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Athletes suffer from some of the most common sports injuries. They can either be overuse injuries such as shin splints or compartment syndromes or can occur suddenly for example muscle strains. Most track and field injuries are ‘internal’ injuries meaning they occur within the body itself rather than from external contact with another athlete or player as in many contact sports. Here we explain some of the more common athletic injuries.

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Watch the video to see if you know which 5 phases should be included in sprinting.

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Do you know all the phases of the 100m? | Sprinting 101

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Sprinting, also known as dash in track and field, is a short distance race performed at full or near full burst speed, with the main distances being 100 meters, 200 meters and 400 meters.

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A rotator cuff strain is a tear to any of the four rotator cuff muscles in the shoulder and is common in throwing and racket sports. They are so-called because their job is to rotate the arm at the shoulder and provide a supportive cuff around the joint. Treatment consists of reducing pain and inflammation followed by a full rehabilitation program consisting of mobility, strengthening, and sports-specific exercises.

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The initial phase of sprinting is known as the starting block phase, where the sprinter is in contact with the blocks. This phase has the greatest amount of ground contact time, or the total time in which the feet are in contact with the ground or blocks.

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Once the sprinter takes off from the blocks, they begin to accelerate by increasing stride length and stride frequency. The length of this phase can be anywhere from 30 to 50 meters among top sprinters during a 100-meter race. During acceleration, the time in which the foot is in contact with the ground is relatively long in order to generate high levels of force, but decreases as the sprinter achieves maximum running speed.

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The transition is another phase of the race moving from acceleration phrase into maximum velocity. It also about how to transfer from the horizontal angle to a more upright position.

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This phase can be submaximal, maximal or supramaximal and is characterized by both the stride length and stride frequency remaining the same over a period of time. This phase is generally achieved between the 60 to 80 meter mark in men and 50 to 70 meter mark in women. In principle, the top sprinters can sustain this phase over a distance of 10 to 20 meters. The difference between elite and sub-elite sprinters is the frequency of stride, demonstrating that it is more important than the length of the stride.

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The last phase is categorized by a decrease in sprinting speed, usually occurring between the 80 and 100-meter mark in top sprinters. Velocity begins to decrease on a scale of .5 to 1.5 meters per second and is caused by central and peripheral fatigue. The decrease in speed is mainly caused by a decrease in stride frequency, as stride length and ground contact time is increased when compared to the third sprinting phase.

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Rapidly moving from one place to another, also known as sprinting, is an action that is required in many different sports and activities. Sprinting can be broken down into four different phases, each distinguishable from the others by comparing three different variables. These variables are stride length, stride frequency and ground contact time.

Starting Phase

The initial phase of sprinting is known as the starting block phase, where the sprinter is in contact with the blocks. This phase has the greatest amount of ground contact time, or the total time in which the feet are in contact with the ground or blocks. This is when force production is the greatest. With the rear leg producing force for only 45 percent of the contact time, the front leg is believed to be of more importance at the start. Stride length and stride frequency are not factors in this phase because the sprinter is not moving.

Acceleration Phase

Once the sprinter takes off from the blocks, they begin to accelerate by increasing stride length and stride frequency. The length of this phase can be anywhere from 30 to 50 meters among top sprinters during a 100-meter race. During acceleration, the time in which the foot is in contact with the ground is relatively long in order to generate high levels of force, but decreases as the sprinter achieves maximum running speed.

Constant Speed Phase

The constant speed phase can be submaximal, maximal or supramaximal and is characterized by both the stride length and stride frequency remaining the same over a period of time. This phase is generally achieved between the 60 to 80 meter mark in men and 50 to 70 meter mark in women. In principle, the top sprinters can sustain this phase over a distance of 10 to 20 meters. The difference between elite and sub-elite sprinters is the frequency of stride, demonstrating that it is more important than the length of the stride.

Deceleration Phase

The last phase is categorized by a decrease in sprinting speed, usually occurring between the 80 and 100-meter mark in top sprinters. Velocity begins to decrease on a scale of .5 to 1.5 meters per second and is caused by central and peripheral fatigue. The decrease in speed is mainly caused by a decrease in stride frequency, as stride length and ground contact time is increased when compared to the third sprinting phase.

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Rapidly moving from one place to another, also known as sprinting, is an action that is required in many different sports and activities. Sprinting can be broken down into four different phases, each distinguishable from the others by comparing three different variables.

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Here are some skills training example, a proper sprinting skill not only help you to run faster, but also prevent you from getting injured.

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Sprinting Drills That Develop Proper Form

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Back pain is also common in the shot, discus and Javelin because of the combination of extension (bending backward) and twisting at the same time. Muscle imbalances can build up and over time lumbar disc problems can occur. Correct warm-up and conditioning can help mitigate the risk of injury. Throwing a number of times with the wrong arm can help prevent muscle imbalances.

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Achilles tendonitis (also known as Achilles tendinopathy or Achilles tendinosis) is an overuse injury causing pain, inflammation, and or degeneration of the Achilles tendon at the back of the ankle. If this type of injury is not caught early this can be difficult to cure but with the right treatment and particularly eccentric strengthening exercises, a full recovery can usually be achieved.

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Muscles strains are common in sprints events, particularly hamstring strain, groin strains, and calf strains. Sprinters are always pushing the limits of speed and often training as close to the fine line of injury as possible. Injury risk can be mitigated by proper warm-up which includes dynamic stretching and strength and conditioning.

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Power is an essential element for athletes to run faster. So, weight training is important for sprint athletes. Here are some examples of power training for sprint athletes.

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Speed & Power Workout For Sprinters | Track & Gym Training

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Share your thought or experiences about sprinting

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Share your thought or experiences about sprinting

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Guildlines：
You can share anything about sprinting, for example:
Did you have any experience competing in sprint event?/
Do you think it is easy to sprint fast?/
How can we prevent from getting injured while training？

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