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To me, health means achieving a state of complete well-being that includes physical vitality, mental sharpness, and emotional resilience. I feel at my peak when my body is active, my mental acuity is high, and I'm socialising with those around me.

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I have recently discovered the competency standard 12.3 and really appreciate the principles involved, such as person-centred care and access and equity. Through this framework, I have improved my understanding of the type of care needed for people from migrant and refugee backgrounds. I am eager to apply my newfound knowledge of culturally safe care in my future practice. I will actively respect cultural diversity, ensure I listen attentively to my patients and create a safe, judgement-free environment for everyone I care for. An example of this is if I encounter a patient from a different cultural background, I will take the time to learn about their customs and beliefs to provide care that is respectful and tailored to their unique needs. This skill is essential to me in the workplace because I believe that everyone deserves equal access, respect and safety in healthcare.

Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. (2019b). https://moodleprod.murdoch.edu.au/pluginfile.php/3573073/mod_resource/content/1/Culturally-responsive-clinical-practice-Working-with-people-from-migrant-and-refugee-backgrounds-Jan2019.pdf

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World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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ANZAC biscuits played a crucial role in maintaining the nutritional well-being of the soldiers

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During both World Wars, Australians displayed unwavering patriotism, while concerns arose among their loved ones regarding the nutritional value of food sent to the troops, which had to be transported by the Merchant Navy. This food had to endure long sea voyages without refrigeration. To address this challenge, a group of women devised a solution; a biscuit packed with essential nutrients (ANZAC Biscuits - ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee, 2023).

The ingredients included rolled oats, sugar, plain flour, coconut, butter, golden syrup, bicarbonate of soda, and boiling water, all chosen for their non-perishable qualities. Initially called "Soldiers' Biscuits," they were later renamed "ANZAC Biscuits" (ANZAC Biscuits - ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee, 2023).

ANZAC Biscuits - ANZAC Day Commemoration Committee. (2023). Anzacday.org.au. https://anzacday.org.au/ww1-ANZAC-biscuits

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Tales from Nomads. (2017, August 19). A Beginners Guide to Aussie Slang. Nomads - Discover Different. https://nomadsworld.com/aussie-slang/

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My culture is Australian, but because of my grandparent's history in England, my culture intertwines with their English culture. So at Christmas every year, my mum makes her famous trifle for dessert.
Here is a recipe for a classic trifle:

Ingredients

1 packet raspberry jelly (85 grams makes 500 grams)

1 packet passionfruit jelly (85 grams makes 500 grams)

250 grams fresh strawberries

700 grams tinned sliced peaches in juice

400 gram jam sponge roll

1 cup sherry (or any type of fruit juice)

3 tablespoons custard powder

1 tablespoon caster sugar

2 cups milk

300 ml thickened cream (heavy cream)

2 tablespoons icing sugar

Instructions

1. Prepare both jellies following the packet instructions.

2. Pour half of the passionfruit jelly into the trifle bowl and add sliced strawberries. Chill to set.

3. Cut the remaining passionfruit jelly into cubes and place it in a container. Do the same with the raspberry jelly, and let both set in the fridge.

4. Make custard by combining custard powder, sugar, and a bit of milk into a paste. Heat the rest of the milk until it bubbles, then whisk in the custard paste until thickened. Let it cool.

5. Slice the jam sponge roll and arrange rounds around the edge and center of the trifle bowl. Pour Sherry over the sponge.

6. Add the cooled custard and sliced peaches.

7. Once the jellies are set, cut them into cubes and place them over the custard and peaches.

8. Whip cream with icing sugar until stiff, decorate the trifle with cream, and top with more sliced strawberries

Nutritional information

Calories: 169kcal | Carbohydrates: 22g | Protein: 3g | Fat: 7g | Saturated Fat: 4g | Polyunsaturated Fat: 1g | Monounsaturated Fat: 2g | Cholesterol: 49mg | Sodium: 131mg | Potassium: 170mg | Fiber: 1g | Sugar: 14g | Vitamin A: 411IU | Vitamin C: 10mg | Calcium: 62mg | Iron: 1mg

Hakim, A. L. (2021, July 22). Old Fashioned Trifle Recipe | Cooking with Nana Ling. Www.cookingwithnanaling.com. https://www.cookingwithnanaling.com/classic-trifle/

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Principal health issues that refugees face

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Principal health issues that refugees face

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Over the past five years, Iranians have become a significant group among asylum-seekers arriving in Australia by boat. Starting in 2010, Iranians emerged as one of the top three nationalities seeking protection (Iranian Refugees: Irregular Migration to Australia - Seefar, 2015).

Mental health:
Asylum seekers often wait for long periods in the community for their case outcomes. This can be distressing due to fear of returning home, isolation, and poverty (Asylum Seekers, 2023).
To support the mental health of asylum seekers, it is important they have access to culturally sensitive counselling, psychiatric care, and trauma-focused therapy when needed. (Asylum Seekers, 2023).

Malaria:
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by parasitic protozoa of the Plasmodium genus, transmitted to humans through mosquito bites. Iran contains malarious areas, which increases the risk of a refugee/asylum seeker having it (Malaria, 2023).
One treatment available for an Iranian who has tested positive for malaria in Australia typically involves a prescribed medication regimen administered by a healthcare professional (Malaria, 2023).

Low Vit D:
Vitamin D deficiency is a condition characterized by an insufficient level of vitamin D in the body, which can lead to various health problems. It is prevalent in refugee cohorts who wear covering clothing, such as in Iran, where hijabs are compulsory to wear for women.
One treatment for low vitamin D in refugees in Australia is vitamin D supplementation, prescribed by healthcare providers (Low Vitamin D, 2023).

Low vitamin D . (2023). Australian Refugee Health Practical Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/low-vitamin-d/

Asylum seekers. (2023). Australian Refugee Health Practical Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/asylum-seekers/

Malaria. (2023). Australian Refugee Health Practical Guide. https://refugeehealthguide.org.au/malaria/

Iranian refugees: Irregular migration to Australia - Seefar. (2015, April 17). Iranian Refugees: Irregular Migration to Australia. https://seefar.org/news/research/iranian-refugees-irregular-migration-to-australia/

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As my family are really into nutritional health, we often eat kangaroo meat because of its super high protein content.

Kangaroo Steak (per 100g raw meat):
Energy (Kj) | 419
Protein (g)| 21.0
Fat total (g)| 1.4
Saturated fat (g)| 0.6
Trans fat (g) | 0.1
Carbohydrate (g) | 0.2
Sugar (g) | 0.1
Sodium (mg) | 60
Iron (mg) | 2.8

Eating kangaroo meat can give an average adult 66% of their daily protein needs (K-ROO Kangaroo Meat Nutrition, n.d.).

Kangaroos Facts & Information. (n.d.). Bush Heritage Australia. https://www.bushheritage.org.au/species/kangaroos#:~:text=Kangaroos%20are%20of%20cultural%20and
K-ROO Kangaroo Meat Nutrition. (n.d.). K-ROO. https://k-roo.com.au/nutrition/#:~:text=Protein

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Vegemite sandwiches

Timtams

Cheezles

Twisties

Anzac biscuits

Shapes

Minties

Tiny teddies

FAIRY BREAD

These snacks aren't the most nutritional foods but are a great treat in moderation.

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My favourite cultural idol in Australian culture is Steve Irwin (The Crocodile Hunter). Steve Irwin was a wildlife expert, television personality, and conservationist who became internationally famous for his enthusiastic and passionate approach to wildlife (Duignan, 2019). He promoted Australian wildlife and environmental conservation through his television shows and interactions with various animals, particularly crocodiles (Duignan, 2019).

Duignan, B. (2019). Steve Irwin. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Steve-Irwin