secretary), Beatrice McClintock (treasurer), Mrs. Marc Fisher, Betty Friedan, Norval Morris, Stewart Mott, Dr. Bernard Nathanson, Edna Smith, Percy Sutton, as well as hiring Lee Gidding as First Executive Director who opened NARAL's office. Other founding leaders (including Lader and Ruth Smith) worked in the "conservative, reform Association for the Study of Abortion." Later, the Board of Directors was established replacing the Planning Committee where Honorary Officers (co-presidents) Dr. Lester Breslow, Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm, Senator Maurine Neuberger (vice president), officers like Councilwoman Carol Greitzer (president), Executive Committee with Lawrence Lader (chairman), and a Nominating Committee were all established/elected. National executive directors of NARAL include Karen Mulhauser from 1974 to 1982, Nanette Falkenburg from 1982 to 1985, Kate Michelman from 1985 to 2004, Nancy Keenan from 2004 to 2013, Ilyse Hogue from 2013 to 2021, and finally current president Mini Timmaraju hired in 2021.

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Kami Export - NARAL Pro-Choice America - Wikipedia

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/1cP2V_JyJec99u0VSQ44bhMUOKXpEbcueEudGbWEV_3k/edit?usp=sharing

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The strongest turning point in the pro-choice abortion movement was Roe v. Wade which set an example for later events.