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- 6 H₂O
- 34 ATP

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1.) Hydrogen protons come from NADH and FADH ₂.
2.) Electrons from protons move through proteins in the inner membrane.
3.) Electrons are pulled by the electronegativity of O2 (move towards O₂).
4.) Hydrogen protons are pulled to ATP synthase, an enzyme that produces ATP by using hydrogen to convert ADP to ATP.
5.) Electrons then bond with oxygen, the final electron acceptor in the process. This forms H₂O.

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C ₆ H ₁₂ O 6 + 6O 2 --> ATP + 6H ₂ O + 6CO ₂ + ~40 ATP

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The final step of aerobic respiration is the electron transport chain.

- Value: ATP production
- Location in cell: Inner membrane/Cristae (mitochondria)

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- 2 ATP               - 6 NADH
- 2 FADH ₂              - 6 CO ₂

**NADH and FADH ₂ are electron carriers. They will be used in the electron transport chain.

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Pyruvate and Acetyl CoA, a co-enzyme, bond together, forming citric acid. NADH and FADH2 are also formed.

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The Krebs Cycle, (Citric Acid Cycle), occurs after glycolysis if oxygen is available (only in aerobic respiration).

- Value: Electron carrier production
- Location in cell: Mitochondria, matrix

Pyruvate (from glycolysis) moves into the inner membrane of the mitochondria.

From there, it enters the mitochondrial matrix, a structure similar to the cytoplasm.

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Glycolysis is the first step of respiration.

- Location in cell: Cytoplasm

Glucose (from digestion) molecules are split (using 2 ATP) into 2 molecules of pyruvate.

When glucose is broken, ATP is released from its chemical bonds. Glycolysis makes 4 ATP, but there is a net gain of 2 ATP from when glucose was split.