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Photograph of Haudenosaunee Chief Deskaheh in 'The Graphic', 1922

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1923-1925: The original groundwork for UNDRIP

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1923-1925: The original groundwork for UNDRIP

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In 1917, Levi General (Deskaheh) became hereditary chief of the Cayuga. He spoke on behalf of the Six Nations Council and travelled to London, Washington D.C., and Geneva to air his grievances in front of the League of Nations.  He gained public support, but despite his efforts he never spoke in front of the league and received little acknowledgement from Britain and Canada. Deskaheh, alongside Maori New Zealander T. W. Ratana, who created the Rātana religion, are both accredited with bringing modern Indigenous issues to the public sphere

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2014 World Conference on Indigenous Peoples

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1982: Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP)

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1982: Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP)

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The Working Group on Indigenous Populations (WGIP) was created in 1982 as a body of the United Nations. Its main goals were to:

Review developments pertaining to the promotion and protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms of indigenous peoples;

Give attention to the evolution of international standards concerning indigenous rights

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1993: Draft recommended by the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

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1993: Draft recommended by the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action

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The VDPA Declaration recommended a draft that would lay the framework for UNDRIP in 1993. From 1994-2006, the declaration was developed through many different drafts

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United Nations Human Rights Council assembly, Geneva

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1993-2006: UN working group examines the declaration's draft

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1993-2006: UN working group examines the declaration's draft

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After being approved by the Sub-Commission on the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights in 1993, the draft was then sent to a working group within the UN Commission on Human Rights (Now the Human Rights Council). After a slow and arduous process, the Human Rights Council officially approved the declaration's adoption on June 29, 2006

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2007: The UN votes in favor of the declaration

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2007: The UN votes in favor of the declaration

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On September 13, 2007, The UN voted in an overwhelming majority to ratify the declaration. The member vote count was 144 in favor, 4 against (including Canada), and 11 abstained

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Canadian youth delegation protests, 2016. Photo by CYD

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2016: Canada and other nations remove objector status to UNDRIP

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2016: Canada and other nations remove objector status to UNDRIP

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After being adopted by the UN general assembly almost a decade prior, Canada finally endorsed the declaration in May 2016. By the end of the year, the 3 other countries who had originally voted against the declaration (New Zealand, Australia, and the United States) had all changed their positions and expressed support for UNDRIP

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Inadvertently self-aware Prime Minister Justin Trudeau speaks straight facts

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Since its endorsement of UNDRIP in 2016, Canada has worked to achieve better implementation on the articles of the declaration, especially given the country's infamous history of settler colonialism