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Atoms make up everything, it cannot be created nor destroyed, or divided into smaller pieces.

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Dalton evidence that atoms must exist is Democritus theory of the existence of an atom.

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Using the "Gold Foil Experiment" Rutherford was able to model how most positive (alpha) particles did not reflect off the goal foal. Some did reflect. As most of them didn't reflect he came to the conclusion that the center was positive as they simply came to together and went through.

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Dalton’s atomic theory created the basis for all atoms. He said that everything is made out of atoms as it is the smallest unit of matter. Atoms are indivisible and can not be created or destroyed. Also, atoms of the same element are identical while they are different in other elements. Lastly, he stated that atoms can combine together to form compounds. When a compound is created, it will have the same ratio and same atoms each time the compound is created.

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In your own words, state Dalton’s atomic theory.

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What evidence did dalton have that atoms MUST exists

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Based on Rutherford’s work, use evidence and reasoning to argue for the existence of the nucleus.

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Describe how the electron was discovered.

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If only 1 out of 20,000 alpha particles bounced straight back during the gold foil experiment. What does this say about the characteristics of the nucleus?

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What does the interaction between the gold foil and alpha particles look like on a atomic level? draw it on the whiteboards.

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What was Bohr's main Discovery relating to electrons and they're behavior?

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What happens when an electron moves from energy level 1 to energy level 2?

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Can you predict how electrons might move around the nucleus?

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Dalton believed atoms were the smallest division of matter and everything was made of them. Atoms of the same element are the same but different than other element's atoms. Different atoms can combine to become compounds with the same ratio in all parts.

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all things are made of atoms (smallest particles of matter), which cannot be divided, destroyed, or created. If atoms are of the same element they are similar, if they are not of the same element they are not. Atoms join to make compounds, always have the same ratio of atoms.

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Daltons athomic theory is that all matter consists of atoms, that are different depending on the substance, and are too small to be seen.

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Dalton's evidence that atoms existed was Democritus's theory of the Universe.

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The electron was discovered by the cathode ray tube

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Dalton knew atoms must exist because there must be a smallest piece of a certain element eventually when you can't divide it any further.

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Dalton's theory consisted that everything is made of atoms which are the smallest particles that are considered matter. Atoms cannot be divided anymore while still being matter. Atoms cannot be created or destroyed. An element are atoms that are all alike (same mass). Different elements have different characteristics. Compounds are made of the same atoms coming together with the same ratio.

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The existence of the nucleus is shown through Ernest Rutherford's Golf Foil Experiment; The experiment showed that there is a negative center within an atom because of the deflection of some particles. He decided to name this the nucleus.

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The alpha particles passed the through the foil, some went straight through, some were deflected. Most importantly, there was one where the ray completely bounced off. In order for that to happen, there would have to be a part of the atom consisting of positive charge. That positive center of the foil was considered to be the nucleus.

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The electron was discovered by physicist J.J Thomson, who used a cathode ray to reach this discovery. The cathode ray included a nearly empty tube. The discoveries of using this ray were that an electric charge moves from cathode to anode. This electric charge cannot be seen and is invisible. Due to this. a fluorescent screen is placed at the back of this tube in order to see where this charge is moving. Another way of seeing this charge is also using fluorescent gas. The beam that the charge creates moves forward in a straight path unless something gets in its way. The coils that change direction have their own charge. One coil will have a positive charge while the other coil will have a negative charge. In conclusion, Thomson presented that the charge that will move away from the negative coil is negative.

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There is a consistent ratio to all compounds so they all had to be made of the same thing, atoms.

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The nucleus has to be of positive charge (having unit of positive charge called protons). Also, since only one ray bounced off out of 20,000, that has to mean that the nucleus is a very small unit.

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He figured out thatelectrons travel in separate orbits around the nucleus

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When an electron moves from energy level 1 to energy level 2, radiation will occur and a higher orbital is formed.

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The electron was discovered through the use of the cathode ray tube. This device worked by: 1) taking a tube in near complete vacuum, 2) passing through an electric charge from cathode to anode, 3) using a fluorescent gas or screen, the charge can be seen as it passes through, always traveling in a straight line if not interfered with, 4) the deflection coils would have specific charges - one positive and one negative, 5) using all of this, Thompson was able to show that the charge would deflect away from the coil that matched its charge.

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That the nucleus is the biggest part of an atom, and it holds the particle that is positively charged.

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We can predict where it might be/where it probably is but we can't exactly predict the location where it properly is.

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He thought that since particles would deflect all the way back, there must be something positive they are deflecting back to. i.e nucleus.

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Rutherford discovered the electron when he realized the nucleus of the atom is a dense mass of positively charged particles.

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This shows that the nucleus has a positively charged center.

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The lower the electron level the weaker the orbit. The introduction of newer energy renews the orbit.

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If you divide a piece of matter enough it will eventually come to a point in which it cannot divide any further.

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Bohr's main discovery relating to electrons is that electrons orbit the nucleus in orbits that have a set size and energy. The lower the energy of an electron, the lower the orbit. Radiation is when an electron moves from one level to another.

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-all substances are made of atoms that cannot be divided into smaller particles. cannot be divided or destroyed
-Atoms of the same element are similar and have the same mass
atoms come together to make compounds

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Electrons fill up the orbitals and fill lower energy first. When it is filled a new level of energy will begin

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We know that it will orbit around the nucleus but you cannot predict the exact spot that it will

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- Dalton had evidence of how they are the smallest particles of matter and that they can't be divided into smaller particles.

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Rutherford work proved the existence of the nucleus with his famous Gold Foil Experiment. Which showed that a particle positively charged would deflect of the foil which means that there must be a positive center of the foil which was called the nucleus.

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Ernest Rutherford argued for the existence of the nucleus by proving that when positively charged particles are deflected through the atom, most of the particles didn’t fully go through. This signified that there had to be a positivity charged center to the atom, or in other words the nucleus.

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Following Rutherford's experiments, he concluded that there must be a center to the foil, being the nucleus, and that due to what he observed, it must be positively charged.

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J.J Thomson discovered the Electron through his use of cathode ray tubes.  It has been through the cathode ray tubes that all atoms have negatively charged subatomic particles or electrons through the beams that have been deflected through the coils. He then concluded that the negative particles weren't part of the fundamental units of matter as they were similar so the rest of the atom must be positive to counter the negative charge to which is later now named electron.

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The electron was discovered by J.J Thomson using a cathode ray tube. As an electric charge passed through the tube that had air sucked out using a fluorescent screen you could see the where the beam hits and that the charge would deflect away from the negative coil. Stating the charge was negative he discovered electrons.

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The Dalton Atomic theory is the theory stating that all matter consists of atoms, and yet they cannot be destroyed, divided or created.  If an element consists of the same atoms, those atoms will share the same mass, and join in order to form a compound

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The nucleus is positively charged.

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Electrons do not have a specific orbit or path. However, they always orbit around nuclei that have a set size and energy.

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When an electron moves from energy level one to energy level two, it causes radiation.

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It tells you that the nucleus is positively charged because positively charged alpha particles were being deflected off of a positively charged nucleus instead of being attracted to it.

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When an electron moves from energy level 1 to 2, they change orbit into a "special type of orbitals."

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Electrons orbit the nucleus.
- The lower the energy the slower they orbit
- when the electrons move energy levels, its called radiation

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The electrons might move around the nucleus how planets orbit around the sun, and the time it takes to orbit all depends on the nucleus.

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- Radiation starts to release from the atom when an electron moves from energy level 1 to energy level 2.

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Bohr's main discovery relating to electrons was why electrons did not collapse into the nucleus. Bohr discovered that electrons do not travel on a specific orbit or path, but they always orbit around the nucleus, in orbits with set size and energy, as well as when electrons fill up an orbital they create a new one.

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Dalton gathered that since atoms make compounds then there were ratios to compounds so atoms had to exist. He also said that atoms of different elements have different masses.

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A new orbital is formed

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Electrons don't exactly travel in a exact orbit, however we can predict where it can be

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They circle around the nucleus

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Question 3
Based on Rutherford work the argument for the existence of the nucleus through his experiment called the Gold Foil Experiment. When he fired the alpha particles that are positively charged at the gold foil that most of the particles wouldn’t deflect to the other side. Every now and then one would deflect but the others would stay in the gold foil. He made the argument that there must be a positive center of the foil, which he later called the center the nucleus.

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The electron was discovered through the scientist J.J Thomson. He performed an experiment using the cathode ray tube. He used a cathode and anode plate and charged each side negative and positive respectively. After the charging, a green ray is seen traveling from the cathode to the anode. This represents that there are negative charges within atoms. The negative was attracted to the positive side.

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It says how there is a positive charge in the middle. He then called this the nucleus.

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When different amounts of subatomic particles are added, the proprieties and atomic number,potentially charge, changes as well meaning that atom are definite the structure or make of matter.

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Based on Rutherford's work he found out that there is a positive center that would cause particles to go through however some of them deflected

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Electrons orbit or circle around the nucleus.

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It was discovered through the cathode ray only sending an electron/negative charge in energy.

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Rutherford concluded that the nucleus has a positive charge due to the positive charged alpha particles bouncing straight off of a positively charged nucleus rather than going towards the nucleus. Based off of this conclusion, we know that the nucleus must be positively charged

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Bohr's main discovery relating to electrons and they're behavior was that Electrons do not travel on a specific path on the nucleus

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It causes radiation

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The circle and orbit around the nucleus.

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Bohr’s main discovery of electrons was that they have energy levels and the lower the energy the electron has the lower in level it would be. If one energy level is full, then the electrons will go to the next energy level.

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Question 7

1. When an electron is moved from energy level 1 to 2 is when the first level is at capacity or it is filled up with the amount of energy needed, then a new level is created and the electron is moved to the new level which contains 2 electrons per level.

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You can't know the exact location of the electron but you can predict where it would probably because depending on the energy level it has a lower orbit or higher orbit though it doesn't travel in an exact orbit since each has a special type of orbits.