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Seizures are abnormal & uncontrolled electrical discharges of neurons within the brain, that can cause alterations in the LOC, changes in motor & sensory ability & behaviors. There are 3 broad spectrum classifications. These include Generalized, partial, and unclassified.

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Some triggering factors of seizures include:
*Increased physical activity
*Hyperventilation
*Overwhelming fatigue
*Acute alcohol ingestion
*Excessive caffeine intake
*Exposure to flashing lights
*Cocaine, aerosols, and inhaled glue products

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Diabetes and Seizures_ What Are They_ What Are The Symptoms_

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This video goes over the different types of seizures, s/sx you may observe, and actions to take

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Seizures - Medical-Surgical - Nervous System | @LevelUpRN

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See a seizure? Here's what to do!

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Seizure First Aid Training and Certification

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Medications for Seizures: the initial goal is to use one medication & if it isn't effective the dose is either increased or another med is added or substituted
- AEDs such as phenytoin (Dilantin)
-Gabapentin
-Topiramate (Topamax)
-Phenobarbital
-Valproic acid
-Carbamazepine (Carbatorl)

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Therapeutic procedures:
-Vagal nerve stimulator (indicated for the treatment of partial seizure): this device is implanted into the left chest wall & connected to an electrode placed on the left vagus nerve. This device administers intermittent stimulation of the brain by stimulating the vagal nerve

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5 Types of generalized seizures

1) Tonic-clonic seizure: ( experience both the tonic & clinic phases as well as their s/sx)
2) Tonic seizures: (loss of consciousness, increased muscle tone, last 30 sec)
3) Clonic seizures: (lasts several minutes, muscles contract & relax)
4) Myoclonic seizure: (jerking/stiffening of extremities, lasts seconds)
5) Atonic/akinetic seizure: (lasts a few seconds, muscle tone loss w/ possible falling, and a period of confusion)

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- 2 classifications of partial seizures
1) Complex partial seizure: (may cause loss of consciousness/blackout for several minutes, amnesia prior to & after seizure)
*Note: associated behaviors the client is unaware of like lip smacking, & picking at clothes may occur

2)Simple partial seizure:( consciousness is maintained, unusual sensations, Deja Vu, changes in HR, flushing, unilateral extremity movement, pain, offensive smell

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-occur for unknown reason

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-ECG: determines origin of seizure activity
-MRI, CT, CAT, PET, CSF analysis, & skull x-ray can identify/rule out potential causes

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Status epilepticus