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“We acknowledge the Whadjuk people of the Noongar nation as the traditional custodians of this country and its waters and that Murdoch University stands on Noongar country. We pay our respects to Noongar elders past and present and acknowledge their wisdom and advice in our teaching and cultural knowledge activities.”

Welcome to Country | Kulbardi Aboriginal Centre | Murdoch University. (n.d.). Explore. https://www.murdoch.edu.au/explore/support-services/kulbardi-aboriginal-centre/welcome-to-country

Aboriginal Flag: University, S. R. is a correspondent intern at the O. for W. P. A. a rising senior at the G. W., Affairs, she is studying I., governance, S. S. has a special interest in global, Equality, G., & region, the L. A. (2022, August 15). Sydney Harbour Bridge Will Now Permanently Fly The Aboriginal Flag. The Organization for World Peace. https://theowp.org/sydney-harbour-bridge-will-now-permanently-fly-the-aboriginal-flag/

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Health means the physical, mental, and social well-being of every human being, regardless of ethnicity and background.  To live a life that is free from disease and sickness.  It involves balancing mental and emotional well-being and the ability to engage in daily activities.  Health represents a total level of well-being that enables people to live happy and independent lives.

world health organisation. (2021). Constitution of the World Health Organization. Www.who.int; World Health Organisation. https://www.who.int/about/governance/constitution#:~:text=Health%20is%20a%20state%20of

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Australia is known for its variety of distinctive wildlife.  A few famous marsupials include kangaroos, koalas, and wombats.  Some egg-laying mammals include the platypus and echidna.  Other notable species include the wallabies, Tasmanian devil, and quokkas.  The emu, cassowary, and kookaburra are among the colourful parrots in Australia, along with the rainbow lorikeet and the galah.  Marine life includes the dugong, other types of sea turtles, salt, and freshwater crocodiles are powerful reptiles.

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The music scene in Australia is diverse, as are the popular musical tastes.  Australia produces music in well-known genres like pop, rock, and country, much like America.  Folk and traditional music are other musical genres produced by Australian musicians (2023).

(2023). Study.com. https://study.com/learn/lesson/australian-music.html#:~:text=What%20kind%20of%20music%20is

Photo: Australian Music: Instruments & Music Artists. (n.d.). https://study.com/learn/lesson/australian-music.html#:~:text=What%20kind%20of%20music%20is,folk%20and%20traditional%20music%20genres.

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Country focus: South Sudan.
South Sudan ranks among the lowest in many socioeconomic categories and is one of the world’s poorest countries.  Its population is 12,118,379, and its located in East-Central Africa, south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, and west of Ethiopia. (CIA, 2021). South Sudan's main health issues are mental health, malaria and HIV/AIDS (Global Health | South Sudan | U.S. Agency for International Development, 2022).
Mental Health:
Ranks among the lowest in many socioeconomic categories and is one of the world’s poorest countries.  Its population is 12,118,379, located in East-Central Africa, south of Sudan, north of Uganda and Kenya, and west of Ethiopia. (CIA, 2021)

Mental health

Mental health is our psychological, emotional, and social well-being.  It influences our thoughts, emotions, and behaviours (CDC, 2021).

One treatment available to refugees from South Sudan is a psychotherapy program delivered with a group component with other Sudanese refugees.  It addresses the impact of resettlement stressors and trauma on the individual (Tomasi et al., 2022).

Malaria

Malaria is a serious and occasionally fatal condition brought on by a parasite that frequently infects a particular mosquito species that feeds on people (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020).

One treatment available to South Sudan refugees is a medicine called Artesunate or Amodiaquine (Malaria in South Sudan 4: Treatment of Uncomplicated P. Falciparum Malaria, n.d.).

HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS is a virus that attacks the body’s immune system (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020b).

One treatment available to refugees from South Sudan is ART medication every quarter, free of charge (South Sudan, n.d.).

CIA. (2021, May 4). South Sudan - The World Factbook. Www.cia.gov. https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/south-sudan/

Global Health | South Sudan | U.S. Agency for International Development. (2022, June 22). Www.usaid.gov. https://www.usaid.gov/south-sudan/global-health#:~:text=Malaria%20is%20a%20major%20cause

CDC. (2021, November 23). About Mental Health. Www.cdc.gov; CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/mentalhealth/learn/index.htm#:~:text=What%20is%20mental%20health%3F

Tomasi, A.-M., Slewa-Younan, S., Narchal, R., & Rioseco, P. (2022). Understanding the mental health and help-seeking behaviours of refugees. Aifs.gov.au. https://aifs.gov.au/resources/short-articles/understanding-mental-health-and-help-seeking-behaviours-refugees
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020, March 13). CDC - Malaria - FAQs. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/faqs.html#:~:text=Malaria%20is%20a%20serious%20and

Malaria in South Sudan 4: Treatment of uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. (n.d.). Www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com. Retrieved October 12, 2023, from http://www.southsudanmedicaljournal.com/archive/may-2011/malaria-in-south-sudan-4-treatment-of-uncomplicated-p.-falciparum-malaria.html#:~:text=For%20the%20treatment%20of%20uncomplicated

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020b, November 3). About HIV/AIDS | HIV Basics | HIV/AIDS | CDC. Www.cdc.gov. https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/basics/whatishiv.html#:~:text=What%20is%20HIV%3F

South Sudan. (n.d.). Www.unaids.org. Retrieved October 12, 2023, from https://www.unaids.org/en/keywords/south-sudan#:~:text=They%20receive%20ART%20medication%20on

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World Health Organization. (2023). Social determinants of health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

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The national sport of Australia is Australian Rules Football (AFL), which is renowned for its physicality, distinctive oval ball, and extensive playing area.  It is a professional sport that is played in the Australian Football League. It consists of many teams and dates back to the 19th century. Grand final events have become a tradition.

Photo: Grand finalists, Brownlow, top eight: Skippers’ tips for 2023. (2023, March 8). Afl.com.au. https://www.afl.com.au/news/880865/captains-survey-grand-finalists-brownlow-top-eight-afl-captains-make-their-2023-predictions

Nauright, J. (2019). Australian Rules Football | History, Rules, & Facts. In Encyclopædia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/sports/Australian-rules-football

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Anzac biscuits are a staple of Australian culture as they are associated with the Australian and New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC).  Their wives would send to troops abroad because the ingredients keep well and don’t spoil easily.

Ingredients:

1 cup rolled Uncle Toby’s oats

1 cup plain flour

½ cup desiccated coconut

125g butter

2 tablespoons golden syrup

1 tablespoon water

½ teaspoon bicarbonate of soda

Method:

Preheat oven to 160°C.

Grease two oven trays and line them with baking paper.

Combine oats, flour, sugar and coconut.

Stir butter, syrup, and water in a small saucepan over low heat until smooth, then add the bicarbonate of soda.

Stir wet mixture into dry mixture until well-combined.

Spoon level teaspoons of the combined mixture onto baking trays, flattening slightly and leaving about three inches of space between each.

Bake for 20 minutes and allow to cool.

ANZAC biscuits - The Australian Made Campaign. (n.d.). Australianmade.com.au. Retrieved October 11, 2023, from https://australianmade.com.au/products/recipes/2016/anzac-biscuit/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwj5mpBhDJARIsAOVjBdrM_sPhEmEix2z2FuzfIRtmk954cuYUWOHJ8ta7UnCN1U_V1m0rVBcaAuTgEALw_wcB

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Australia has a wide range of weather conditions due to its diverse geography and size.  While interior regions can experience extreme temperatures, coastal regions generally have milder climates.  The nation has four distinct seasons, cyclones affecting the tropical north and bushfires in the south during the hot summers.  For weather updates, it is important to check the local forecast.