# data[].attributes.body
Alaska, Canada

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Physical: Taiga, Tundra

Climate: continental-cold (short and cool summers), mild to low precipitation

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Athabaskan speakers: Tsattine

Algonquian speakers: Cree, Ojibwa

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Main Methods: Hunting, gathering, and fishing.

Food Types: Caribou, moose, bear, fish, and various berries and roots.

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Wigwams or tepees

portable and easy to construct

suitable for nomadic lifestyles and harsh weather.

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Alaska, Canada

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Physical: cold, flat, treeless region

Climate: very cold temperatures for most of the year

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Inuit, Aleut

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Main Methods: Hunting and fishing.

Food Types: Seals, whales, fish, and caribou.

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Igloos and Sod houses

can be made quickly

made up of easy-to-find materials (snow, timber, sod)

insulated to retain heat and keep warm

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sparse population --> small family groups, temporary settlements

used snowshoes and toboggans for efficient travel

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Quebec, Ontario, and the Maritimes to North Carolina

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Physical: mostly rolling, with some steep slopes.

Climate: temperate, moderate precipitation

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Algonquin, Iroquois

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Main Methods: Farming, hunting, and fishing.

Food Types: Corn, beans, squash, deer, and fish.

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Longhouses, Wickiups

Suitable for extended families and communal living

made with commonly found materials

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Tribes of the Northeast invented the game of lacrosse

used the wildflower goldthread as a mouthwash and a treatment for oral pain

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Northeast culture area to the Gulf of Mexico

Atlantic Ocean to west Mississippi valley

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Physical: coastal plains, rolling uplands, mountains

Climate: warm temperate in the north, grades to subtropical in the south

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Cherokee, Chickasaw, Creek

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Main Methods: Farming, hunting, and gathering.

Food Types: Corn, beans, squash, deer, and turkey.

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Wickiups, Earth-berm dwellings, Chickees

built from available materials

suitable for the warm climate

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drank a caffeinated beverage commonly known as the "black drink".

known for religious iconography, which often included bird themes

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Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains, from present-day Canada to the Gulf of Mexico

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Physical:

West: Relatively flat short-grass prairies

East: Rolling tallgrass

Tree-lined river valleys

Climate: warm summers and cold winters with little to mild precipitation

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Crow, Blackfeet, Cheyenne

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Main Methods: Hunting

Food Types: Bison was the primary food source

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Tepees

Portable and easy to assemble

fits with nomadic lifestyle which follows bison herds

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did a ritual (Sun Dance) that demanded a high degree of piety and self-sacrifice

known for their elaborately feathered war bonnets

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present-day Arizona and New Mexico

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Physical: plateaus, basins, and ranges

Climate: semitropical

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Hopi, Zuni

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Main Methods: Farming and herding.

Food Types: Corn, beans, squash, and sheep.

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Pueblos

Made from adobe

small windows to keep interiors cool in the heat

Hagon

made from mud and bark

eastward-facing to keep cool in the heat

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villages also had large ceremonial pit houses, or kivas.

Stone channels and check dams were common

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Centered in present-day Nevada and includes adjacent areas

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Physical: basin and range system

Climate: temperate in the north and becomes subtropical to the south

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Bannock, Paiute, Ute

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Main Methods: Hunting and gathering.

Food Types: Pine nuts, seeds, small game, and rabbits.

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Wickiups

Designed for mobility and quick assembly

suitable for nomadic lifestyle and varying seasonal conditions

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had informal communal leaderships

highly skilled in basket weaving for food storage and transportation

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present-day California and northern Baja

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Physical: north-south ranges with high plateaus and basins. many microenvironments.

Climate: temperate climate

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Hupa, Yurok, Pomo

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Main Methods: Hunting, gathering, and fishing.

Food Types: Acorns, fish, deer, and shellfish.

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Plank houses and tule houses

Used local materials for construction

provided insulation

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was noted for intricate basketry and beadwork

had extensive trade networks and use of shell money.

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present-day Oregon, Washington, British Columbia

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Physical: coastal hills or mountains fall abruptly to a beach or riverbank

Climate: abundance of precipitation

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Tlingit, Haida, Tsimshian

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Main Methods: Fishing and hunting

Food Types: Salmon, shellfish, seals, and whales

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Plank Houses

large and permanent structures suitable for communal living

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renowned for totem poles, masks, and woodcarving

had complex hierarchical society with potlatch ceremonies

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present-day Montana, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia

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Physical: rolling hills, high flatlands, gorges, and mountain slopes

Climate: temperate

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Salish, Flathead, Nez Percé

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Main Methods: Fishing, hunting, and gathering.

Food Types: Salmon, deer, berries, and roots.

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Pit houses and tepees.

pit houses: provided insulation against the cold

tepees: provided high portability during seasonal migrations.

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sophisticated methods for salmon fishing, including weirs and traps.

known for intricate beadwork and weaving, often used to create elaborate clothing and ceremonial items

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invented kayaks for travel

invented goggles to protect their eyes from sunlight